Ankylosing spondylitis coexisting with Clonorchis sinensis infection: A case report

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease.The prevailing theory links AS onset to infections in susceptible individuals.Furthermore,infections may impair the immune responses.Numerous studies have investigated links between AS and various infections-bacterial,viral,fungal,and other microorganism infections.However,limited attention has been given to the association between AS and Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)infection.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old male with a 10-yr history of AS presented to our hospital with inflammatory lower back pain as the primary manifestation.Ten years ago,the patient had achieved a stable condition after treatment with biological agents.However,he experienced a recurrence of lumbosacral pain with an unexplained cause 10 d before hospital admission.A lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan revealed bone marrow edema in the left sacroiliac joint,and laboratory indicators were elevated.Moreover,the presence of C.sinensis eggs was detected in the stool.The patient was prescribed praziquantel,resulting in the disap-pearance of C.sinensis eggs in subsequent routine stool tests and relief from lumbosacral pain.A follow-up MRI scan performed after 4 months revealed a reduction in bone marrow edema around the left sacroiliac joint.CONCLUSION C.sinensis infections could potentially trigger the exacerbation of AS.Clinicians should pay attention to investigating the presence of infections.INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory and rheumatic disease resulting from an imbalance between innate and acquired immune responses[1].While it can affect any part of the spine,its primary symptoms are persistent back pain and stiffness in the lower back and pelvis.The prevalence of AS per 10000 individuals is 23.8 in Europe,31.9 in North America,16.7 in Asia,10.2 in Latin America,and 7.4 in Africa[2].Infections commonly occur in the first 3 months and may act as potential triggers for the first symptoms of AS,often manifesting as gastrointestinal,urinary tract,and respiratory infections of microbiological origin[3,4].Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)infection is a severe parasitic disease affecting millions globally,especially prevalent in China,South Korea,the Far East of Russia,and Vietnam,with an estimated 15 million cases[5].Transmission occurs through the consumption of undercooked freshwater fish containing metacercariae.Adult C.sinensis parasites then establish themselves within the human hepatobiliary system[6].C.sinensis infection triggers the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2,leading to the injury and fibrosis of the hepatobiliary[7].Recent research in a rat model found that C.sinensis infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating hepatic progenitor cell proliferation[8].Complications of C.sinensis infection include cholestasis,cholangitis,biliary system fibrosis,and in severe cases,the development of cholangiocarcinoma[9].Consequently,the primary preventive measure is to abstain from consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish.Praziquantel is the recommended and effective treatment for this infection[10].While there is existing literature on the coexistence of AS and parasitic infections,there is limited research specifically addressing the simultaneous presence of AS and C.sinensis infection.This case report details a rare scenario of AS coexisting with C.sinensis infection,underscoring the potential impact of C.sinensis infection on AS disease activity.

Hounsfield units in assessing bone mineral density in ankylosing spondylitis patients with cervical fracture-dislocation

BACKGROUND Cervical spine fracture-dislocations in patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)are mostly unstable and require surgery.However,osteoporosis,one of the comorbidities for AS,could lead to detrimental prognoses.There are few accurate assessments of bone mineral density in AS patients.AIM To analyze Hounsfield units(HUs)for assessing bone mineral density in AS patients with cervical fracture-dislocation.METHODS The HUs from C2 to C7 of 51 patients obtained from computed tomography(CT)scans and three-dimensional reconstruction of the cervical spine were independently assessed by two trained spinal surgeons and statistically analyzed.Inter-reader reliability and agreement were assessed by interclass correlation coefficient.RESULTS The HUs decreased gradually from C2 to C7.The mean values of the left and right levels were significantly higher than those in the middle.Among the 51 patients,25 patients(49.02%)may be diagnosed with osteoporosis,and 16 patients(31.37%)may be diagnosed with osteopenia.CONCLUSION The HUs obtained by cervical spine CT are feasible for assessing bone mineral density with excellent agreement in AS patients with cervical fracture-dislocation.

Effects of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores on ankylosing spondylitis patients with sleep disorder

BACKGROUND Patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)frequently suffer from comorbid sleep disorders,exacerbating the burden of the disease and affecting their quality of life.AIM To investigate the clinical significance of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in patients with AS complicated by sleep disorders.METHODS A total of 106 AS patients with comorbid sleep disorders were included in the study.The patients were grouped into the desirable and undesirable prognosis groups in accordance with their clinical outcomes.The serum levels of inflammatory factors,including C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,interleukin(IL)-6,tumour necrosis factor-αand IL-1β,were measured.Disease activity scores,such as the Bath AS functional index,Bath AS disease activity index,Bath AS metrology index and AS disease activity score,were assessed.The health index was obtained through the Short Form-36 questionnaire.RESULTS The study found significant associations amongst serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in AS patients with comorbid sleep disorders.Positive correlations were found between serum inflammatory factors and disease activity scores,indicating the influence of heightened systemic inflammation on disease severity and functional impairment.Conversely,negative correlations were found between disease activity scores and health index parameters,highlighting the effect of disease activity on various aspects of healthrelated quality of life.Logistic regression analysis further confirmed the predictive value of these factors on patient outcomes,underscoring their potential utility in risk assessment and prognostication.CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the intricate interplay amongst disease activity,systemic inflammation and patientreported health outcomes in AS patients complicated by sleep disorders.The results emphasise the need for comprehensive care strategies that address the diverse needs and challenges faced by these patients and underscore the potential relevance of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores as prognostic markers in this patient population.

Research Progress in the Treatment of New Bone Formation of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)has a very high disability rate.How to effectively inhibit the formation of new bones has become a difficult point in clinical treatment.In recent years,research has shown that different treatment plans can have an impact on inhibiting new bone formation.In this paper,the different effects of new bone formation in the treatment of AS with traditional Chinese and Western medicine are systematically listed.

Total hip arthroplasty in fused hips with spine stiffness in ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is characterized by involvement of the spine and hip joints with progressive stiffness and loss of function.Functional impairment is significant,with spine and hip involvement,and is predominantly seen in the younger age group.Total hip arthroplasty(THA)for fused hips with stiff spines in AS results in considerable improvement of mobility and function.Spine stiffness associated with AS needs evaluation before THA.Preoperative assessment with lateral spine radiographs shows loss of lumbar lordosis.Spinopelvic mobility is reduced with change in sacral slope from sitting to standing less than 10 degrees conforming to the stiff pattern.Care should be taken to reduce acetabular component anteversion at THA in these fused hips,as the posterior pelvic tilt would increase the risk of posterior impingement and anterior dislocation.Fused hips require femoral neck osteotomy,true acetabular floor identification and restoration of the hip center with horizontal and vertical offset to achieve a good functional outcome.Cementless and cemented fixation have shown comparable long-term results with the choice dependent on bone stock at THA.Risks at THA in AS include intraoperative fractures,dislocation,heterotopic ossification,among others.There is significant improvement of functional scores and quality of life following THA in these deserving young individuals with fused hips and spine stiffness.

Ultrasound-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection in a patient with manubriosternal joint involvement of ankylosing spondylitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Manubriosternal joint(MSJ)disease is a rare cause of anterior chest pain but can be a major sign of systemic arthritic involvement.In patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS),a type of systemic arthritis,chest pain can be due to MSJ involvement and can be improved by ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection into the joint.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man visited our pain clinic complaining of anterior chest pain.There were no abnormal findings on lateral sternum X-ray,but arthritic changes in the MSJ were observed on single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography.We performed additional laboratory tests,and he was finally diagnosed with AS.For pain relief,we performed ultrasound-guided intra-articular(IA)corticosteroid injections into the MSJ.After the injections,his pain nearly resolved.CONCLUSION For patients complaining of anterior chest pain,AS should be considered,and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography can be helpful in diagnosis.In addition,ultrasound-guided IA corticosteroid injections may be effective for pain relief.

Functional and clinical outcome with modified lateral approach total hip arthroplasty in stiff hips with ankylosing spondylitis

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis at total hip arthroplasty(THA)has significant hip stiffness with flexion deformity,restricted mobility,and function.Range of movement(ROM)improvement with good functional outcome is seen following THA in these hips.The modified Hardinge approach without abductor compromise is helpful in these stiff hips with associated flexion deformity.AIM To assess improvement in ROM and functional outcomes with a modified lateral approach THA in ankylosing spondylitis with stiff hips.METHODS A total of 69 hips that underwent THA with a modified Hardinge approach in 40 patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 38.33 mo.All individuals ambulated with weight-bearing as tolerated and ROM exercises from the 1st postoperative day.Modified Harris hip score and ROM were assessed during follow-up.Quality of life assessments using the 36-item and 12-item short form health surveys were done along with clinical and functional outcomes at followup.SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.The correlation of ROM and functional score change was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.RESULTS Sixty-nine hips with a significant decrease in ROM preoperatively with 32 clinically fused hips showed significant improvement in flexion range.The mean flexion in 69 hips improved from 29.35±31.38 degrees to 102.17±10.48 degrees.The mean difference of 72.82 with a P value<0.0001 was significant.In total,45 out of 69 hips had flexion deformity,with 13 hips having a deformity above 30 degrees.The flexion during the follow-up was below 90 degrees in 3 hips.Eleven hips had flexion of 90 degrees at follow-up,while the remaining 55 hips had flexion above 100 degrees.Modified Harris hip score improved from 17.03±6.02 to 90.66±7.23(P value<0.0001).The 36-item short form health survey at the follow-up indicated health status in 40 patients as excellent in 11,very good in 20,good in 5,fair in 3,and poor in 1.The mean mental health score was 84.10±11.58.Pain relief was good in all 69 hips.Altogether,28/40 patients(70%)had no pain,9 patients(22%)had occasional pain,and 3 patients(8%)had mild to moderate pain with unusual activity.Heterotopic ossification was seen in 21 hips with Brooker class 1 in 14 hips.CONCLUSION Modified Hardinge approach THA in ankylosing spondylitis with stiff hips with flexion deformity significantly improved ROM,Harris hip score,and quality of life indicated by the 36-item and 12-item short form health surveys.

Research progress on the regulation mechanism of non-coding RNA on ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic progressive inflammatory immune disease,which mainly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints,with a high rate of late disability.At present,because the pathogenesis of the disease is not clear,its treatment targets are not clear,and there is no consensus on intervention measures.Therefore,further exploration of the mechanism of the disease has certain guiding significance for clinical application.At the same time,non-coding RNA can regulate protein translation,participate in the physiological and pathological changes of AS,and is closely related to the progress of AS.Its internal mechanism and potential targets are worthy of in-depth study.This article summarizes the research progress of non-coding RNA involved in AS through the regulation of bone metabolism,inflammation,cell death and autophagy,in order to provide a theoretical basis for exploring potential clinical diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of AS.

Ankylosing Spondylitis in a West African Hospital

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by predominant axial and peripheral (enthesitis, sacroiliitis) involvement affecting young subjects aged 30 to 40 years, 80% to 98% of cases are associated with HLA-B27. Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of ankylosing spondylitis in the rheumatology department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry (Guinea). Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out within the said department over a period of 18 months from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, including all patients seen in consultation and/or hospitalized in the department in which the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis had been retained according to the modified New York criterion. The parameters studied were sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic. Result: We collected 73 cases or 4.1% of ankylosing spondylitis out of a total of 1781 patients seen during the study period. The male gender was represented with 54.8% for a sex ratio of 1.2 M/F. The average age of our patients was 32.18 ± 12.44 years with extremes ranging from 17 to 54 years. Axial involvement was present in 89.9% of cases with a lumbar predominance (95.2%), followed by the sacroiliac seat (35.5%), cervical (14.5%) and dorsal at 4.8%. The pain was chronic in 93.2% of cases. The most common drug treatment was taking analgesics and NSAIDs (100%) followed by cortisone infiltration (41.1%), corticosteroids (30%), and physiotherapy (21.9%). Ankylosing spondylitis represents 83% of spondyloarthritis followed by undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (9.1%) and juvenile spondylitis (3.4%) were the most common conditions.

Advances in Research of Ankylosing Spondylitis with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

This paper reviews the advances in research of co-pathogenesis and clinical treatment of ankylosing spondylitis(AS)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),in order to offer ideal therapeutic effects for comorbid patients and to provide new ideas for clinical practice.

Overview of Research on the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Chinese Medicine

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), also known as spondylitis, is a rheumatic disorder that develops gradually in the sacroiliac, lumbar, thoracic and cervical spine and can involve peripheral joints in severe cases. The disease is insidious, starting in the sacroiliac and hip joints and gradually involving the entire spine. AS, also known as seronegative arthritis, is primarily due to a negative response to the susceptibility sheep blood clotting test (RF). Until the 1960s, it was known as “central rheumatoid arthritis” and “rheumatoid spondylitis”. At present, modern medicine has no effective treatment for this disease, but Chinese medicine treatment for ankylosing spondylitis is based on the concept of treating both the symptoms and the underlying cause of the disease, with few side effects and significant clinical effects, and has become a research hotspot in recent years, worthy of further investigation.

Use of Ilizarov technique for bilateral knees flexion contracture in Juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis: A case report

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic rheumatic disease that primarily affects the spine and the sacroiliac and peripheral joints.Juvenile-onset AS(JoAS)patients will likely present with peripheral joint symptoms.Knee flexion contracture(KFC)and hip flexion contracture(HFC)are common in these patients due to subchondral bone inflammation.The Ilizarov technique is the most commonly used technique for treating KFC.However,its use to treat JoAS-associated KFC has not been reported.CASE SUMMARY This report presents a case study of a 31-year-old male patient with a squatting gait due to severe bilateral KFC and HFC.The patient had a normal walking pattern until the age of eight,after which he experienced knee and hip pain,leading to the gradual development of KFC and HFC.The patient’s primary complaint was an inability to walk upright.The patient was diagnosed with JoAS and under-went hip dissection and release,limited soft tissue release of the hamstring,and gradual traction using the Ilizarov method.Ultimately,the patient was able to walk upright.CONCLUSION The incidence of squatting gait due to KFC in individuals diagnosed with JoAS was low.Utilizing the Ilizarov technique has proven to be a secure and effective method for managing KFC in JoAS patients.Although the Ilizarov technique cannot substitute for total knee arthroplasty(TKA),its application can delay the need for primary TKA in JoAS patients and alleviate the intricacy and potential complications associated with the procedure.

The Total Hip Arthroplasty in Ankylosing Spondylitis

Objectives: The assessment of the radio clinical results of sixty one total hip arthroplasties was performed among young and active patients, with follow-up for ankylosing spondylitis, in order to evaluate the effect of surgery on the quality of life of these patients. Methods: For the functional improvement of the patients, we relied on the scores of Devane, Harris and that of Postel Merle d’Aubeigné. The radiological analysis was based on the coxometry. Results: The study confirms the notable functional gain and consequently the improvement of the quality of life of the patients. However, the longevity of the implants remains difficult to envisage due to our limited and insufficient hindsight. Conclusion: The total hip arthroplasty transforms the life of the young patients’ carriers of the disabling coxitis on the stiffening spondylarthritis, by getting them the laziness and the mobility wished for.

Ankylosing spondylitis: A state of the art factual backbone

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the general population. As one of the most severe types of spondyloarthropathy, AS affects the spinal vertebrae and sacroiliac joints, causing debilitating pain and loss of mobility. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of AS, from the pathophysiological changes that occur as the disease progresses, to genetic factors that are involved with its onset. Considering the high prevalence in the population, and the debilitating life changes that occur as a result of the disease, a strong emphasis is placed on the diagnostic imaging methods that are used to detect this condition, as well as several treatment methods that could improve the health of individuals diagnosed with AS.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of enthesitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

The aim of this study was to assess sensitivity and responsiveness of power Doppler ultrasound （PDUS） in detecting enthesitis for ankylosing spondylitis （AS） patients compared to clinical examinations. Twenty AS patients initiating etanerceptunderwent clinical and PDUS examinations of six bilateral entheseal sites at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment. Clinical and PDUS examinations identified at least one entheseal lesion in nine （45%） and 19 （95%） patients, respectively. Furthermore, of 240 entheseal sites examined in these 20 patients, PDUS detected 123 entheseal lesions （51.3% of sites）, compared with only 47 entheseal lesions （19.6%） detected by clinical examination （P〈0.05）. The entheseal lesions found on PDUS were most commonly identified by calcification （33.3%）, tendon edema （29.2%）, abnormal blood flow （25.8%）, a thickened tendon （22.1%）, cortical irregularity （12.9%）, bony erosions （9.6%） and bursitis at the tendon insertion to the bone cortex （7.1%）. Improvements in clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters, and significant decreases in PDUS scores were observed following treatment with etanereept. Improvements in PDUS scores continued during follow-up in patients who entered remission following treatment. In conclusion, PDUS improves detection of structural and inflammatory abnormalities of the enthesis in AS compared to physical examination. In addition, PDUS may be useful inascertaining medications.

Clinical features of ankylosing spondylitis associated with acute anterior uveitis in Chinese patients

AIM: To characterize the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of uveitis associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Chinese patients. METHODS: Two hundred and three patients with uveitis associated with AS followed-up in the Third Military Medical University Daping Hospital between 2005 and 2010 were retrospectively evaluated in this study. Complete ophthalmological examinations were evaluated at baseline and during the follow-up period. The gender, age, follow-up time, mean frequency of uveitis onset, and accompanying eye examination findings, history, demographical parameters were reviewed. All the patients presented complete clinical and radiologic (sacroiliac, lumbar, dorsal and cervical spine, knee, ankle, shoulder, hip, elbow) evaluation. HLA-B27 typing was also searched. RESULTS: There were 203 patients diagnosed with AS associated welt's. All showed sacroiliac X-ray changes indicative of AS. There were 184 male and 19 female patients. The average age of patients was 35 +/- 12 (range 18-50). Mean follow-up period was 2.4 years (1-5 years). Acute anterior wets was the most common type of uveitis in both genders. 121 eyes presented unilateral involvement (55.2%), and 92 eyes presented bilateral involvement (45.3%) with onset alternately. 22 eyes occurred hypopyon, 16 eyes were found anterior vitreous cells, 7 eyes were noted reactive macular edema or exudation, 29 eyes presented posterior synechiae of iris, and 14 eyes presented cataract, 9 eyes presented secondary glaucoma, 2 eyes presented bend corneal degeneration and 1 eyes presented atrophy of eyeball. At the final visit, uveitis was well controlled in most patients. CONCLUSION: AS associated with uveitis in Chinese patients mainly manifests as acute anterior uveitis. A combination of corticosteroids with other mydriasis agents is effective for most AS associated with uveitis patients. In general, the prognosis is good in these cases.

Lung parenchymal changes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

AIM: To assess lung parenchymal changes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). METHODS: We included 78 AS patients whose average age was 33.87 (18-56) years with a ratio of 53 males to 25 females who were followed up for 3.88 (1-22) years on average. neumonia and tuberculosis were excluded. In a detailed examination of lung HRCT findings, we investigated the presence of parenchymal micronodules,parenchymal bands, subpleural bands, interlobular and intralobular septal thickening, irregularity of interfaces,ground glass opacity, consolidation, mosaic pattern,bronchial wall thickening, bronchial dilatation, tracheal dilatation, pleural thickening, emphysema, thoracic cage asymmetry, honeycomb appearance, structural distortion, apical fibrosis and other additional findings.RESULTS: In detailed HRCT evaluations, lung parenchymal changes were found in 46 (59%) of all patients. We found parenchymal bands in 21 (27%) cases, interlobular septal thickening in 9 (12%), emphysema in 9 (12%), apical fibrosis in 8 (10%), ground-glass opacities in 7 (9%), parenchymal micronodules in 5 (6%), irregularity in interfaces in 3 (4%), bronchial dilatation in 3 (4%), mosaic pattern in 2 (3%), pleural thickening in 2 (3%), consolidation in 1 (1%), bronchial wall thick ening in 1 (1%) and a subpleural band in 1 (1%) case. Furthermore, we detected subsegmental atelectasis in 2 patients and a cavitary lesion in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: Our study had the highest number of AS cases of all previous studies in evaluating lung paren chymal changes. The rate of lung parenchymal changes was slightly lower than that reported in recent literature.

Fluence of Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum on joint and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objective The current study was designed to find out the effect of Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum (GTT) on the serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Method 29 patients with active AS were selected to take GTT (1mg per kg) three times a day for one year. After that, its curative effect was evaluated. The serum level of sIL-2R of these patients was measured by sandwich ELISA method and was compared with that of normal subjects. Result The serum level of sIL-2R in active AS patients was obviously higher than that of the non-active AS patients. (P<0.01). The total effective rate of GTT on AS was 89.6%, while clinical relief rate 27.6%, obvious effective rate 44.8%, effective rate 17.2% and non-effective rate 10.4%. The patients’ serum level of sIL-2R after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy except patients with no effect. (P<0.05). Conclusion GTT has positive curative effect on active AS patients and could cause obvious decrease of the serum level of sIL-2R. The serum level of sIL-2R can be used as an important index of activity of AS and as a guide of therapy.

Distinct Expression of Chemokine-like Factor 1 in Synovium of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis

Chemokine-like factor 1（CKLF1） is a newly cloned chemotactic cytokine with CCR4 being its functional receptor. Recent evidence demonstrates a role of CKLF1 in arthritis. The aim of this study was to quantify the expression of CKLF1 as well as assess the correlation between CKLF1 and plasma acute-phase markers. Synovium was obtained from 16 osteoarthritis（OA）, 15 rheumatoid arthritis（RA） and 10 ankylosing spondylitis（AS） patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, with other 11 patients treated for meniscal tears during sport accidents serving as normal controls. Levels of CKLF1 and CCR4 m RNA were detected by q RT-PCR, and the expression of CKLF1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry staining, subsequently analyzed with semiquantitative scores. Plasma acute-phase markers of inflammation were determined by ELISA. CKLF1 was found with a particularly up-regulated expression in synovim from AS and RA patients, and CCR4 m RNA levels increased in RA patients, not in OA or AS patients. Elevated levels of plasma markers of inflammation including CRP, ESR and Ddimer were observed in RA. Further, significantly positive correlations between relative expression levels of CKLF1 and CRP/ESR in RA patients and a positive correlation between CKLF1 and ESR in AS patients were found. There was no detectable correlation between CKLF1 and plasma D-dimer. This study confirms an increased but different level of CKLF1 in RA, OA and AS patients, all significantly higher than that in controls. Additionally, the significant positive correlations between CKLF1 levels and CRP/ESR in RA and between CKLF1 and ESR suggest that CKLF1 might contribute to the inflammation state and clinical symptoms in these rheumatic diseases. Further studies are required to investigate the utility of targeting specific CKLF1 for symptom control or disease modification in RA and AS.

Ankylosing spondylitis complicated with andersson lesion in the lower cervical spine: A case report

BACKGROUND Andersson lesion(AL)is an uncommon complication in ankylosing spondylitis(AS),which is characterized by nonneoplastic bone destruction and often appears as bone destruction and sclerosis in the vertebral body and/or the area involving the intervertebral disc.According to the literature,Andersson lesion commonly occur in the thoracic and lumbar spine and rarely in the cervical spine.CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 78-year-old man with a long history of AS who developed AL in the cervical spine(C5/6 and C6/7).One-stage anterior-posterior approach surgery was successfully performed.At the 6-month follow-up,the pain was significantly reduced,and the limb function was gradually improved.CONCLUSION AL uncharacteristically appears in the cervical spine and tends to be misdiagnosed as vertebral metastases or spinal tuberculosis.Posterior combined with anterior surgery achieves solid biological stabilization in the treatment of AL bone destruction.