Standardization of experimental animals temporal bone sections

Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structures of interest without a commonly accepted standardized measure of temporal bone sections. Therefore, standardization of temporal bone sections is very important for histological assessment of sensory hair cells and peripheral ganglion neurons in the cochlear and vestibular systems. The standardized temporal bone sectioning is oriented to a plane parallel to the outer and internal auditory canals. Sections are collected from the epitympanum to the hypotympanum to reveal layers in the order of the crista ampullaris of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, macula utriculi and macula sacculi, superior vestibular ganglion neurons, macula of saccule and inferior vestibular ganglion neurons, cochlear modiolus, endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac, and finally the crista ampullaris of the posterior semicircular canal. Moreover, technical details of preparing for temporal bone sectioning including fixation, decalcification, whole temporal bone staining, embedding penetration, and embedding orientation are also discussed.

DNA Damage after Ozone-Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Animals： Experimental Research

Objectives： To assess the genotoxic effect of a new antitumor ozone-photodynamic therapy using the improvedmodification of the COMET assay. Methods： Xenograft cancer models on 58 rats were used. The sarcoma RA was transplantedsubcutaneously, and after increasing of tumor volume from 0.5 to 4.2 cm3, rats were divided into the four groups： ＂Intact＂--healthy,＂Control＂--with xenografted tumors and no treatment, ＂PDT＂--the rats treated with the photodynamic therapy, ＂PDT ＋ozone＂--the rats were treated with both photodynamic therapy and injections of ozonated saline solution. The toxicity of treatmentwas assessed by DNA damage in leukocytes using the new modification of the COMET assay. The analysis of the ＂COMETs＂ wasperformed following the percentage of DNA in the tail of the ＂COMET＂ （% TDNA）. Results： A combination of PDT and ozonemakes the strongest negative impact on tumor growth. The tumor growth inhibition is associated with low genotoxic exposure ofozone-photodynamic therapy on whole blood leukocytes of cancer rats. Conclusions： A new modification of the COMET assay canprovide the assessment of the genotoxic effect of the antitumor therapy in experimental neoplasia.

An experimental proposal for low order laboratory animals’ extension of metabolic life

Essential bibliography, with therein references included, is presented owing to the contribution of the author groups to Mitochondrial Filamentation, which is a new emerging field of physiological energy metabolism. These studies provide the first seed concept for trials to extend the metabolic life, for a few days, in low order laboratory mammals killed by electrocution, as a first type of accidental death. It is proposed, essentially, to cool out the corpses very soon after death at 12oC-14oC and take advantage of the effect super magnetism to counteract the force of gravity to install a net recurrent cycle of oxygen consumption and oxygen production by filamented mitochondria in all the organism tissues. Once the cause of death had been corrected adequately, it is possible to try the reanimation to experience the full life of the corpse with highly sophisticated methodology.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on nerve impairment recovery of animals after organophosphorus:an experimental study

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbarci oxygen(HBO) on recovery of nerves injury in rats suffered from acute organophosphorus poisoning. Method We established organophosphorus poisoning models and observed effect of HBO on recovery of injure nerves. Results Compared with control group, cerebrospinal fluid induced peak potential and incubation period in HBO group were significantly recovered(P<0.05).HBO could accelerated repair of injured nerves. Conclusion HBO could relieve injury of nerves during treatment of organophosphorus poisoning.

Jungle Animals

A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.

Aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders:progress of experimental models based on disease pathogenesis

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are neuroinflammatory demyelinating disorders that lead to permanent visual loss and motor dysfunction.To date,no effective treatment exists as the exact causative mechanism remains unknown.Therefore,experimental models of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are essential for exploring its pathogenesis and in screening for therapeutic targets.Since most patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are seropositive for IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4,which is highly expressed on the membrane of astrocyte endfeet,most current experimental models are based on aquaporin-4-IgG that initially targets astrocytes.These experimental models have successfully simulated many pathological features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,such as aquaporin-4 loss,astrocytopathy,granulocyte and macrophage infiltration,complement activation,demyelination,and neuronal loss;however,they do not fully capture the pathological process of human neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.In this review,we summarize the currently known pathogenic mechanisms and the development of associated experimental models in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,suggest potential pathogenic mechanisms for further investigation,and provide guidance on experimental model choices.In addition,this review summarizes the latest information on pathologies and therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders based on experimental models of aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,offering further therapeutic targets and a theoretical basis for clinical trials.

Isoproterenol mechanisms in inducing myocardial fibrosis and its application as an experimental model for the evaluation of therapeutic potential of phytochemicals and pharmaceuticals

Cardiac injury initiates repair mechanisms and results in cardiac remodeling and fi-brosis,which appears to be a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases.Cardiac fi-brosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins,mainly collagen in the cardiac interstitium.Many experimental studies have demonstrated that fibrotic injury in the heart is reversible;therefore,it is vital to understand differ-ent molecular mechanisms that are involved in the initiation,progression,and resolu-tion of cardiac fibrosis to enable the development of antifibrotic agents.Of the many experimental models,one of the recent models that has gained renewed interest is isoproterenol(ISP)-induced cardiac fibrosis.ISP is a synthetic catecholamine,sympa-thomimetic,and nonselectiveβ-adrenergic receptor agonist.The overstimulated and sustained activation ofβ-adrenergic receptors has been reported to induce biochemi-cal and physiological alterations and ultimately result in cardiac remodeling.ISP has been used for decades to induce acute myocardial infarction.However,the use of low doses and chronic administration of ISP have been shown to induce cardiac fibrosis;this practice has increased in recent years.Intraperitoneal or subcutaneous ISP has been widely used in preclinical studies to induce cardiac remodeling manifested by fibrosis and hypertrophy.The induced oxidative stress with subsequent perturbations in cellular signaling cascades through triggering the release of free radicals is consid-ered the initiating mechanism of myocardial fibrosis.ISP is consistently used to induce fibrosis in laboratory animals and in cardiomyocytes isolated from animals.In recent years,numerous phytochemicals and synthetic molecules have been evaluated in ISP-induced cardiac fibrosis.The present review exclusively provides a comprehensive summary of the pathological biochemical,histological,and molecular mechanisms of ISP in inducing cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.It also summarizes the application of this experimental model in the therapeutic evaluation of natural as well as syn-thetic compounds to demonstrate their potential in mitigating myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy.

Unwanted disorders and xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease in experimental immunodeficient mice:How to evaluate and how to report

Human-derived tumor models are essential for preclinical development of new anti-cancer drug entities.Generating animal models bearing tumors of human origin,such as patient-derived or cell line-derived xenograft tumors,is dependent on immuno-deficient strains.Tumor-bearing immunodeficient mice are susceptible to develop-ing unwanted disorders primarily irrelevant to the tumor nature;and if get involved with such disorders,reliability of the study results will be undermined,inevitably con-founding the research in general.Therefore,a rigorous health surveillance and clinical monitoring system,along with the establishment of a strictly controlled barrier facility to maintain a pathogen-free state,are mandatory.Even if all pathogen control and biosafety measures are followed,there are various noninfectious disorders capable of causing tissue and multiorgan damage in immunodeficient animals.Therefore,the re-searchers should be aware of sentinel signs to carefully monitor and impartially report them.This review discusses clinical signs of common unwanted disorders in experi-mental immunodeficient mice,and how to examine and report them.

Undergraduate Experimental Teaching Platform for Intelligent Limb Rehabilitation Training Based on "Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Crossing"

In view of the key role of undergraduate experimental teaching reform in cultivating high-quality talents with both innovative spirit and practical ability,this paper deeply discusses multi-dimensional reform strategies.Specifically,the teaching mode of"double teachers for every student"is innovatively introduced,and scientific research projects are deeply integrated into undergraduate experimental teaching,aiming at realizing the modern development of teaching content and the diversified expansion of teaching methods.By designing and applying the undergraduate experimental teaching platform for intelligent limb rehabilitation training based on the concept of"medical-engineering interdisciplinary crossing",it not only builds a bridge for students to contact cutting-edge scientific research and strengthen practical skills,but also provides valuable ideas and practical models for the innovation of undergraduate experimental teaching.In the future,with the continuous optimization and upgrading of platform functions,it is expected to provide students with a richer and richer learning experience and comprehensively promote students'overall quality.

Application and Practice of Knowledge Graph in Experimental Teaching in Colleges and Universities

With the reform of experimental teaching in colleges and universities,the teaching mode of"experimental students as the main body,experimental teachers as the guide"needs to constantly explore new experimental teaching methods.In this paper,knowledge graph is integrated into the experiment of mechanical principle to guide undergraduates to use knowledge graph to analyze and summarize independently in experimental teaching activities,aiming at cultivating undergraduates interest in learning and innovative thinking,so as to improve the quality of experimental teaching.This study has a certain reference significance for experimental teaching in colleges and universities.

Optimization of Center of Gravity Position and Anti-Wave Plate Angle of Amphibious Unmanned Vehicle Based on Orthogonal Experimental Method

When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navigation resistance of amphibious vehicles by adjusting the angle of the anti-wave plate,there is a lack of scientific selection of parameters and reasonable research of simulation results by using mathematical methods,and the influence of the center of gravity position on navigation characteristics is not considered at the same time.To study the influence of the combinations of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity on the resistance reduction characteristics,a numerical calculation model of the amphibious unmanned vehicle was established by using the theory of computational fluid dynamics,and the experimental data verified the correctness of the numerical model.Based on this numerical model,the navigation characteristics of the amphibious unmanned vehicle were studied when the center of gravity was located at different positions,and the orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the parameters of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity.The results show that through the parameter optimization analysis based on the orthogonal experimental method,the combination of the optimal angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity is obtained.And the numerical simulation result of resistance is consistent with the predicted optimal solution.Compared with the maximum navigational resistance,the parameter optimization reduces the navigational resistance of the amphibious unmanned vehicle by 24%.

Exploration and Practice of the"One-Student-Two-Tutors"Community through Integrating"1+3 Teaching Resources"into Undergraduate Experimental Teaching

This study closely follows the spirit of the first class undergraduate education action plan(2021-2025)of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,combines with the national first-class undergraduate professional training plan of mechanical design and manufacturing and automation,and carries out the exploration and practice of"1+3 teaching resources"integrating into the"One-Student-Two-Tutors"community of undergraduate experimental teaching.On the basis of creating a good learning environment and creating an excellent learning platform,this paper studies the undergraduate experimental teaching of the trinity of"theoretical courses+experimental courses+innovation and entrepreneurship activities,discipline competitions,and scientific research project activities".This study has a certain reference value for colleges and universities to cultivate outstanding engineering talents with happy learning attitude,scientific research interest,practical ability and innovative ability.

A Train Adventure of Wild Animals

An empty goods train was speedingthrough a jungle. Up front, in the engire,was the driver and at the back, in the lastcompartment, was the guard, Apart fromthem, the entire train was empty.A goods train carries goods like logs ofwood, or boxes of chocolate and even carsand jeeps. But this train had been carryingcoal, After unloading all the coal, the emptytrain was going back to get more coal.

Research on the Application of Virtual Simulation Experimental Teaching in the Securities Investment Course

With the rapid development of information technology and the increasing complexity of the financial market,the teaching methods and means of the Securities Investment course in universities are facing new challenges and opportunities.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application and construction path of virtual simulation experimental teaching in the Securities Investment course.Firstly,it analyses the problems existing in the teaching of traditional securities investment courses,such as the disconnection between theory and practice and the single teaching mode.In order to solve these problems,this paper puts forward the necessity of introducing virtual simulation experimental teaching and details the specific application path of virtual simulation experimental teaching in the Securities Investment course.

Exploration of Ideological and Political Education in Veterinary Microbiology Experimental Technology

The veterinary microbiology experimental course plays a key role in education and practice,integrating“knowledge,skills,and qualities”into the talent cultivation program.The syllabus has been revised to emphasize the course’s ideological and political education objectives.The extraction of ideological and political elements focuses on developing a curriculum that includes ideological and political teaching materials and cases,ensuring coherence across classroom teaching,social practice,and online courses.By organically integrating ideological and political elements within stories,along with professional knowledge,operational skills,and social practice,the course aims to enhance the appeal and effectiveness of ideological and political education in the experimental course.

Construction and Development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Drama and Film and Television Disciplines

Taking the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of the Central Academy of Drama as an example,this article explores the construction and development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for the practical teaching of drama and film and television disciplines.The article first introduces the background and importance of the demonstration center and then analyzes in depth the construction content and achievements of the demonstration center from four aspects:practical teaching philosophy,practical teaching system,practical teaching resources,and practical teaching effects.Finally,the article summarizes the experience and shortcomings of the demonstration center and proposes future development directions and suggestions.

Occurrence of microcystins in water,sediment,and aquatic animals in Dau Tieng Reservoir,Vietnam

This study investigates the variations of microcystins(MCs)in water,cyanobacterial blooms,sediment,and aquatic organisms collected from the Dau Tieng Reservoir(DTR).Vietnam.Highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was employed to measure MC concentrations in various target samples.Results indicate that Microcystis spp.dominates as the primary MC producer in the DTR.The average concentrations of analyzed MCs in surface water ranged from 1.10 to 5.54μg/L,temporally and spatially.In sediment,average concentrations varied from 0.15 to 1.13μg/g wet weight(WW)temporally and from 0.41 to 0.72μg/g WW spatially.MCs were detected in different organs of fish species(Oreochromis sp.and Labiobarbus sp.)and in the entire soft tissues of bivalve(Corbicula sp.)and gastropod(Assiminea sp.).The highest observed MC concentration in July was 0.83±0.22μg/g WW in the intestines of fish Oreochromis sp.The presence of MCs in grass shrimp Palaemonetes sp.was observed solely in June,reaching a concentration of 0.28±0.19μg/g WW.This is the first report of MC accumulation in the grass shrimp Palaemonetes sp.during field collection.For the bivalve Corbicula sp.,the presence of analyzed MCs was consistent throughout the study period,except for March and September,with the highest concentrations in July at 0.77±0.1μg/g WW.Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between MCs in water and sediment with MC concentrations in aquatic animals,indicating the potential transfer of MCs across different trophic levels.The estimated daily intake values for analyzed MCs indicate that fish collected from the DTR are considered safe for consumption,as long as only the edible organs,such as the muscle,are consumed.However,bivalves or gastropods collected from the DTR are not safe for human consumption.This study underscored the importance of monitoring MC accumulation in aquatic animals used as food to mitigate adverse effects on human health.

Network pharmacology study and in vitro experimental validation of Xiaojianzhong decoction against gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most serious threats to human health worldwide.Conventional treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy are associated with some drawbacks.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine treatment has been increasingly advocated by patients and attracted attention from clinicians,and has become an indispensable part of the comprehensive treatment for gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the mechanism of Xiaojianzhong decoction(XJZ)in the treatment of gastric cancer(GC)by utilizing network pharmacology and experimental validation,so as to provide a theoretical basis for later experimental research.METHODS We analyzed the mechanism and targets of XJZ in the treatment of GC through network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Subsequently,we verified the impact of XJZ treatment on the proliferative ability of GC cells through CCK-8,apoptosis,cell cycle,and clone formation assays.Additionally,we performed Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR to assess the protein and mRNA expression of the core proteins.RESULTS XJZ mainly regulates IL6,PTGS2,CCL2,MMP9,MMP2,HMOX1,and other target genes and pathways in cancer to treat GC.The inhibition of cell viability,the increase of apoptosis,the blockage of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase,and the inhibition of the ability of cell clone formation were observed in AGS and HGC-27 cells after XJZ treatment.In addition,XJZ induced a decrease in the mRNA expression of IL6,PTGS2,MMP9,MMP2,and CCL2,and an increase in the mRNA expression of HOMX1.XJZ significantly inhibited the expression of IL6,PTGS2,MMP9,MMP2,and CCL2 proteins and promoted the expression of the heme oxygenase-1 protein.CONCLUSION XJZ exerts therapeutic effects against GC through multiple components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways.Our findings provide a new idea and scientific basis for further research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of XJZ in the treatment of GC.

Fasudil-modified macrophages reduce inflammation and regulate the immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss caused by inflammatory cell activation and infiltration into the central nervous system.Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,a traditional experimental model of multiple sclerosis.This study investigated the effect of Fasudil on macrophages and examined the therapeutic potential of Fasudil-modified macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.We found that Fasudil induced the conversion of macrophages from the pro-inflammatory M1 type to the anti-inflammatory M2 type,as shown by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide,interleukin-12,and CD16/32 and increased expression of arginase-1,interleukin-10,CD14,and CD206,which was linked to inhibition of Rho kinase activity,decreased expression of toll-like receptors,nuclear factor-κB,and components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway,and generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Crucially,Fasudil-modified macrophages effectively decreased the impact of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,resulting in later onset of disease,lower symptom scores,less weight loss,and reduced demyelination compared with unmodified macrophages.In addition,Fasudil-modified macrophages decreased interleukin-17 expression on CD4^(+)T cells and CD16/32,inducible nitric oxide synthase,and interleukin-12 expression on F4/80^(+)macrophages,as well as increasing interleukin-10 expression on CD4^(+)T cells and arginase-1,CD206,and interleukin-10 expression on F4/80^(+)macrophages,which improved immune regulation and reduced inflammation.These findings suggest that Fasudil-modified macrophages may help treat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting the inflammatory response,thereby providing new insight into cell immunotherapy for multiple sclerosis.

Genome-edited rabbits:Unleashing the potential of a promising experimental animal model across diverse diseases

Animal models are extensively used in all aspects of biomedical research,with substantial contributions to our understanding of diseases,the development of pharmaceuticals,and the exploration of gene functions.The field of genome modification in rabbits has progressed slowly.However,recent advancements,particularly in CRISPR/Cas9-related technologies,have catalyzed the successful development of various genome-edited rabbit models to mimic diverse diseases,including cardiovascular disorders,immunodeficiencies,agingrelated ailments,neurological diseases,and ophthalmic pathologies.These models hold great promise in advancing biomedical research due to their closer physiological and biochemical resemblance to humans compared to mice.This review aims to summarize the novel gene-editing approaches currently available for rabbits and present the applications and prospects of such models in biomedicine,underscoring their impact and future potential in translational medicine.