Study on the Rapid Method to Predict Longevity of Controlled Release Fertilizer Coated by Water Soluble Resin

The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dissolving incubation and higher temperature leaching were used to study the patterns of the nutrient release of the CRFs. The correlation analysis between the days at 25℃ and the hours at 80℃ of Trincote 1 and Trincote 2 for the same cumulative release rates were conducted. Patterns of cumulative nutrient release curve followed one factor quadratic regression equation at each given temperatures, and each of relative coefficient was bigger than 0.995. As the temperature increased, nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The longevity of resin coated CRFs were predicted by use of both the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of release time needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25 and 80℃. There were only 0.3-6.9% relative errors between the tested longevity and predicted one. In conclusion, the longevity of resin coated CRFs could be predicted more quickly and precisely by use of the higher temperature short-term leaching method than that of the traditional differential release rate. The longevity of resin coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the higher temperature shortterm leaching method.

A New Method to Track Resin Flow Fronts in Mold Filling Simulation of RTM Process

A new method to track resin flow fronts, referred to as the topological interpolated method (TIM), which is based onfilling states and topological relations of adjacent nodes was proposed. An experiment on the mould filling process wasconducted. It was compared with exact solutions and the experimental results, and good agreements were observed.Numerical and experimental comparisons with the conventional contour mathod were also carried out, and it showedthat TIM could enhance the local accuracy of flow front solutions with respect to the contour method when mergingflow fronts and resin approaching the mold wall were involved.

ELECTRIC REGENERATION METHOD OF IONEXCHANGE RESIN IN THE MIXED BED

In this paper the self-regeneration process of the mixed resins consisting of cationand anion ion exchangers in the electrolialyser of the packed bed is analyzed and anelectric regeneration method is put forward to supply the desalinated water by mixedbed The electric regeneration technology is a new one used for regeneration of theexhausted ion exchangers in the mixed bed instead of the traditional regeneratingprocess by using acid and abc liquor Electric energy is consumed to regenerat theion exchangers loaded by salts from water treatment without any chemicals- acid alkali. The advantage of the electric regeneration process edibited convenientoperation, no discharge any waste, and therefore no Polluted to the recehang waterbode and the environmental ground

THE QUICK DETERMINATION METHOD OF RESIN CONTENT IN LARCH WOOD

The resin content in larch wood is usually determined by the traditionalBenzene-Alcohol Extract Method(BAEM).In order to meet the requirement of production prac-tice,the authors present two simple quick determination methods,IR lamp method and hydrogenperoxide solution method.Compared with the results of traditional method,the results of newmethods are nearly the same as former,therefore,both two methods can reflect the change condi-tion of resin content in wood.

DETERMINATION OF COHESIVE ENERGY DENSITY OF UP RESIN BY THE SWELLING METHOD

Different types of solvents were chosen, and their solubleexpansion ability to unsaturated polyster- resin was determined. Theprinciple and method of deter- mining the cohesive energy density ofunsaturated polyster resin by using the swelling method are presentedin details.

Simulation of the Resin Film Infusion Process Based on the Finite Element Method

A physically accurate and computationally effective pure finite element method （FEM） was developed to simulate the isothermal resin infusing process. The FEM was based on conservation of resin muss at and instant of time and was objective of resin film infusion （RFI） fiber impregnation and mold filling . The developed computer code was able to simulate the resin infusing visually. A numerical example presented here demonstrated that compared with traditional finite element/ control-volume （FE/CV）, and FEM was physically accurate and computationally efficient.

Numerical Simulation of Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding Using Isoparametric Method

The mold filling of RTM was simulated based on the control volume finite element method (CV/FEM). The formulat ion using isoparametric transformation was discussed in detail and a computation al code based on isoparametric technique was developed. The simulation results w ere compared with experimental data. Different isoparametric elements, quadrilat eral and triangular, were compared in the simulation.It demonstrates that the us e of bilinear quadrilateral isoparametric elements in simulating the process can produce a higher precision and cost a less time than the use of triangular ones .

In-depth investigation on the factors affecting the performance of high oil-absorption resin by response surface method

A series of high oil-absorption resins with low cross-linking degree were synthesized by suspension polymerization using stearyl methacrylate(SMA),2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate(EHMA),and styrene(St)as monomers.Response surface methodology(RSM)with central composite design(CCD)was also applied to determine the optimal parameters that are mainly known to affect their synthesis.Thus,the effects of the monomer mass ratio(EHMA:SMA),the rigid monomer(St)dosage,the porous agent(acetone)dosage,and their pairwise interaction on the resin's oil-absorption capacity were analyzed,highlighting PSES-R_(2) as the resin with the optimum performance.The pure oil-absorption rates of PSES-R_(2) for gasoline,diesel,and kerosene were 11.19 g·g^(-1),16.25 g·g^(-1),and 14.84 g·g^(-1),respectively,while the oil removal rates from oily wastewater were 98.82%,65.11%,and 99.63%,respectively.

Experimental Plans Method to Formulate a Resin Concrete

This work is an experimental approach based on the method of experimental plans to determine a specific formulation of a resin concrete. In this study, an unsaturated polyester resin （thermosetting resin） was used with two types of mineral fillers （dune sand and crushed sand）, and with the addition of a marble powder to ensure the continuity of the particle size mixing granular. The lack of the methods for developing this kind of composite materials, had led us to perform an initial experimental approach to define the experimental field, that is to say determine the mass proportions of the various compounds of mixture of our study. In the second approach, we have established and implemented fully experimental plans with three factors namely： factor （1）： sand, factor （2）： resin, factor （3）： marble powder. Test results being the density of polymer concrete and the mechanical resistances. Finally, multi-parameters regression allowed us to determine predictive mathematical models for the different responses of the study. Tests results showed that at three days we got a tensile strength of about 16 MPa with a resin concrete density of 1.9 g/cm3. This shows the advantages of this material.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydration of Acrylic Acid over Ion-exchanged Resin:Experimental Exploration and DFT Calculation

Liquid-phase acrylic acid hydration over solid-phase catalysts is a key reaction for the industrial productionof 3-hydroxypropionic acid. However, the relevant literature primarily focuses on the experimental aspects of catalystscreening and exploring reaction conditions, with few accurate descriptions of the reaction kinetics and determination ofthe reaction mechanism. Here, we combined kinetics experiments and theoretical calculations to elucidate the kinetics andmechanism of acrylic acid hydration on a resin catalyst. The pseudo-homogeneous model, and Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Haugen-Watson and Elie-Riedel (ER) heterogeneous models were used to explain the experimental kinetics data. TheER model can explain the experimental data very well, suggesting strong adsorption of acrylic acid on the surface of theresin catalyst. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations show that the hydration follows a stepwise, rather than aconcerted, reaction pathway. The present study provides theoretical insights into the reaction mechanism and kinetics, fillingthe gap in our understanding of the reaction on a fundamental level.

Determination of boron concentration in uranium fuel samples by ICP-OES following a separation step by cation exchange resin

The boron content of uranium fuel samples with boron concentrations in the range of 0.05–10 μg/g was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES) after the uranium was separated by cation exchange. The samples were dissolved in 3 M HNO_3 on a hot plate at 150℃ and evaporated to near dryness. The residues were redissolved in 0.2 M HNO-_3 and passed through a column loaded with Dowex 50WX8-400 resin. Uranium was adsorbed on the resin,while boron was easily eluted with 0.2 M HNO_3. The boron content of the effluent was determined using ICPOES. Several strategies were employed to improve the reliability of the experimentally determined boron content.The addition of mannitol and proper control of the evaporation process were shown to be effective in preventing boron loss during sample dissolution and evaporation. The memory effect was eliminated by flushing the system with 1.5% ammonia for 30 s between successive sample runs,and the matrix match method was used to eliminate the matrix effect arising from mannitol during the ICP-OES analysis. The accuracy of the results of the analysis was determined by addition recovery tests and by comparison with the results of three Chinese certified reference materials(GBW04242, GBW04243, and GBW04232). Using the method we developed, the limit of detection for boron was as low as 0.05 μg/g in uranium fuel samples, and the relative standard deviations for 0.1–0.5 g uranium samples with 0.05–2 μg/g of boron were within 9%.

Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Using Resin Impregnation

In this paper, we deals with mechanical performance of resin impregnation with natural fiber and fiber reinforced composites. The effect of the addition of a rein impregnation process on static strength of the injection molded composites was investigated by carrying out tensile and banding tests, followed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fiber surface and fracture surface of composites. The tensile strength of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites with resin impregnation method increases with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) impregnation. In addition, Phenol resin impregnation recovers fiber tensile strength after alkali treatment. Resin impregnation causes decrease in contact surface area;however, it does not cause decrease in mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the using rein impregnation method has better effect on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composites.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of process-induced residual stress in resin transfer molding process

A three-dimensional finite element analysis of process-induced residual stress in resin transfer molding (RTM) process is presented. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to solve the coupled equations involved in the transient heat transfer and the cure kinetics of the resin, and the distributions of internal temperature and cure degree of the composite at any instant time were obtained. The self-consistent field micro-mechanics model was used to predict the cure-dependent mechanical properties of the composites. Thermal expansion and cure shrinkage were included in the analysis. The thermo-elastic mechanical governing equations were solved using the incremental stress-strain relationship based FEM and the residual stress development was predicted. The present results were validated by the comparisons with the pertinent literature. The numerical example of a half cylinder was presented. The results show that it is necessary to carry out the three-dimensional analysis due to the complex distributions of temperatures, cure degrees and process-induced stress for thick parts, which can be predicted at any point within composite structures in the present analysis.

Preparation of Thermosensitive Microcapsules Containing Water Soluble Powder by Melting Dispersion Cooling Method

It was tried to prepare the thermosensitive microcapsules containing the water soluble solid powder by the melting dispersion cooling method and to establish the optimum preparation conditions. As a model water soluble solid powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate was adopted in order to generate carbon dioxide gas and as a thermosensitive shell material, olefin resin with the melting point of ca. 40°C was used. In the experiment, the concentration of olefin resin in the shell material solution was mainly changed together with the concentrations of the oil soluble surfactant species and the α-tocopherol as a modifier of shell. Addition of α-tocopherol into the shell material solution could prevent the core from breaking away during the microencapsulation process and result in the higher microencapsulation efficiency, because the dispersion stability of solid powder in the shell material solution could be increased due to the increase in affinity between the shell material solution and solid powder. Also, the microencapsulation efficiency increased with the concentration of olefin resin, became maximum at 50 wt% and then, decreased. The microcapsules were found to begin melting at 36°C and to generate carbon dioxide gas.

Kinetic Model of Resin-Catalyzed Decomposition of Acetone Cyanohydrin in Organic Solvent

Decomposition of acetone cyanohydrin is the first-step reaction for preparing (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol (CPBA) by the one-pot method in organic media. Considering the compatibility of biocatalysts with chemical catalysts and the successive operation in the bioreactor, anion exchange resin (D301) was used as catalyst for this reaction. External diffusion limitation was excluded by raising rotational speed to higher than 190r·min^-1 in both solvents. Internal diffusion limitation was verified to be insignificant in this reaction system. The effect of acetone cyanohydrin concentration on the reaction was also investigated. An intrinsic kinetic model was proposed when the mass transfer limitation was excluded, and the average deviation of the model is 10.5%.

Study on New Sensitive Method of Determination of Phosphorus by Solid Phase Spectrophotometry

The use of solid phase spectrophotometry for the determination of trace phosphorus in the system of phosphomolybdate-fructose is described. The adsorption of the system on anion-exchange resin is reported.

ULTRASONIC BEHAVIOR OF EPOXY RESINS/POLY (ETHYLENE OXIDE) BLENDS CURED WITH PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE

By means of ultrasonic attenuation apparatus, the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation ofanhydride-cured epoxy resins (EP)/poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends were measured on thebasis of pulse-echo method. It was found that the sonic velocity of the blends decreased as thetemperature increased, but attenuation coefficient increased and possessed a peak value. Largervelocity and smaller attenuation coefficient(α)can be obtained from perfect crosslinking networkstructures of pure DGEBA cured with phthalic anhydride(PA). As for cured DGEBA/PEO blendsystems,sonic velocity decreased as a function of PEO concentration,but attenuation coefficient(α) increased.

STUDY ON THE ASSAY QUALITY OF FOOD GRADE GPR BY UV—VIS METHOD

In this paper, the kind of remanent small molecules in unsaturated polyester res(?) (UP resin) , the best extractant and the best suitalbe extractive time for measuring the content of these small molecules were studied using ultraviolet- visible spectrophotometry ( UV-VIS method). According to the principle of additivity lightness absorption for mixid solution, the contents of samll molecules in several kinds of cured UP resin were measured. It is pointed out that the UV-VIS method in the assay quality of food grade GRP products is more suitable to China.

Study of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene Effect on Resin Impregnated Bamboo Fiber Polypropylene Composit

Previously, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and phenolic resin were used for resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites which was manufactures for resin impregnated bamboo fiber with polypropylene (PP). Resin impregnation method can show improvement on tensile strength of fiber. However, to reduce the contact surface area and low inter-facial shear strength (IFSS) between impregnated resin and matrix, using 40% weight fraction of bamboo fiber in PP matrix, PVA impregnated composites with mean flexural and tensile strength 10% higher than untreated composites were produced butphenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composition’s mechanical properties were decreased. In this study maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to increase interfacial shear strength between resin impregnated fiber and PP. With 10% MAPP, IFSS between resin impregnated fiber and PP increased more than 100% and reinforced composites. MAPP with untreated, phenolic resin and PVA impregnated cases showed similar mechanical properties. Yet in water absorption test, the PVA treatment with bamboo/PP composites increased water absorption ratio. But with 10% MAPP, matrix PP water absorption ratio decreased like phenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composites. 10% MAPP with resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites can improve IFSS, mechanical properties of composite and can decrease water absorption PVA resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced composites.

Flame Retardants Nanocomposites-Synergistic Effect of Combination Conventional Retardants with Nanofillers of the Flammability of Thermoset Resins

The consumption ofthermoset resins as building polymers is approximately over one million tone word wide. The thermoset resins are proven construction materials for the technical and highly demanding applications of the transportation, electrical and building part industry. Heat stability, high thermal, low shrinkage, excellent mechanical properties are typical for their type of polymers. Above applications in addition to the mechanical properties also require good flame retardants of the materials. Undertaken activities refer to official draft, laws and legal recommendations in UE states. This paper presents positive effect of reduced flammability of thermoset resins （unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins） thanks to the use of nanocomposites containing multi-ingredient halogen-flee flame retardants which combine conventional phosphorus/nitrogen modifiers interacting with nanofillers （oMMT （organomodified montmorillonite）, EG （expandable graphite）, graphene, GO （graphene oxide）, nSi （nanosilica））.