Untying the Two “Deadlocks”of Labor Contract Law Is Necessary for the Recovery of Chinese Economy

Labor Contract Law receives mixed evaluations since its implementation.The call for the amendment is hot and even some scholars regard it as the"tiger in the road"which hinders the economic development. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pays high attention to the construction of harmonious labor relation and the amendment has been a top priority. Labor Contract Law leads to two"deadlocks"of which the entrepreneurs are afraid. The first one is that the non-fixed term labor contract cannot be cancelled and the second one is that they must pay the economic compensation at the expiration of contract. These two rules hinder the employment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. The current laws have excessive expectation for the non-fixed term labor contract and too strict regulations; as for the economic compensation at the expiration of contract, it increases the enterprise cost. The amendment of these two articles will benefit the recovery of Chinese economy and make the labor relation more harmonious.

Effectiveness of China's Labor Contract Law——Evidence from China Employer-Employee Survey

Using micro-level data from China Employer-Employee Survey(CEES), this paper conducts an empirical analysis of firms' heterogeneous characteristics in the implementation of the Labor Contract Law and its effects on employees. Our findings are as follows: With China's economic development, firms more proactively implement the Labor Contract Law, resulting in a higher percentage of employees with labor contracts. Labor contracts significantly increase the probability of employees in receiving social insurances, such as pension, health, unemployment, work injury and birth insurances, and have a significantly positive effect on wage income. Longer term of labor contract corresponds to stronger employment protection, and such an effect is highly robust. Larger firms with higher capital-labor ratios have better results in implementing the Labor Contract Law. And employees of private and labor-intensive firms have poorer coverage of employment and social protection; such firms should be given focal attention in the law's implementation.

Implementation Regulations for China's Labor Contract Law

1.Introduction On January 1,2008,the Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China(LCL)became effective,resulting in wide- spread changes in labor policy for all companies and other af- fected organizations.As is the case with legislating in China, many details were left for resolution in implementing regulations,

On Autonomy of Will and the Applicable Law of Labor Contract:From the Perspective of Chinese Legislation

There are so many different opinions on whether the autonomy of will is applied in labor contract.In this paper,the author discusses the application and limitation of autonomy of will in labor contract,and puts forward some suggestions on the application of Article 43 of Law of the Application of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships after the introduction of Chinese legislation of the applicable law of labor contract.Autonomy of will is a useful principle in resolving disputes arising from foreign-related labor contract in China.

Link China issues regulation to clear labor contract law misunderstanding

China's State Council,the country's Cabinet,issued an implementation regulation for Labor Contract Law on September 18 in an effort to clarify confusion surrounding the law.

Conflict of Law Rules and the Protection of the Weaker Party in EU Private International Law and in Chinese New Private International Law:Consumer Contracts and Employment Contracts

Introductory remarks Both in EU Private International Law (EU PIL) and in Chinese New Private International Law (Chinese New PIL) it was deemed important to adopt special rules to determine the law applicable to consumer contracts and employment contracts with the purpose of protecting the weaker party.But those rules have existed for longer in the EU system than in the Chinese system,because they were already mentioned in the Rome Convention of 19 June 1980 on the law applicable to contractual obligations,replaced by the Rome Ⅰ Regulation of 17 June 2008,whereas the Law of the People's Republic of China on the laws applicable to foreign related civil relationsof 28 October 2010,in force since 1 st April 2011,is not only the first statute on conflict of law rules in general,①but also the first law which has adopted special conflict of law rules for consumer contracts and employment contracts,different from those governing contracts in general.

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of the Contract Book of the Civil Code on Labor Dispute Trial Practices:A Study of Four Hundred Judgments

Interpretation(I)of the Supreme People’s Court of Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases allows for the application of pertinent laws and regulations,including the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the“Civil Code”),in labor dispute cases.This has resolved the controversy over the relationship between civil law and labor law in academic and practical communities.In view of this development,we examined four hundred judicial documents,analyzing the focal points of disputes,the reasoning behind judgments,applicable laws,and judgment results.Our study identified seven impacts of the Contract Book of the Civil Code on labor dispute trial practices,exploring the underlying logic behind these changes and proposing policy suggestions to promote consistent judgments across jurisdictions,enhance judicial credibility,and encourage employers to govern enterprises in compliance with the law while empowering employees to safeguard their rights in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

Improve Labor Contract System, Safeguard Lawful Rights and Interests of Laborers——An interview with Prof. Guan Huai of Law School of Renmin University of China

EDITOR＇S NOTE： The Draft Labor Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China has been completed and was published for soliciting comments on March 20. In a short period of one month, 191,849 pieces of comments and opinions were received. Prior to the promulgation of the law, this reporter interviewed Mr. Guan Huai, a noted Chinese expert in labor law, professor of the Law School of the Renmin University of China and law advisor to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

Labor Contract Law,Warm or Cold for Migrant Worker?

The new labor contract law has exerted an unprecedented impact on manufacturing industry that has been progressing at much cheaper labor cost over years. The fact is the workers are not born cheap, they are made less costly without necessary welfares by some factory owners who often go to extreme to run sort of "sweatshop", as often reported by local and western media. The new labor rules could not possibly liberate all those sufferers.

民事司法解释的历史性进步——最高人民法院《合同编通则司法解释》亮点评述

《合同编通则司法解释》是民事司法解释历史性进步的重要标志。《合同编通则司法解释》坚守民事司法解释的法律定位,较为准确地把握了《民法典》立法原意,压缩了《民法典》有关条款或多或少的争议或歧义空间,其中,合同解释规则堪称典范。《合同编通则司法解释》充实民事司法解释的基本功能,以更为具体、明确、肯定的行为规则强化《民法典》有关条款的确定性,其中,清晰合同行为的识别标准、填充合同行为的场景因素尤为出色。《合同编通则司法解释》运用40余年的民事司法解释积累的经验,自觉避免以往时有的路径选择不当的情形,形成固定词句含义与范围、指引合同行为与裁判、强化裁判程序与功能的鲜明特色。《合同编通则司法解释》的历史性价值与意义应当得以彰显和认同,以便未来的民事司法解释自觉前行。

在省例与习俗之间:清代闽东契约书写格式中的法律意识

省例是清代国家律例的重要补充形式,上承国家法宗旨,下接地方习俗。同治《福建省例》对乡村绝卖、活卖或典当田宅等契约书写均有固定模式,约束契约书写格式。但民间社会书写契约时并未完全遵从省例,保留有明显的习俗痕迹。闽东文书无论是绝卖缴税的红契还是活卖或典当不缴税的白契,多为单契。闽东乡村女性立契的形式,不仅反映了省例与习俗交织互存的关联,也显示出人们在乡村买卖田房时存有国家在场的意识。

家哲学在德国古典哲学中的转型及其当代意义

现代家庭以亲密关系为基础并与公共领域相对分离。其法规范地位在近代早期并未确立,因为启蒙和自然法传统主要只破坏了旧家庭结构及父权制。费希特提出了非契约论的反干涉家庭法以维护亲密关系,康德则给出了一种契约论式的家哲学以维护身体-财产结合。综合二者的思路,黑格尔认为家庭法是一种包含契约论要素的商谈性规范,其重要特征是拥有一种“居间特性”,并且将家庭作为国家的“第一重根”。在黑格尔家哲学中包含着效用论和幸福论考虑,在当代,它被霍耐特用于修正罗尔斯的正义原则,并更新民主实践。

合同履行绿色义务的性质与效力——《民法典》第509条第3款释论

《民法典》第509条第3款规定的合同履行中的绿色义务,引起了巨大理论争议,也带来了司法实践难题。将该条款解释为倡导性条款,还是解释为有约束力的法定义务条款,其意义完全不同。为推进生态文明建设,结合民法绿色原则和立法体系进行分析,应当明确该条款的法定义务属性,通过对合同自由的适当限制,实现对当事人行为的环保约束。具体来说,合同履行的绿色义务具有附随义务属性,违反该义务可能导致损害赔偿、强制履行等责任,债权人也可能因而享有合同解除权;同时,该义务具有不真正义务属性,虽不能强制执行,但可能导致对方当事人减少价款请求权。上述两种定性虽有区别但并非相互排斥,应当由法官在司法裁判中结合案情决定采用不同的解释路径,以确定合同履行绿色义务的具体内容和边界,并依据社会共同价值、参酌习惯等,认定违反该义务的法律效果,体现绿色义务对合同当事人的现实约束力。

计算法学:法律如何实现可计算——以方法论和认识论为分析视角

计算机技术与法学的融合促进了计算法学的形成。计算法学注重通过计算机技术对法律进行编码,用计算机代码表示、适用、解释和履行法律,甚至执行法律。为推动计算法学的进一步发展,学术研究必须回答“法律如何实现可计算”这个基本的理论问题。研究发现,在方法论和认识论视角下,有法律信息检索的智能化、法律合规标准的动态规则化、法律学术的数据化、法律规制工具的代码化,以及法律认知的可识别化五种途径实现可计算目标。同时,通过对这五种途径背后具有代表性的不同流派与设计理念的提炼,可在理论上回答和论证“法律如何实现可计算”的问题。这种“一花五蕊”的繁荣景象大大拓展了计算法学的疆域和学科前沿,在理论上初步构建了计算法学概念的外延。要完善计算法学的理论体系,还应在本体论之上构建概念内涵。从方法论和认识论到本体论的升华,是计算法学走向成熟和成为一门独立学科的必然路径。

略论交易习惯的功能和适用——以《合同编司法解释》第2条为中心

交易习惯作为一种“活法”和“软法”,是调整交易关系的重要依据。交易习惯与作为法律渊源的习惯并不完全等同,需要在适用中加以区别。在合同解释中,交易习惯的作用主要表现为认定合同的成立、澄清条款文义、使附随义务具体化,基于交易习惯的合同解释也兼顾了当事人信赖保护。交易习惯也是填补合同漏洞的重要方式。在适用中,系列交易习惯优先于行业习惯和地域习惯,与此同时,交易习惯劣后于合同优先于合同法任意性规定。主张适用习惯的当事人须证明是否存在交易习惯及其具体内容,同时法院负担交易习惯合法性与公平合理性的审查职责。

保险条款通俗化规制的法律意义:基于美国经验

保险条款通俗化是降低保险人与被保险人之间信息不对称的重要手段。如果将保险条款通俗化作为一项强制性要求来进行监管,那么,就需要明确其标准。从美国的经验和汉语特点来看,采取主观标准与客观标准相结合的方式比较适宜。由于我国目前关于汉语文本易读性测试标准的研究尚不成熟,在一定程度上影响到了我国保险监管机构对保险条款通俗化的规制。如果某一保险条款未达到保险监管机构制定的保险条款通俗化的要求,保险监管机构可以拒绝批准、责令更改或进行行政处罚,但是,保险合同在当事人之间的效力不受影响。