Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons,motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parkinson’s disease is chara cterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars com pacta,and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms,no treatment can cure or reve rse the disease itself.Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns,a lower risk of immune rejection,and a lower risk of teratogenicity.We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function,memory,and preservation of dopamine rgic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease animal model.We searched bibliographic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE,Embase,CENTRAL,Scopus,and Web of Science)to identify articles and included only pee r-reviewed in vivo interve ntional animal studies published in any language through J une 28,2023.The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95%confidence intervals(CI)of the standard mean differences(SMD)between the treatment and control groups.We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal expe rimentation’s risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment.A total of 33studies with data from 840 Parkinson’s disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis.Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test.Among the stem cell types,the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed la rgest effect size(SMD[95%CI]=-6.21[-9.50 to-2.93],P=0.0001,I^(2)=0.0%).The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopamine rgic neurons in the striatum([95%CI]=1.04[0.59 to 1.49],P=0.0001,I^(2)=65.1%)and substantia nigra(SMD[95%CI]=1.38[0.89 to 1.87],P=0.0001,I^(2)=75.3%),indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons.Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route(SMD[95%CI]=-2.59[-3.25 to-1.94],P=0.0001,I^(2)=74.4%).The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route(SMD[95%CI]=4.80[1.84 to 7.76],P=0.027,I^(2)=79.6%).Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson’s disease.Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types,modifications,transplanted cell numbe rs,and delivery methods for these protocols.

Cell reprogramming therapy for Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is typically characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.Many studies have been performed based on the supplementation of lost dopaminergic neurons to treat Parkinson’s disease.The initial strategy for cell replacement therapy used human fetal ventral midbrain and human embryonic stem cells to treat Parkinson’s disease,which could substantially alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease in clinical practice.However,ethical issues and tumor formation were limitations of its clinical application.Induced pluripotent stem cells can be acquired without sacrificing human embryos,which eliminates the huge ethical barriers of human stem cell therapy.Another widely considered neuronal regeneration strategy is to directly reprogram fibroblasts and astrocytes into neurons,without the need for intermediate proliferation states,thus avoiding issues of immune rejection and tumor formation.Both induced pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming of lineage cells have shown promising results in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.However,there are also ethical concerns and the risk of tumor formation that need to be addressed.This review highlights the current application status of cell reprogramming in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease,focusing on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells in cell replacement therapy,including preclinical animal models and progress in clinical research.The review also discusses the advancements in direct reprogramming of lineage cells in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease,as well as the controversy surrounding in vivo reprogramming.These findings suggest that cell reprogramming may hold great promise as a potential strategy for treating Parkinson’s disease.

Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease: Applications, evaluation, and perspectives

Although great advances in elucidating the molecular basis and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have been made and multifarious novel therapeutic approaches have been developed,AD remains an incurable disease.Evidence shows that AD neuropathology occurs decades before clinical presentation.AD is divided into three stages:preclinical stage,mild cognitive impairment(MCI),and AD dementia.In the natural world,some animals,such as non-human primates(NHPs)and canines,can develop spontaneous AD-like dementia.However,most animals do not develop AD.With the development of transgenic techniques,both invertebrate and vertebrate animals have been employed to uncover the mechanisms of AD and study treatment methods.Most AD research focuses on early-onset familial AD(FAD)because FAD is associated with specific genetic mutations.However,there are no well-established late-onset sporadic AD(SAD)animal models because SAD is not directly linked to any genetic mutation,and multiple environmental factors are involved.Moreover,the widely used animal models are not able to sufficiently recapitulate the pathological events that occur in the MCI or preclinical stages.This review summarizes the common models used to study AD,from yeast to NHP models,and discusses the different applications,evaluation methods,and challenges related to AD animal models,as well as prospects for the evolution of future studies.

Amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Alzheimer's disease

The most common age-related neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease(AD) characterized by aggregated amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,together with loss of cholinergic neurons,synaptic alterations,and chronic inflammation within the brain.These lead to progressive impairment of cognitive function.There is evidence of innate immune activation in AD with microgliosis.Classically-activated microglia(M1 state) secrete inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators,and peripheral immune cells are recruited to inflammation sites in the brain.The few drugs approved by the US FDA for the treatment of AD improve symptoms but do not change the course of disease progression and may cause some undesirable effects.Translation of active and passive immunotherapy targeting Aβ in AD animal model trials had limited success in clinical trials.Treatment with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents early in the disease process,while not preventive,is able to inhibit the inflammatory consequences of both Aβ and tau aggregation.The studies described in this review have identified several agents with immunomodulatory properties that alleviated AD pathology and cognitive impairment in animal models of AD.The majority of the animal studies reviewed had used transgenic models of early-onset AD.More effort needs to be given to creat models of late-onset AD.The effects of a combinational therapy involving two or more of the tested pharmaceutical agents,or one of these agents given in conjunction with one of the cell-based therapies,in an aged animal model of AD would warrant investigation.

Neuroprotection by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease（PD） is an age-related neurodegenerative disease for which the characteristic motor symptoms emerge after an extensive loss of dopamine containing neurons.The cell bodies of these neurons are present in the substantia nigra,with the nerve terminals being in the striatum.Both innate and adaptive immune responses may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration and disease progression is potentially linked to these.Studies in the last twenty years have indicated an important role for neuroinflammation in PD through degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.Characteristic of neuroinflammation is the activation of brain glial cells,principally microglia and astrocytes that release various soluble factors.Many of these factors are proinflammatory and neurotoxic and harmful to nigral dopaminergic neurons.Recent studies have identified several different agents with immunomodulatory properties that protected dopaminergic neurons from degeneration and death in animal models of PD.All of the agents were effective in reducing the motor deficit and alleviating dopaminergic neurotoxicity and,when measured,preventing the decrease of dopamine upon being administered therapeutically after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,6-hydroxydopamine,rotenone-lesioning or delivery of adeno-associated virus-α-synuclein to the ventral midbrain of animals.Some of these agents were shown to exert an anti-inflammatory action,decrease oxidative stress,and reduce lipid peroxidation products.Activation of microglia and astrocytes was also decreased,as well as infiltration of T cells into the substantia nigra.Pretreatment with fingolimod,tanshinoine I,dimethyl fumarate,thalidomide,or cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide as a preventive strategy ameliorated motor deficits and nigral dopaminergic neurotoxicity in brain-lesioned animals.Immunomodulatory agents could be used to treat patients with early clinical signs of the disease or potentially even prior to disease onset in those identified as having pre-disposing risk,including genetic factors.

Altered microRNA expression in animal models of Huntington’s disease and potential therapeutic strategies

A review of recent animal models of Huntington’s disease showed many microRNAs had altered expression levels in the striatum and cerebral cortex,and which were mostly downregulated.Among the altered microRNAs were miR-9/9*,miR-29b,miR-124a,miR-132,miR-128,miR-139,miR-122,miR-138,miR-23b,miR-135b,miR-181(all downregulated)and miR-448(upregulated),and similar changes had been previously found in Huntington’s disease patients.In the animal cell studies,the altered microRNAs included miR-9,miR-9*,miR-135b,miR-222(all downregulated)and miR-214(upregulated).In the animal models,overexpression of miR-155 and miR-196a caused a decrease in mutant huntingtin mRNA and protein level,lowered the mutant huntingtin aggregates in striatum and cortex,and improved performance in behavioral tests.Improved performance in behavioral tests also occurred with overexpression of miR-132 and miR-124.In the animal cell models,overexpression of miR-22 increased the viability of rat primary cortical and striatal neurons infected with mutant huntingtin and decreased huntingtin-enriched foci of≥2μm.Also,overexpression of miR-22 enhanced the survival of rat primary striatal neurons treated with 3-nitropropionic acid.Exogenous expression of miR-214,miR-146a,miR-150,and miR-125b decreased endogenous expression of huntingtin mRNA and protein in HdhQ111/HdhQ111 cells.Further studies with animal models of Huntington’s disease are warranted to validate these findings and identify specific microRNAs whose overexpression inhibits the production of mutant huntingtin protein and other harmful processes and may provide a more effective means of treating Huntington’s disease in patients and slowing its progression.

Effect of bowel rehabilitative therapy on structural adaptation of remnant small intestine: animal experiment

AIM: To investigate the individual and the combined effects of glutamine, dietary fiber, and growth hormone on the structural adaptation of the remnant small bowel. METHODS: Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 85% mid-small bowel resection and received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support during the first three postoperational days.From the 4th postoperational day, animals were randomly assigned to receive 7 different treatments for 8 days: TPNcon group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g x L(-1) glycine perfusion; TPN+Gln group, receiving TPN and enteral 20 g x L(-1) glutamine perfusion; ENcon group, receiving enteral nutrition (EN) fortified with 20 g x L(-1) glycine; EN+Gln group, enteral nutrition fortified with 20 g x L(-1) glutamine; EN+Fib group, enteral nutrition and 2 g x d(-1) oral soybean fiber; EN+GH group, enteral nutrition and subcutaneous growth hormone (GH) (0.3 IU) injection twice daily; and ENint group, glutamine-enriched EN, oral soybean fiber, and subcutaneous GH injection. RESULTS: Enteral glutamine perfusion during TPN increased the small intestinal villus height (jejunal villus height 250 microm +/- 29 microm in TPNcon vs 330 microm +/- 54 microm in TPN+Gln, ileal villus height 260 microm +/- 28 microm in TPNcon vs 330 microm +/- 22 microm in TPN+Gln, P【0.05) and mucosa thickness (jejunal mucosa thickness 360 microm +/- 32 microm in TPNcon vs 460 microm +/- 65 microm in TPN+Gln, ileal mucosa thickness 400 microm +/- 25 microm in TPNcon vs 490 microm +/- 11 microm in TPN+Gln,P【 0.05) in comparison with the TPNcon group. Either fiber supplementation or GH administration improved body mass gain (end body weight 270 g +/- 3.6g in EN+Fib, 265.7 g +/- 3.3 g in EN+GH, vs 257 g +/- 3.3 g in ENcon, P【 0.05), elevated plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) level (880 microg x L(-1). 52 microg x L-(-1) in EN+Fib,1200 microg x L(-1). 96 microg x L-(-1) in EN +/- GH, vs 620 microg x L(-1).43 microg x L-(-1) in ENcon, P【 0.05), and increased the villus height (jejunum 560 microm +/- 44 microm in EN +/- Fib, 530 microm +/- 30 microm in EN +/- GH, vs 450 microm +/- 44 microm in ENcon, ileum 400 microm +/- 30 microm in EN+Fib, P【0.05) and the mucosa thickness (jejunum 740 microm +/- 66 microm in EN +/- Fib, 705 microm +/- 27 microm in EN +/- GH, vs 608 microm +/- 58 microm in ENcon, ileum 570 microm +/- 27 microm in EN +/- Fib, 560 microm +/- 56 microm in remnant jejunum and ileum. Glutamine-enriched EN produced little effect in body mass, plasma IGF-I level, and remnant small bowel mucosal structure. The ENint group had greater body mass (280 g +/- 2.2g), plasma IGF-I level (1450 microg x L(-1). 137 microg x L-(-1)), and villus height (jejunum 620 microm +/- 56 microm, ileum 450 microm +/- 31 microm) and mucosal thickness (jejunum 800 microm +/- 52 microm, ileum 633 microm +/- 33 microm) than those in ENcon, EN+Gln (jejunum villus height and mucosa thickness 450 microm +/- 47 microm and 610 +/- 63 microm, ileum villus height and mucosa thickness 330 microm +/- 39 microm and 500 microm +/- 52 microm), EN+GH groups (P【0.05), and than those in EN+Fib group although no statistical significance was attained. CONCLUSION: Both dietary fiber and GH when used separately can enhance the postresectional small bowel structural adaptation. Simultaneous use of these two gut-trophic factors can produce synergistic effects on small bowel structural adaptation. Enteral glutamine perfusion is beneficial in preserving small bowel mucosal structure during TPN, but has little beneficial effect during EN.

Rotating magnetic field inhibits Aβ protein aggregation and alleviates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mice

Amyloid beta(Aβ)monomers aggregate to form fibrils and amyloid plaques,which are critical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Given the important role of Aβ1-42 aggregation in plaque formation,leading to brain lesions and cognitive impairment,numerous studies have aimed to reduce Aβaggregation and slow AD progression.The diphenylalanine(FF)sequence is critical for amyloid aggregation,and magnetic fields can affect peptide alignment due to the diamagnetic anisotropy of aromatic rings.In this study,we examined the effects of a moderate-intensity rotating magnetic field(RMF)on Aβaggregation and AD pathogenesis.Results indicated that the RMF directly inhibited Aβamyloid fibril formation and reduced Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neural cells in vitro.Using the AD mouse model APP/PS1,RMF restored motor abilities to healthy control levels and significantly alleviated cognitive impairments,including exploration and spatial and non-spatial memory abilities.Tissue examinations demonstrated that RMF reduced amyloid plaque accumulation,attenuated microglial activation,and reduced oxidative stress in the APP/PS1 mouse brain.These findings suggest that RMF holds considerable potential as a non-invasive,high-penetration physical approach for AD treatment.

Analysis of T.S.Eliot's The Waste Land from the Discourse of Animality

T.S.Eliot's works have the didactic purpose of turning his readers away from what he considered the selfindulgence of the Romantics and toward the sterner splendors of Elizabethan drama and the 17th-century metaphysical poetry.Associated with the rise of literary modernism,he was established as the voice of a disillusioned generation by The Waste Land(1922).Especially,Eliot's description of the discourse of animality received highly artistic effect on the aspect of expressing his "impersonal theory".The discourse of animality in The Waste Land in plenty,thus,it made the author's expressive force more vivid.Furthermore,various imagos of different animals drew a mythical picture of modern waste land.So that,Eliot's The Waste Land also has the epic signification.

It's a Math World for Animals(3)

Oneinterestingfollow-upstudywouldbetodoasimilarexperimentwithpeopleofdifferentages,Pen-ningssays.Resultsmightshowaninnateabilitytodomaththatgetsbetterorworseaspeoplegrowupandgotoschool.

China's Space Animal Experiments Obtained Achievements

Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours

Orthotopic transplantation model of human gastrointestinal cancer and detection of micrometastases

AIM: To establish a relevant animal model of human gastrointestinal cancer, which can be used for repetitive investigations, so as to improve our understanding and management of carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis. METHODS: Intact tissues of human colorectal and pancreatic cancers were transplanted in nude mice. The biological characteristics of the original and the corresponding transplanted tumors were investigated by HE staining, PAS staining and immunostaining. The metastases in the livers and lungs of nude mice were investigated by immunostaining with biotinylated mab KL-1 and by RT-PCR using CK20 specific primers. RESULTS: There were totally 9 of 16 surgical specimens growing in nude mice subcutaneously and/or orthotopically (4 of 6 colorectal and 5 of 10 pancreatic cancer). Tumor cell content of the specimens and freezing of tissue specimens are important factors influencing the growth of transplanted tumor. In the group of fresh tumor tissues with greater than 50% tumor cell content, the success rate of the transplantation was 100% (3 cases of pancreatic cancer and 3 cases of colorectal cancer). The orthotopically trans-planted tumors resemble the original tumor morphologically and biologically, including TAA expression such as CEA by immunohistochemistry, and CEA level in the serum of mice. Ki-67 labeling index and the expression of TAA especially K-ras, 17-1A and RA-96, are associated with the potential of tumor growth in nude mice. Micrometastases in the lungs and livers of tumor bearing mice can be detected by immunostaining with biotinylated mab KL-1 and CK20-specific RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: An orthotopic transplantation model for human colon and pancreatic cancer in nude mice has been set up. We have also established sensitive detection methods with CK-immunohistochemistry and CK20-RT-PCR to study xenotransplanted human cancer and its metastatic cancer cells in the liver and lung of nude mice. This study may be helpful in understanding the mechanism of cancer metastasis and in developing new diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for metastases including micrometastases.

梓醇-川芎嗪方干预APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的作用机制研究

目的:探究梓醇-川芎嗪方干预APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的作用机制。方法:将3月龄C57BL/6J野生型小鼠为对照组(control组),构建阿尔茨海默病模型后,将同月龄APPswe/PS1dE9双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组(model组)、梓醇-川芎嗪方低剂量组(CT-L组)、梓醇-川芎嗪方中剂量组(CT-M组)、梓醇-川芎嗪方高剂量(CT-H组)、安理申组,对照组及模型组均给予生理盐水灌胃,各用药组以相应药物灌胃,每日灌胃1次,连续8周。对各组小鼠进行行为学观察,检测各组小鼠海马组织乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)及血清中β淀粉样蛋白42(Aβ42)。结果:行为学观察:与model组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组长时程学习和参考记忆能力、自主探究能力、情景识别记忆能力、短期工作记忆能力、条件恐惧记忆能力,缓解焦虑、抑郁状态等7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.01);与CT-L组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.05或P<0.01);与CT-M组比较,CT-H组7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.05);与Arceipt组比较,CT-H组7项行为学指标均明显好转(P<0.05)。生化检测方面:与model组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高,AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与CT-L组比较,CT-M组、CT-H组、Arceipt组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高,AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);与CT-M组比较,CT-H组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高(P<0.05),AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低(P<0.05);与Arceipt组比较,CT-H组海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平均升高(P<0.05),AChE活性、iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平及血清Aβ42水平均降低(P<0.05)。结论:梓醇-川芎嗪方可以改善阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的长时程学习和参考记忆能力、自主探究能力、情景识别记忆能力、短期工作记忆能力、条件恐惧记忆能力,缓解焦虑、抑郁状态,且其效应呈剂量依赖性,高剂量梓醇-川芎嗪方优于安理申。其作用机制可能与提高海马组织SOD、GSH-Px水平,降低AChE活性及iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA、Aβ42水平有关。

Topical Therapy of Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Zinc Sulphate Solution 25% versus Podophyllin Solution 25%

Background: Zinc sulphate as intralesional and oral therapy was used as a successful therapy in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis while 25% topical podophyllin is now commonly used in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Objective: To treat acute cutaneous leishmaniasis using topical zinc sulphate solution 25% to be compared with topical podophyllin solution 25%. Patients and Methods: This is a single, blind, interventional, comparative study done in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from January 2015 to June 2015. Forty patients with a total 88 lesions of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis were enrolled in this study;54 (61.36%) were dry lesions and 34 (38.6%) were ulcerative type. The duration of lesions ranged from 2 - 11 (7.7 + 2.483) weeks. The size of the lesions ranged from 0.3 to 8 (2.13 ± 1.53) cm. There were 21 females and 19 males, female to male ratio (1.1:1) and their ages ranged from 1 to 60 (25.92 ± 16.59) years. Diagnosis was confirmed by tissue smear and histopathology. Lesions were divided into two groups with matching types and sizes, and ??scored according to Sharquie modified Leishmania score to assess the objective response to the topical or systemic therapy and then during follow up responses were graded into mild, moderate, marked response and complete clearance. Group A treated with topical 25% podophyllin solution once weekly for a maximum of 6 weeks, while group B was treated with topical 25% zinc sulphate solution twice daily for 6 weeks. Follow up was every 2 weeks during therapy, and once monthly for 3 months after therapy. Results: A total of 40 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis were included in this study, with a total of 88 lesions. Fifteen (37.50%) patients had single lesion and 25 (62.50%) patients had multiple lesions. Family history of CL was positive in 42.5% of patients. At the end of six weeks after starting therapy, the total cure rate in patients treated by topical podophyllin (both marked and complete responses) was seen in 32 (82%) lesions, while the cure rate in patients treated by topical zinc sulphate was in 36 (73.4%) lesions. There was no statistical significant difference between the cure rates of both groups. No important local or systemic side effects were seen in any patients. Conclusion: Topical zinc sulphate 25% is an effective simple non-invasive non-costly safe topical therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis and without any contraindications for its use and free of side effects and was as effective as topical podophyllin.

The Status Quo of Topics Choosing in English Majors＇ Academic Writings—— A Case Study of CUPL Junior English Majors

Academic writings, whether they are BA dissertations or semester papers, are important carriers of one＇s ideas and findings of their own study and research spheres. In academic papers, the most important part is the choice of topics which determines the macro direction of the paper. Important as it is, it is difficult for the English majors to choose the most appropriate topics with idea-invested thesis statements instead of some factual statements. Therefore, in order to make clear of the status quo and underlying obstacles of topic choosing, this paper is to study on 98 samples from China University of Political Science and Law＇s junior English majors. By observing and analyzing their writings, the paper intends to fred out some possible and accessible methods to improve English majors＇ academic writing and offer some insights for teachers to make some adjustments in accordance with the status quo.

我国科技评价政策主题的演化趋势

旨在分析我国科技评价政策主题演化趋势,以进一步优化我国科技评价体系。此次共纳入114篇政策文件,将时间跨度划分为4个阶段,运用动态主题模型(DTM)挖掘政策主题的分布特征,引入Hellinger距离分析主题演化趋势。研究结果表明:科技评价政策主题聚焦在9个方面,随着科技评价制度的完善,科技评价政策主题更加多元化;科技监督与治理、人才评价和科技绩效评价的主题强度呈现明显上升趋势;政策主题的演化方向和时代背景密切相关,呈现强延续性、强衍生性的特点,且上述主题强度上升的领域有望成为未来科技评价工作的重点。

视网膜S抗原在不同动物诱发的实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎

本研究从牛视网膜提纯了S抗原,将其兔疫Hartley豚鼠、SD大鼠和Lewis大鼠,诱发的实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜视网膜炎(EAU)。但其发生率、临床及组织学表现则有很大不同。根据本文的结果及文献报道的结果,作者就其差异的原因及与人类葡萄膜视网膜炎的关联性等方面进行了有关讨论。

基于B/S模式的毕业设计管理系统开发与实现

毕业设计是对学生四年所学知识的综合分析和综合运用能力的检验,也是对本科生教学水平的检验。由于传统的毕业设计管理存在着选题效率低、过程跟踪、指导不及时的弊病,因此,结合吉林建筑工程学院计算机学院本科生毕业设计,采用JSP技术,开发B/S模式的毕业设计管理信息系统,为师生提供了一个信息交流的平台,实现了从选题、指导到过程跟踪的动态管理,提高了教学管理质量。本设计在计算机学院2009届毕业设计中进行了试验,实现了预期目标。

快速制备鼻腔给予LPS诱导帕金森病动物模型及评价

目的:经鼻腔途径给予脂多糖(LPS)可诱导帕金森病(PD)动物模型,但模型的建立需5个月之久。本课题旨在探讨一个快速建立PD模型的方法。方法:C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组和LPS模型组,每组9只。LPS模型组小鼠通过鼻腔滴入LPS(3 mg/kg),每侧鼻孔滴10μl,每3 d一次,连续7周,共计16次,对照组鼻腔滴入等体积生理盐水。7周后通过行为学实验检测小鼠运动能力,免疫荧光染色检测黑质多巴胺能神经元,Western blot检测黑质酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、α-突触核蛋白的表达,HPLC检测黑质神经递质(多巴胺、3,4-二羟基苯乙酸、高香草酸、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺、5-羟吲哚乙酸)含量。结果:与对照组相比,LPS模型组小鼠运动能力明显下降,黑质多巴胺能神经元数量明显减少,黑质TH表达明显降低、α-突触核蛋白的表达显著增加,黑质神经递质含量明显减少。结论:本研究通过增加每次LPS经鼻腔给药剂量、减少给药次数,建立了符合行为学及病理学特征的PD小鼠模型,并将制备过程减为7周,可明显缩短PD发病机制、治疗策略及治疗效果的研究周期。

基于B/S结构的三维装配动画

提出了在零件三维轻量化模型基础上实现B/S结构装配动画解决方案,通过三维设计模型轻量化,降低零件的大小,方便文件网络传输,三维动画数据利用零件的装配位置和爆炸位置作为动画的关键帧,交互编辑定义零件的装配动画.以此为基础开发了三维动画演示控件,利用该控件可直接在IE浏览器中显示零件的装配动画.