Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 alleviates liver fibrosis through the renin-angiotensin system

The present letter to the editor is related to the study titled‘Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 improves liver fibrosis in mice by regulating autophagy of hepatic stellate cells’.Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 can alleviate liver fibrosis by regulating autophagy of hepatic stellate cells and affecting the renin-angiotensin system.

Extracellular vesicles and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in COVID-19 disease

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membranous vesicular structures released from almost all eukaryotic cell types under different physiological or pathological conditions.Growing evidence demonstrates that EVs can serve as mediators of intercellular communication between donor and recipient cells or microorganism-infected and noninfected cells.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)disease is caused by infection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)of host cells in the respiratory system and various extra-pulmonary tissue/organs,resulting in complications of multiple organ systems.As the cell surface receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells in patients with COVID-19.Recent studies have found that ACE2 can be released with EVs,which have been shown to interfere with the entry of the virus into host cells and thus may be involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology.In addition,ACE2,neprilysin(NEP),and thimet oligopeptidase(TOP)are the key enzymes that regulate angiotensin metabolism by converting angiotensin II or angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-7,the latter of which has protective effects in counterbalancing the harmful effects of angiotensin II in COVID-19 disease.This review summarizes the recent research progress regarding EV-associated ACE2,NEP,and TOP and the perspectives of their potential involvement in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.

Role of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor in diabetic complications

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disorder with multi-system manifestations,causing a significant burden in terms of disability and deaths globally.Angio-tensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor(ARNI)belongs to a class of medications for treating heart failure,with the benefits of reducing hospitalization rates and mortality.This review mainly focuses on the clinical and basic investigations related to ARNI and diabetic complications,discussing possible physiological and molecular mechanisms,with insights for future applications.

Impacts of angiotensin II on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient mice

AIM:To investigate the impacts of angiotensin II(Ang II)on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient(apoE^(-/-))mice.METHODS:ApoE^(-/-)male mice were infused by minipumps with Ang II at 1000 ng/kg·min(Ang II group)or saline(control group)for 28d.They were underwent ophthalmic fundus examination on day 0,14,and 28 of infusion.Histopathologic examination,ribonucleic acid(RNA)sequencing and local Ang II measurement of retinas were conducted.RESULTS:Ophthalmic fundus examination showed Ang II infusion promoted the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions on day 28.Optical coherence tomography revealed the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer(GCIPL)thickness in the control group was significantly thinner than that in Ang II group(P<0.001).Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated diffused swelling of GCIPL layer and its disordered structure in Ang II group.Transmission electron microscopy showed Ang II infusion caused aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions,including increased swelling,roughness,disorganization of the retinal vasculature,and vacuoles formation.RNA-sequencing and gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that the structure and function of cellular membrane might be disturbed and visual function might be compromised by Ang II.The local level of Ang II was higher in Ang II infusion group but did not show significant differences compared to the control group(P=0.086).CONCLUSION:Ang II infusion promotes the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions in apoE^(-/-)mice,causing aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions,more severe disorganization of the retinal vasculature and disturbance of the cellular membrane.

Biological function of miRNA-145-5p in angiotensin II induced renal inflammation

Objective:Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a progressive disorder characterized by intricate structural and functional alterations in the kidneys,attributable to diverse causative factors.Notably,the therapeutic promise of miR-145-5p in addressing renal pathologies has been discerned.This investigation seeks to elucidate the functional role of miR-145-5p in injured kidneys by subjecting human glomerular mesangial cells(HGMCs)to stimulation with Angiotensin II(AngII).Materials and Methods:Cellular viability and the levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated utilizing Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),and western blot methodologies,both in the presence of AngII incubation and in scenarios of miR-145p overexpression and downregulation.Furthermore,the cell cycle dynamics were elucidated through Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting(FACS)analysis.Results:AngII incubation induced an upregulation of miR-145-5p and inflammatory factors including Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1(ICAM-1),Interleukin 6(IL-6),Interleukin 8(IL-8),and Interleukin 1β(IL-1β).Additionally,it elevated the expression of Cyclin A2,Cyclin D1,and the G2/M cell cycle ratio.Conversely,inhibition of miR-145-5p heightened the levels of inflammatory factors and cell cycle regulators induced by AngII incubation.Reduced expression of miR-145-5p correlated with a downregulation of Interleukin 10(IL-10)expression,concurrently promoting HGMC proliferation under AngII stimulation.Moreover,ectopic miR-145-5p expression demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory factors,cell cyclin regulators,G2/M cell cycle ratio,and overall proliferation.Conclusion:MiR-145-5p exhibited inhibitory effects on the inflammatory response and proliferation induced by Angiotensin II in HGMCs,showcasing its potential as a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of kidney injury.

Influence of Angiotensin II on α1-Adrenergic Receptors Function in Rat Aorta and Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main mediator of the Renin-Angiotensin-System acting on AT1 and other AT receptors. It is regarded as a pleiotropic agent that induces many actions, including functioning as a growth factor, and as a contractile hormone, among others. The aim of this work was to examine the impact of Ang II on the expression and function of α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) in cultured rat aorta, and aorta-derived smooth muscle cells. Isolated Wistar rat aorta was incubated for 24 h in DMEM at 37˚C, then subjected to isometric tension and to the action of added norepinephrine, in concentration-response curves. Ang II was added (1 × 10−5 M), and in some experiments, 5-Methylurapidil (α1A-AR antagonist), AH11110A (α1B-AR antagonist), or BMY-7378 (α1D-AR antagonist), were used to identify the α1-AR involved in the response. Desensitization of the contractile response to norepinephrine was observed due to incubation time, and by the Ang II action. α1D-AR was protected from desensitization by BMY-7378;while RS-100329 and prazosin partially mitigated desensitization. In another set of experiments, isolated aorta-derived smooth muscle cells were exposed to Ang II and α1-ARs proteins were evaluated. α1D-AR increased at 30 and 60 min post Ang II exposure, the α1A-AR diminished from 1 to 4 h, while α1B-AR remained unchanged over 24 h of Ang II exposure. Ang II induced an increase of α1D-AR at short times, and BMY-7378 protected α1D-AR from desensitization.

Angiotensin II administration in severe thrombocytopenia and chronic venous thrombosis:A case report

BACKGROUND The initial trials on angiotensin II(AT II)administration indicated a high incidence of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis,as well as a positive correlation between hyperreninemia and response to the medication.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of a patient presenting with catecholamine resistant septic shock,thrombocytopenia,deep vein thrombosis,and normal renin concentration who responded immediately to AT II treatment.We observed no worsening of thrombocytopenia and no progression of thrombosis or additional thromboses during treatment.CONCLUSION Our case underscores the need for individualized assessment of patients for potential therapy with AT II.

Association between renin-angiotensin system inhibitor and the risk of CMV pneumonia:a Mendelian randomization study

Background:Cytomegalovirus(CMV)reactivation is linked to a high mortality rate,especially among the elderly.Prior research suggests that renin-angiotensin system(RAS)inhibitors may influence both the onset and prognosis of pneumonia.This study aims to examine the causal relationship between RAS inhibitor use and the risk of CMV pneumonia using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:We conducted an analysis using data from two genome-wide association studies(GWAS)involving individuals of European ancestry.This dataset included individuals treated with RAS inhibitors and those with CMV pneumonia.We assessed the relationship between RAS inhibitor use and CMV pneumonia risk using the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method.The results were further evaluated for pleiotropy,heterogeneity,and robustness.Results:The Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis revealed a causal relationship between RAS inhibitor use and an increased risk of CMV pneumonia(IVW:odds ratio[OR]=2.73;95%confidence interval[CI]=1.11-6.73;P=0.028).Conclusions:Our finding indicate a positive causal relationship between the use of RAS inhibitors and the onset of CMV pneumonia.

The Beneficial Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade in Treatment of Hypertension, Resistant to Conventional Antihypertensives, in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is present in up to 90% of end stage kidney disease (ESRD) patients irrespective of the etiology of their kidney disease. Moreover, it is an important modifiable risk factor for progression to ESRD and its overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective: to evaluate, prospectively, the role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System blockade (RAAS) in HTN, resistant to 3 conventional antihypertensives, in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Patients and methods: A total of 52 such patients were treated with Ramipril and 5 with Losartan after intolerable cough/shortness of breath following Ramipril-use. None of the patients had fluid depletion, renal artery stenosis and primary endocrinopathy. The study group was compared to a matched control group of MHD patients with normal blood pressure following 3 drugs-combination therapies. Results: All patients, with resistant HTN, had significant activation of RAAS system prior to treatment compared to inactive one in the control group. In those with resistant HTN, control of HTN, was established within 2 weeks of therapy and was associated with suppression of the RAAS. Such therapy was associated with minor side effects. Conclusion: Our study has shown that RAAS blockade is safe and effective in controlling such resistant HTN in MHD patients.

The Role for AVE0991 (MAS-Receptor Angiotensin II (1-7) Agonist) in Reducing Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury on C57BL/6 Mice

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a condition that causes nephrotoxicity in kidney tissues due to cisplatin-induced cancer treatments. Hence, it is proposed in this review that AVE0991 (a MAS-receptor Angiotensin II (1-7) agonist) may reduce cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by promoting nitric oxide production.

Renin-angiotensin system in the central nervous system:focus on Huntington’s disease

The renin-angiotensin system(RAS)was originally conceived as a circulating hormonal system involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis.With the discovery of local RAS components in diverse organs,including the brain,and related biologically active peptides.

MicroRNA-155 mediates endogenous angiotensin II type 1 receptor regulation:implications for innovative type 2 diabetes mellitus management

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a lifelong condition and a threat to human health.Thorough understanding of its pathogenesis is acutely needed in order to devise innovative,preventative,and potentially curative pharmacological interventions.MicroRNAs(miRNA),are small,non-coding,one-stranded RNA molecules,that can target and silence around 60%of all human genes through translational repression.MiR-155 is an ancient,evolutionarily well-conserved miRNA,with distinct expression profiles and multifunctionality,and a target repertoire of over 241 genes involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including hematopoietic lineage differentiation,immunity,inflammation,viral infections,cancer,cardiovascular conditions,and particularly diabetes mellitus.MiR-155 Levels are progressively reduced in aging,obesity,sarcopenia,and T2DM.Thus,the loss of coordinated repression of multiple miR-155 targets acting as negative regulators,such as C/EBPβ,HDAC4,and SOCS1 impacts insulin signaling,deteriorating glucose homeostasis,and causing insulin resistance(IR).Moreover,deranged regulation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system(RAAS)through loss of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor downregulation,and negated repression of ETS-1,results in unopposed detrimental Angiotensin II effects,further promoting IR.Finally,loss of BACH1 and SOCS1 repression abolishes cytoprotective,anti-oxidant,anti-apoptotic,and anti-inflam matory cellular pathways,and promotesβ-cell loss.In contrast to RAAS inhibitor treatments that further decrease already reduced miR-155 Levels,strategies to increase an ailing miR-155 production in T2DM,e.g.,the use of metformin,mineralocorticoid receptor blockers(spironolactone,eplerenone,finerenone),and verapamil,alone or in various combinations,represent current treatment options.In the future,direct tissue delivery of miRNA analogs is likely.

Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers on the mortality in sepsis: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEIs)or angiotensin receptor blockers(ARBs)on the mortality of patients with sepsis is not well characterized.AIM To elucidate the association between prior ACEI or ARB exposure and mortality in sepsis.METHODS The PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library databases were searched for all studies of premorbid ACEI or ARB use and sepsis mortality until November 302019.Two reviewers independently assessed,selected,and ab-stracted data from studies reporting ACEIs or ARBs,sepsis,and mortality.The primary extracted data consisted of premorbid ACEI or ARB exposure,mortality,and general patient data.Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and quality of evidence.RESULTS A total of six studies comprising 281238 patients with sepsis,including 49799 cases with premorbid ACEI or ARB exposure were eligible for analysis.Pre-morbid ACEIs or ARBs exposure decreased the 30-d mortality in patients with sepsis.Moreover,the use of ACEIs or ARBs was associated with approximately a 6%decreased risk of 30-d mortality.CONCLUSION The results of this systematic review suggest that ACEI or ARB exposure prior to sepsis may be associated with reduced mortality.Further high-quality cohort studies and molecular mechanism experiments are required to confirm our results.

厄贝沙坦通过调节NLRP3表达在糖尿病肾病大鼠中的保护作用

目的 观察糖尿病肾病大鼠中NLRP3(NOD-like receptor protein 3)的表达,并在沉默NLRP3和以血管紧张素受体抑制剂(ARB)厄贝沙坦干预后观察NLRP3及炎症和纤维化因子的表达变化,探讨厄贝沙坦对糖尿病肾病大鼠的保护作用。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分成5组:对照(Control)组、模型(Model)组、空载(Model+Blank)组、NLRP3沉默(Model+NLRP3 Sh)组、ARB(Model+ARB)组,分别在糖尿病肾病模型建立后8周、12周处死大鼠并收集肾脏组织。实时荧光定量PCR检测NLRP3、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)、核因子κB(NF-κB)P65和波形蛋白(Vimentin)的mRNA表达水平;Western blot检测NLRP3、P65、热休克蛋白47(heat shock protein 47,HSP47)和Vimentin的蛋白表达水平;免疫荧光法观察NLRP3、Caspase-1和Vimentin的表达;PAS、PASM和Masson染色观察肾脏病理改变。结果 与对照组比较,模型组及空载组NLRP3、Caspase-1、P65和Vimentin mRNA的表达升高(均P<0.05),NLRP3、Caspase-1、P65、HSP47和Vimentin的蛋白表达升高(均P<0.05)。与模型组及空载组相比,NLRP3沉默组及ARB组的上述指标表达均下调(均P<0.05),模型组与空载组以上指标之间差异无统计学意义。病理染色结果显示NLRP3沉默和厄贝沙坦干预可减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏损害,减轻肾小球肥大、肾小球硬化、系膜扩张、间质纤维化。结论 糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏NLRP3信号通路被激活,且炎性和纤维化因子表达上调。厄贝沙坦可阻断NLRP3信号通路,减轻肾脏损害。天然免疫受体NLRP3可能成为治疗糖尿病肾病的新靶点。

补充血管紧张素(1-7)联合运动疗法对肾性高血压大鼠心脏重塑的作用与机制

背景:肾素-血管紧张素系统在高血压发生发展中起关键作用,其中血管紧张素(1-7)具有降压作用并反向调节血管紧张素Ⅱ的不良效应。运动康复疗法是防治高血压的重要非药物手段,然而血管紧张素(1-7)与运动是否具有协同效应尚未明确。目的:观察补充血管紧张素(1-7)联合运动疗法对肾性高血压大鼠心脏重塑的影响,并探讨血管紧张素(1-7)及其受体信号轴在其中的可能作用机制。方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机选取12只作为正常血压组,其余48只利用两肾一夹法制作肾性高血压模型并随机分为高血压对照组、高血压运动组、血管紧张素(1-7)组、联合治疗组。造模成功1周后,各组分别给予不同干预(为期6周):高血压运动组在电动跑台上进行跑步训练,血管紧张素(1-7)组通过植入大鼠背部皮下的Alzet微渗透泵灌流血管紧张素(1-7),联合治疗组在跑步训练后灌流血管紧张素(1-7),正常血压组和高血压对照组在鼠笼内安静饲养。末次训练后48 h,通过无创血压仪测定尾动脉血压;超声心动图检测心脏结构与功能;取左心室心肌,利用苏木精-伊红和马松染色进行心肌组织病理学观察,通过图像分析软件获取心肌细胞横截面积和胶原容积分数分别作为心肌肥大和心肌纤维化标志物;高效液相色谱法检测心脏血管紧张素(1-7)含量;qRT-PCR检测心脏胚胎基因心钠素和β-肌球蛋白重链mRNA表达量;免疫印迹法测定心脏Mas受体、血管紧张素2型受体和内皮型一氧化氮合成酶蛋白表达量。结果与结论:①与正常血压组比较,高血压对照组血压升高(P<0.05),心功能差异无显著变化(P>0.05),心肌细胞横截面积和胶原容积分数增加(P<0.05),心钠素和β-肌球蛋白重链mRNA表达量上调,血管紧张素(1-7)含量以及Mas受体、血管紧张素2型受体和内皮型一氧化氮合成酶蛋白表达量下调(P<0.05)。②与高血压对照组比较,运动组血压下降(P<0.05),心功能提高(P<0.05),胶原容积分数下降(P<0.05),心肌细胞横截面积和血管紧张素(1-7)含量无显著变化(P>0.05),心钠素和β-肌球蛋白重链mRNA表达量下调(P<0.05),Mas受体、血管紧张素2型受体和内皮型一氧化氮合成酶蛋白表达量上调(P<0.05);血管紧张素(1-7)组除心肌血管紧张素(1-7)含量升高(P<0.05)外,其他各参数差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③与运动组比较,联合治疗组血压下降(P<0.05),心肌细胞横截面积和心功能无显著变化(P>0.05),胶原容积分数下降(P<0.05),血管紧张素(1-7)含量升高(P<0.05),心钠素和β-肌球蛋白重链mRNA表达量下调(P<0.05),Mas受体、血管紧张素2型受体和内皮型一氧化氮合成酶蛋白表达量上调(P<0.05)。④提示单独补充血管紧张素(1-7)并不能改善肾性高血压大鼠心脏重塑,但却能够增强运动的疗效,其机制与血管紧张素(1-7)受体缺陷改善并恢复其信号通路功能有关。

肾素-血管紧张素系统在血管性痴呆大鼠心肌损伤中的作用

目的探讨肾素-血管紧张素系统在实验性血管性痴呆大鼠心肌损伤中的作用。方法24只成年雄性SD大鼠分为正常组、假手术组和模型组。Morris水迷宫用于评估大鼠学习记忆功能;免疫染色法观察心肌细胞横截面积和间质胶原蛋白分数以评估实验性血管性痴呆引起的心肌改变。检测血清中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和血管紧张素1-7(Ang1-7)的浓度,以及心肌中血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)、血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)、AngⅡ、Ang1-7、血管紧张素1型(AT1)受体和Mas受体的蛋白表达水平。结果与假手术组和正常组比较,模型组大鼠存在明显的认知功能障碍(P<0.01)和心肌损伤(P<0.0001)。此外,模型组大鼠心肌中肾素-血管紧张素系统的ACE/AngⅡ/AT1轴上调(P<0.01),而ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas轴下调(P<0.05)。结论实验性血管性痴呆大鼠心肌损伤可能与肾素-血管紧张素系统失调有关。

血清α1-抗胰蛋白酶、血管紧张素-Ⅱ与获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者预后的关系

目的探讨血清α1-抗胰蛋白酶(α1-AT)、血管紧张素-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ)与获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者预后的关系。方法将该院2019年5月至2022年5月收治的97例首诊AIDS患者纳入研究作为研究组,另选取同期于该院进行体检的健康者97例作为对照组。根据病历收集患者临床资料。对纳入研究者进行α1-AT、Ang-Ⅱ水平检测,并进行分组比较。对纳入研究的AIDS患者进行为期1年的随访,观察患者预后情况,并比较不同预后患者的α1-AT、Ang-Ⅱ水平。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析影响AIDS患者预后的因素。用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析α1-AT、Ang-Ⅱ水平对患者预后的预测效能。结果研究组血清α1-AT和Ang-Ⅱ水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。AIDS患者1年内的预后不良发生率为23.71%(23/97)。预后不良患者血清α1-AT和Ang-Ⅱ水平高于预后良好患者(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,预后不良患者C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、淋巴细胞计数水平、合并淋巴瘤者所占比例均高于预后良好患者,清蛋白(ALB)水平低于预后良好患者(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,合并淋巴瘤(OR=2.087)、高α1-AT水平(OR=2.611)、高Ang-Ⅱ水平(OR=2.138)是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,α1-AT预测AIDS患者预后的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.778,Ang-Ⅱ预测的AUC为0.798,α1-AT联合Ang-Ⅱ预测的AUC为0.918。结论α1-AT和Ang-Ⅱ在AIDS患者血清中水平异常升高,而且与患者预后有关,是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。α1-AT和Ang-Ⅱ联合检测可有效预测患者预后。

接受ARNI治疗的老年慢性心衰病人死亡风险预测模型的构建

目的构建接受血管紧张素受体脑啡肽酶抑制剂(ARNI)治疗的老年慢性心力衰竭(心衰)病人死亡风险预测模型,为早期识别预后不良高危人群及制定更为有效的干预方案提供参考。方法回顾性纳入2018年1月至2020年1月于邯郸市第一医院就诊并接受ARNI治疗的老年慢性心衰病人183例,随访3年,死亡50例,存活133例;采用多因素Cox回归评估病人死亡的独立危险因素,并进一步构建老年慢性心衰病人死亡风险临床预测模型。结果全部病人的中位生存时间为25.0(22.0,34.0)个月,其中1年生存率为93.44%(171/183),2年生存率为82.51%(151/183),3年生存率为72.68%(133/183)。单因素及多因素Cox回归分析结果均显示,左室射血分数、左室舒张末期内径、N末端B型钠尿肽前体及肌钙蛋白Ⅰ水平与预后有关(均P<0.05)。进一步构建列线图模型,并利用ROC曲线对列线图的预测结果进行分析,结果显示,列线图预测病人1、2、3年生存率的曲线下面积分别为0.741、0.862、0.730。结论接受ARNI治疗的老年慢性心衰病人死亡可能与多种心脏结构功能指标有关,基于心脏结构功能指标构建的模型在预测病人死亡风险方面具有优势。

灵芝调脂茶对高血压合并高脂血症患者代谢指标及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的影响探讨

目的 观察灵芝调脂茶对高血压合并高脂血症患者代谢指标及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的影响。方法 101例高血压合并高脂血症患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组(57例)和对照组(54例)。两组均指导健康生活方式,对照组口服苯磺酸氨氯地平、瑞舒伐他汀治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上饮用灵芝调脂茶。比较两组治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]、尿酸(UA)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、RAAS[肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(ALD)]。结果 两组治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较治疗前明显下降, HDL-C水平上升,且治疗组FPG、UA水平较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组治疗后FPG、UA水平与治疗前比较无明显统计学意义(P>0.05);相比对照组,治疗组治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C水平下降更为显著, HDL-C水平上升更为明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后FPG、UA组间比较无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗后FINS及HOMA-IR较治疗前均有下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后FINS(89.51±33.00)pmol/L、HOMA-IR(3.16±1.44)均低于对照组的(104.09±38.76)pmol/L、(3.81±1.67),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后PRA、AngⅡ、ALD均较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组治疗前后PRA无显著性差异(P>0.05);对照组治疗后AngⅡ、ALD均较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后PRA(1.61±0.74)ng/(ml·h)、AngⅡ(87.19±10.05)pg/ml、ALD(112.08±30.85)pg/ml均低于对照组的(2.02±0.32)ng/(ml·h)、(93.08±14.80)pg/ml、(128.25±25.25)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未发生严重不良反应。结论 灵芝调脂茶治疗高血压合并高脂血症疗效确切,能有效控制血脂,改善HOMA-IR,调节RAAS系统,安全性好,是值得临床广泛使用的中药制剂。

利用受体配体亲和技术筛选黄芩中血管紧张素转换酶2和二肽基肽酶4抑制剂

目的筛选中药黄芩中血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)和二肽基肽酶4(DPP-4)抑制剂。方法以ACE2和DPP-4作为靶蛋白,利用受体配体亲和超滤和液质联用技术,对黄芩中与ACE2和DPP-4亲和的化合物进行筛选和分析,以筛选具有同时抑制ACE2和DPP-4的化合物。结果从黄芩中筛选出了5,7,2′,6′-4羟基黄酮、5,7,2′,5′-4羟基-8,6′-二甲氧基黄酮、白杨素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、黄芩素-6-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、千层纸素A-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷、汉黄芩苷、白杨素、千层纸素A,可以同时亲和抑制ACE2和DPP-4,具有潜在的抗新型冠状病毒的作用。结论从黄芩中筛选出与新型冠状病毒肺炎有关的靶蛋白抑制剂,具备潜在开发价值。