The effects of various salinities and desalination on seed germination of six annual glycophytes (Artemisia sieversiana, A. scoparia, Chloris virgata, Eragrostis pilosa, Chenopodium acuminatum and Chenopodium glaucum...The effects of various salinities and desalination on seed germination of six annual glycophytes (Artemisia sieversiana, A. scoparia, Chloris virgata, Eragrostis pilosa, Chenopodium acuminatum and Chenopodium glaucum) were studied in Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China. NaCl solutions of five concentrations (0 mM, as the control, and 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM) were used for saline stress and desalination treatments. Increasing salinity significantly reduced germination percentages of A. sieversiana, A. scoparia, Ch.virgata and Ch. acuminatum, but had no effect on the germination percentages of E. pilosa. Lower salinity levels (50 mM) significantly increased germination percentage of Ch. glaucum. High salinity might be a precondition for germi- nation after desalination for five of the six species, excepting E. pilosa at NaCl concentration of 300 mM in comparison with non-primed seeds. Higher salinity (200 mM) led to some specific ion toxicity and reduced seed viability of A. sieversiana. No specific ion toxicity but an osmotic effect limited the germination of other five species was observed The final germination percentages (salinity stress and desalination) of the six species showed three variations in comparison with the controls, namely, indiscrimination, stimulation, and reduction. Germination responses to salinity and desalination suggested that the six species were separated into three categories. Three species (A. sieversiana, Ch. virgata and Ch. acuminatum) showed similar germination responses to salinity with those of halophyte, but also showed a lower tolerance limit than most halophytes, although this was not always the case. A. scoparia and Ch. glaucum exhibited some ‘salt stimulation’ in seed germination percentages after desalination, whereas E. pilosa did not show any obvious responseto salinity. Therefore, salinity usually induces dormancy of seeds with strong germination capacity in fresh water, but has few, or even positive, effects on seeds with strong innate dormancy.展开更多
为明确38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油对直播水稻田一年生杂草的防除效果及其对水稻生长的安全性。参照《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻3~4叶期、杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺...为明确38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油对直播水稻田一年生杂草的防除效果及其对水稻生长的安全性。参照《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻3~4叶期、杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油以有效成分用药量684.0~855.0 g a.i./hm^(2)进行茎叶喷雾,可有效防除稗草、千金子、丁香蓼、异型莎草等一年生杂草,药后40 d株防效89.7%~94.5%,鲜重防效92.4%~96.9%。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油能够有效防除直播水稻田一年生杂草,且对水稻安全,杀草速度较快。展开更多
A limited number of postemergence (POST) herbicides are available for weed mana</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gement in azuki bean production in Ontario. A total of three f...A limited number of postemergence (POST) herbicides are available for weed mana</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">gement in azuki bean production in Ontario. A total of three field trials were conducted </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">during</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2017 to 2019</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at the Huron Research Station, University of Guelph, Exeter, Ontario, Canada</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to evaluate the efficacy of various postemergence (POST) herbicides for weed control in azuki bean. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">F</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">omesafen, acifluorfen </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> acifluorfen + Assist</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> caused up to 6% crop injury and weed interference reduced azuki bean yield up to 42%. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Forte, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/acifluorfen, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Assist</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Turbocharge</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Forte + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> caused</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> up to 16% injury and weed interference reduced azuki bean yield up to 53%. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, acifluorfen + Assist</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Forte, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/acifluorfen, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Assist</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Turbocharge</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Forte + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> provided 36% to 88% control of redroot pigweed (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Amaranthus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">retroflexus</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.)</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">common ragweed (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ambrosia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">artemesiifolia</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.),</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">common </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lambsquarters</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chenopodium</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>album</i></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fomesafen, acifluorfen + Assist</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup> </span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> acifluorfen provided 59% to 83% control of</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">flower-of-an-hour (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hibiscus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>trionum</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.),</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> but</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Forte, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/acifluorfen, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Assist</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> + Turbocharge</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><sup>®</sup></span></sup> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">bentazon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Forte + </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">fomesafen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> provided 78% to 99% control of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">trionum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. All POST herbicides evaluated provide 99% to 100% control of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">wild mustard (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sinapis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>arvensis</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L.) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in azuki bean. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Based on these results, none of the POST herbicide evaluated that included bentazon </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">can be used safely for the control of annual broadleaved weeds in azuki bean under Ontario</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> environmental conditions.展开更多
<em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em> L. (parthenium weed) is an annual weed that grows rapidly in disturbed land. It is considered as one of the most hazardous weeds in Pakistan as it poses serious health pro...<em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em> L. (parthenium weed) is an annual weed that grows rapidly in disturbed land. It is considered as one of the most hazardous weeds in Pakistan as it poses serious health problems to livestock as well as severe allergenic reactions in humans. It has invaded the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces and also been spreading in other parts of the country where it poses a risk for the grazing lands, roadsides, forests, wet lands, waste lands and of all types of cropped and non-cropped areas in Pakistan. The present studies were carried out to determine the impact of four locally available broad leaf herbicides viz;Stomp 455 CS (pendimethalin), Buctril Super 60 EC (bromoxynil + MCPA), Vantage 48 SL (glyphosate) and Logran Extra 750 WG (triasulfuron + terbutryn) (@ recommended and <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">½</span></span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:" font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""></span> of recommended dose) against <em>P. hysterophorus</em> grown in pots at research field of CABI CWA, Rawalpindi. All herbicides were applied at three growth stages (rosette, bolted and flowering). The observations for the mortality of <em>P. hysterophorus</em> were made 2 and 4 weeks after spray. The glyphosate was the most effective and reported 100% mortality of <em>P. hysterophorus</em> plants at flowering stage followed by bromoxynil + MCPA (89%), pendimethalin (80%) and triasulfuron + terbutryn (61%) at recommended dose after 4 weeks of spray. All tested herbicides achieved a mortality between 38% - 86% at rosette while 54% - 96% mortality at bolted stage after 4 weeks. Initially, 2 weeks after spray at flowering stage glyphosate caused 53% wilting followed by 49% (bromoxynil + MCPA), 33% (pendimethalin) and 9% (triasulfuron + terbutryn) at their recommended doses. The results indicated that <em>P. hysterophorus</em> is the most susceptible to glyphosate and bromoxynil + MCPA, both these herbicides are very promising for the wilting and management of parthenium weed.展开更多
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.40701097,41071187)
文摘The effects of various salinities and desalination on seed germination of six annual glycophytes (Artemisia sieversiana, A. scoparia, Chloris virgata, Eragrostis pilosa, Chenopodium acuminatum and Chenopodium glaucum) were studied in Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, China. NaCl solutions of five concentrations (0 mM, as the control, and 50, 100, 200 and 300 mM) were used for saline stress and desalination treatments. Increasing salinity significantly reduced germination percentages of A. sieversiana, A. scoparia, Ch.virgata and Ch. acuminatum, but had no effect on the germination percentages of E. pilosa. Lower salinity levels (50 mM) significantly increased germination percentage of Ch. glaucum. High salinity might be a precondition for germi- nation after desalination for five of the six species, excepting E. pilosa at NaCl concentration of 300 mM in comparison with non-primed seeds. Higher salinity (200 mM) led to some specific ion toxicity and reduced seed viability of A. sieversiana. No specific ion toxicity but an osmotic effect limited the germination of other five species was observed The final germination percentages (salinity stress and desalination) of the six species showed three variations in comparison with the controls, namely, indiscrimination, stimulation, and reduction. Germination responses to salinity and desalination suggested that the six species were separated into three categories. Three species (A. sieversiana, Ch. virgata and Ch. acuminatum) showed similar germination responses to salinity with those of halophyte, but also showed a lower tolerance limit than most halophytes, although this was not always the case. A. scoparia and Ch. glaucum exhibited some ‘salt stimulation’ in seed germination percentages after desalination, whereas E. pilosa did not show any obvious responseto salinity. Therefore, salinity usually induces dormancy of seeds with strong germination capacity in fresh water, but has few, or even positive, effects on seeds with strong innate dormancy.
文摘为明确38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油对直播水稻田一年生杂草的防除效果及其对水稻生长的安全性。参照《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻3~4叶期、杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油以有效成分用药量684.0~855.0 g a.i./hm^(2)进行茎叶喷雾,可有效防除稗草、千金子、丁香蓼、异型莎草等一年生杂草,药后40 d株防效89.7%~94.5%,鲜重防效92.4%~96.9%。38%敌稗·唑酰草胺·异草松乳油能够有效防除直播水稻田一年生杂草,且对水稻安全,杀草速度较快。
文摘为明确18%噁唑酰草胺·噁嗪草酮乳油对直播水稻田一年生禾本科杂草的防除效果及其对水稻的安全性。参照GB/T 17980.40—2000《农药田间药效试验准则(一)》于2023年在水稻2.5~4叶期,禾本科杂草2~4叶期采用茎叶喷雾法开展大田试验。试验结果显示18%噁唑酰草胺·噁嗪草酮乳油有效成分用药量108.0~135.0 g a.i./hm^(2),可有效防除稗草、马唐、千金子等一年生禾本科杂草,药后30 d株和鲜重防效分别为89.07%~92.51%和92.00%~94.13%。18%噁唑酰草胺·噁嗪草酮乳油能够有效防除直播水稻田一年生禾本科杂草,且对水稻生长安全,杀草速度较快。
文摘<em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em> L. (parthenium weed) is an annual weed that grows rapidly in disturbed land. It is considered as one of the most hazardous weeds in Pakistan as it poses serious health problems to livestock as well as severe allergenic reactions in humans. It has invaded the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces and also been spreading in other parts of the country where it poses a risk for the grazing lands, roadsides, forests, wet lands, waste lands and of all types of cropped and non-cropped areas in Pakistan. The present studies were carried out to determine the impact of four locally available broad leaf herbicides viz;Stomp 455 CS (pendimethalin), Buctril Super 60 EC (bromoxynil + MCPA), Vantage 48 SL (glyphosate) and Logran Extra 750 WG (triasulfuron + terbutryn) (@ recommended and <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">½</span></span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:" font-size:14px;white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""></span> of recommended dose) against <em>P. hysterophorus</em> grown in pots at research field of CABI CWA, Rawalpindi. All herbicides were applied at three growth stages (rosette, bolted and flowering). The observations for the mortality of <em>P. hysterophorus</em> were made 2 and 4 weeks after spray. The glyphosate was the most effective and reported 100% mortality of <em>P. hysterophorus</em> plants at flowering stage followed by bromoxynil + MCPA (89%), pendimethalin (80%) and triasulfuron + terbutryn (61%) at recommended dose after 4 weeks of spray. All tested herbicides achieved a mortality between 38% - 86% at rosette while 54% - 96% mortality at bolted stage after 4 weeks. Initially, 2 weeks after spray at flowering stage glyphosate caused 53% wilting followed by 49% (bromoxynil + MCPA), 33% (pendimethalin) and 9% (triasulfuron + terbutryn) at their recommended doses. The results indicated that <em>P. hysterophorus</em> is the most susceptible to glyphosate and bromoxynil + MCPA, both these herbicides are very promising for the wilting and management of parthenium weed.