Background: We currently have international and national guidelines regarding the assessment and monitoring of clinical signs and humane endpoints in animals used in teaching and research, which make the performance o...Background: We currently have international and national guidelines regarding the assessment and monitoring of clinical signs and humane endpoints in animals used in teaching and research, which make the performance of these activities mandatory for any experiment and professional working in this area. Assigning the severity of a research experiment is the result of an analysis of records of observations of the animal’s behavior, and clinical signs. The aim of this study was to describe the importance of carrying out a severity assessment associated with clinical and behavioral monitoring of rodents and rabbits during experimentation to maintain the welfare of these animals undergoing scientific research. Methods: The literature search was carried out using the following terms: “Monitoring”;“Humane endpoints”;“Animal welfare”, “Rodents”;“Rabbits”, and as connectors “and”;“or”, in the following databases: PubMed;LILACS/BIREME and SciELO. Results: A total of 987 articles were identified in the databases, and 20 of these studies were included in this review. Conclusions: Humane endpoint protocols and procedure severity tables are of the utmost importance, both from an ethical point and to refine the results of research conducted on laboratory animals. They should be drawn up jointly by the teams responsible for the project and the maintenance of the animals during the research period, and the data obtained should be published so that the scientific community can have access to it, helping to disseminate these practices, as well as helping to draw up new procedures. Monitoring and evaluating the welfare and clinical condition of animals undergoing scientific research procedures is the responsibility of the professors, researchers, veterinarians, and animal facility coordinators. The Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals must monitor all the activities conducted with the animals, by inspecting the experimental procedures and the physical environment of the laboratory animal facility where the animals are housed.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) in MR imaging for the differentiation between hyperplastic and metastatic lymph node. Methods: Animal models of malignant lymph ...Objective: To investigate the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) in MR imaging for the differentiation between hyperplastic and metastatic lymph node. Methods: Animal models of malignant lymph node metastasis were established in 6 New-Zealand rabbits by a unilateral intra-muscular injection of VX2 carcinoma cells, and models of hyperplastic lymph nodes were induced in another 6 rabbits by a unilateral intra-muscular injection of egg yolk emulsion. MR images of the lymph nodes were obtained before and 12 h after interstitial injection of SPIO. Image results were analyzed and compared with pathological findings. Results: On unenhanced images, the signal intensity of hyperplastic and metastatic lymph nodes did not differ significantly. After administration of SPIO, the signal intensity of both hyperplastic and metastatic lymph nodes remained unchanged on T1-weighted SE images. On T2-weighted SE images, the signal intensity of hyperplastic lymph nodes decreased heterogeneously, while that of all metastatic ones remained unchanged. On T2-weighted GRE images, the signal intensity of hyperplastic lymph nodes decreased significantly and homogeneously, while that of 4 metastatic ones remained unchanged and that of the rest 2 decreased heterogeneously. Conclusion: SPIO-enhanced MR imaging may enable the differentiation between the hyperplastic and metastatic lymph nodes.展开更多
To investigate the morphological characteristics of the bridge tendon grafting in no mans land to reconstruct the tendon defect and the effect of passive mobilization on it. Methods: A 2 cm defect was made in bilate...To investigate the morphological characteristics of the bridge tendon grafting in no mans land to reconstruct the tendon defect and the effect of passive mobilization on it. Methods: A 2 cm defect was made in bilateral flexor digitorum profundus tendons of the middle chicken toes, and was then transplanted to the opposite site to serve as a segmental autograft tendon. Postoperatively, passive mobilization of the left and right middle toes began at 5 and 21 d separately. Specimens were studied by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy at 5, 10, 21 and 35 d. Results: Early repair of the tendon graft of the left middle toes was made by proliferation and ingrowth of the epitenon cells intermingled with newly formed collagen fibers. A gliding surface formed at 10 and 21 d. The tendon graft itself played an active role in the repair. In contrast, adhesions obliterated the surface and occupied the space between the tendon graft and surrounding tissues in the right middle toes. Conclusions: It indicates that the use of the segmental bridge tendon graft in no mans land coupled with early passive motion stimulates an intrisic repair process in both the tendon stump and the autogenous tendon graft and results in a functional healing.展开更多
文摘Background: We currently have international and national guidelines regarding the assessment and monitoring of clinical signs and humane endpoints in animals used in teaching and research, which make the performance of these activities mandatory for any experiment and professional working in this area. Assigning the severity of a research experiment is the result of an analysis of records of observations of the animal’s behavior, and clinical signs. The aim of this study was to describe the importance of carrying out a severity assessment associated with clinical and behavioral monitoring of rodents and rabbits during experimentation to maintain the welfare of these animals undergoing scientific research. Methods: The literature search was carried out using the following terms: “Monitoring”;“Humane endpoints”;“Animal welfare”, “Rodents”;“Rabbits”, and as connectors “and”;“or”, in the following databases: PubMed;LILACS/BIREME and SciELO. Results: A total of 987 articles were identified in the databases, and 20 of these studies were included in this review. Conclusions: Humane endpoint protocols and procedure severity tables are of the utmost importance, both from an ethical point and to refine the results of research conducted on laboratory animals. They should be drawn up jointly by the teams responsible for the project and the maintenance of the animals during the research period, and the data obtained should be published so that the scientific community can have access to it, helping to disseminate these practices, as well as helping to draw up new procedures. Monitoring and evaluating the welfare and clinical condition of animals undergoing scientific research procedures is the responsibility of the professors, researchers, veterinarians, and animal facility coordinators. The Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals must monitor all the activities conducted with the animals, by inspecting the experimental procedures and the physical environment of the laboratory animal facility where the animals are housed.
文摘Objective: To investigate the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) in MR imaging for the differentiation between hyperplastic and metastatic lymph node. Methods: Animal models of malignant lymph node metastasis were established in 6 New-Zealand rabbits by a unilateral intra-muscular injection of VX2 carcinoma cells, and models of hyperplastic lymph nodes were induced in another 6 rabbits by a unilateral intra-muscular injection of egg yolk emulsion. MR images of the lymph nodes were obtained before and 12 h after interstitial injection of SPIO. Image results were analyzed and compared with pathological findings. Results: On unenhanced images, the signal intensity of hyperplastic and metastatic lymph nodes did not differ significantly. After administration of SPIO, the signal intensity of both hyperplastic and metastatic lymph nodes remained unchanged on T1-weighted SE images. On T2-weighted SE images, the signal intensity of hyperplastic lymph nodes decreased heterogeneously, while that of all metastatic ones remained unchanged. On T2-weighted GRE images, the signal intensity of hyperplastic lymph nodes decreased significantly and homogeneously, while that of 4 metastatic ones remained unchanged and that of the rest 2 decreased heterogeneously. Conclusion: SPIO-enhanced MR imaging may enable the differentiation between the hyperplastic and metastatic lymph nodes.
文摘To investigate the morphological characteristics of the bridge tendon grafting in no mans land to reconstruct the tendon defect and the effect of passive mobilization on it. Methods: A 2 cm defect was made in bilateral flexor digitorum profundus tendons of the middle chicken toes, and was then transplanted to the opposite site to serve as a segmental autograft tendon. Postoperatively, passive mobilization of the left and right middle toes began at 5 and 21 d separately. Specimens were studied by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy at 5, 10, 21 and 35 d. Results: Early repair of the tendon graft of the left middle toes was made by proliferation and ingrowth of the epitenon cells intermingled with newly formed collagen fibers. A gliding surface formed at 10 and 21 d. The tendon graft itself played an active role in the repair. In contrast, adhesions obliterated the surface and occupied the space between the tendon graft and surrounding tissues in the right middle toes. Conclusions: It indicates that the use of the segmental bridge tendon graft in no mans land coupled with early passive motion stimulates an intrisic repair process in both the tendon stump and the autogenous tendon graft and results in a functional healing.
