Microbial fuel cell (MFC) embedded in anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) process has positive effects on wastewater treatment, which can enhance the efficiencies of pollutants’ removal, along with electricity production. B...Microbial fuel cell (MFC) embedded in anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) process has positive effects on wastewater treatment, which can enhance the efficiencies of pollutants’ removal, along with electricity production. But the electricity generation performance and its optimization of MFC embedded in A2O process still needs to be further investigated. In this study, in order to optimize the contaminants removal and electricity production of the MFC-A2/O reactor, a lab-scale corridor-style MFC-A2/O reactor, which could simulate the practical A2/O biological reactor better, was designed and operated. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were continuously monitored so as the electricity generation. In addition, the influences of the structural parameters’ changes of MFC on the output voltage, including electrode material, the directly connected area and the distance between electrodes, were also studied. The results elucidated that the effluent quality of A2/O reactor could be improved when MFC was embedded, and all the investigated structural factors were closely related to the electricity generation performance of MFC to some extent.展开更多
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) salty wastewaters, containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), are very difficult to treat by biochemical process. Anoxic/oxic (A/O) biochemical system, based on nitrification and d...Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) salty wastewaters, containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), are very difficult to treat by biochemical process. Anoxic/oxic (A/O) biochemical system, based on nitrification and denitrification reactions, was used to assess their possible biodegradation. Because of the negative effects of high salt concentration (3%), heavy metals and toxic organic matter on microorganisms’ activities, some techniques consisting of dilution, coagulation and flocculation, and ozonation pretreatments, were gradually tested to evaluate chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (ammonia-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal rates. In this process of FCC wastewater, starting with university-domesticated sludge, the ammonia-N and TN removal rates were worst. However, when using domesticated SBR’s sludge and operating with five-fold daily diluted influent (thus reducing salt concentration), the ammonia-N removal reached about 57% while the TN removal rate was less than 37% meaning an amelioration of the nitrification process. However, by reducing the dilution factors, these results were inflected after some days of operation, with ammonia-N removal decreasing and TN barely removed meaning a poor nitrification. Even by reducing heavy metals concentration with coagulation/flocculation process, the results never changed. Thereafter, by using ozonation pre-treatment to degrade the detected organic matter of di-tert-butylphenol and certain isoparaffins, COD, ammonia-N and TN removal rates reached 92%, 62% and 61%, respectively. These results showed that the activities of the microorganisms were increased, thus indicating a net denitrification and nitrification reactions improvement.展开更多
The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic（A2O） process is globally one of the widely used biological sewage treatment processes. This is the first report of a metagenomic analysis using Illumina sequencing of full-scale A2O sludge ...The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic（A2O） process is globally one of the widely used biological sewage treatment processes. This is the first report of a metagenomic analysis using Illumina sequencing of full-scale A2O sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant.With more than 530,000 clean reads from different taxa and metabolic categories, the metagenome results allow us to gain insight into the functioning of the biological community of the A2O sludge. There are 51 phyla and nearly 900 genera identified from the A2O activated sludge ecosystem. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi are predominant phyla in the activated sludge, suggesting that these organisms play key roles in the biodegradation processes in the A2O sewage treatment system.Nitrospira, Thauera, Dechloromonas and Ignavibacterium, which have abilities to metabolize nitrogen and aromatic compounds, are most prevalent genera. The percent of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in the A2O sludge is 2.72% and 1.48%, respectively. In the current A2O sludge, the proportion of Candidatus Accumulibacter is 1.37%, which is several times more than that reported in a recent study of A2O sludge. Among the four processes of nitrogen metabolism, denitrification related genes had the highest number of sequences（76.74%）, followed by ammonification（15.77%）, nitrogen fixation（3.88%） and nitrification（3.61%）. In phylum Planctomycetes, four genera（Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata and Singulisphaera） are included in the top 30 abundant genera, suggesting the key role of ANAMMOX in nitrogen metabolism in the A2O sludge.展开更多
针对A^2/O+移动床生物膜反应器(A^2/O+MBBR)双污泥系统,以低碳氮比(C/N)生活污水为处理对象,考察启动过程的污泥特性和反硝化除磷特性,基于脱氮除磷的代谢机理建立系统的快速启动策略。研究结果表明:启动过程历时21 d完成,污泥结构稳定...针对A^2/O+移动床生物膜反应器(A^2/O+MBBR)双污泥系统,以低碳氮比(C/N)生活污水为处理对象,考察启动过程的污泥特性和反硝化除磷特性,基于脱氮除磷的代谢机理建立系统的快速启动策略。研究结果表明:启动过程历时21 d完成,污泥结构稳定且具有较好的污泥沉降性和生物活性;平均重量污泥浓度从1 189 mg/L增加到1 760 mg/L,SVI值在95 m L/g MLSS以下,反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)占聚磷菌(PAOs)的百分比从接种污泥时的10.87%增加到25.46%。启动过程,COD的去除效果基本稳定,A^2/O反应器可实现碳源的高效利用;硝化过程为反硝化除磷提供电子受体,TN的高效去除需要建立在NH+4-N氧化完全的基础上;PO_4^(3-)-P的去除特性与NO_3^--N的变化密切相关,除了缺氧区的同步脱氮除磷,好氧吸磷对稳定PO_4^(3-)-P出水浓度发挥着重要作用。在平均进水碳氮比为3.44的运行条件下,A^2/O+MBBR系统可实现有机物、氮、磷等污染物的同步高效去除,稳定运行阶段出水COD、NH_4^+-N、TN和PO_4^(3-)-P浓度分别为38.5、1.15、14.2、0.15 mg/L,COD、TN和PO_4^(3-)-P去除率分别为82.23%,74.72%和96.80%。DO、pH和ORP等实时控制参数的变化规律与脱氮除磷存在定量关系,稳定运行阶段厌氧区ORP为-398^-336 m V,反硝化过程pH值增幅0.55,ORP增加到-300^-175 m V,硝化过程pH值降低0.37。ORP、pH值可以直观地反映反硝化过程,pH值能够灵敏地反映硝化进程,实时控制参数的联合调控有利于促进系统的快速启动和稳定运行。展开更多
提出用模糊控制的方法控制 A/O(anoxic/oxic)工艺中好氧区 DO,设计出了结构相对简单、具有良好可靠性与稳定性的恒 DO 和串级 DO 模糊控制器。试验表明可以根据出水氨氮浓度调节 DO 值,使处理系统在处理水质满足要求的前提下尽可能节省...提出用模糊控制的方法控制 A/O(anoxic/oxic)工艺中好氧区 DO,设计出了结构相对简单、具有良好可靠性与稳定性的恒 DO 和串级 DO 模糊控制器。试验表明可以根据出水氨氮浓度调节 DO 值,使处理系统在处理水质满足要求的前提下尽可能节省运行费用。展开更多
文摘Microbial fuel cell (MFC) embedded in anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) process has positive effects on wastewater treatment, which can enhance the efficiencies of pollutants’ removal, along with electricity production. But the electricity generation performance and its optimization of MFC embedded in A2O process still needs to be further investigated. In this study, in order to optimize the contaminants removal and electricity production of the MFC-A2/O reactor, a lab-scale corridor-style MFC-A2/O reactor, which could simulate the practical A2/O biological reactor better, was designed and operated. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were continuously monitored so as the electricity generation. In addition, the influences of the structural parameters’ changes of MFC on the output voltage, including electrode material, the directly connected area and the distance between electrodes, were also studied. The results elucidated that the effluent quality of A2/O reactor could be improved when MFC was embedded, and all the investigated structural factors were closely related to the electricity generation performance of MFC to some extent.
文摘Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) salty wastewaters, containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), are very difficult to treat by biochemical process. Anoxic/oxic (A/O) biochemical system, based on nitrification and denitrification reactions, was used to assess their possible biodegradation. Because of the negative effects of high salt concentration (3%), heavy metals and toxic organic matter on microorganisms’ activities, some techniques consisting of dilution, coagulation and flocculation, and ozonation pretreatments, were gradually tested to evaluate chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (ammonia-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal rates. In this process of FCC wastewater, starting with university-domesticated sludge, the ammonia-N and TN removal rates were worst. However, when using domesticated SBR’s sludge and operating with five-fold daily diluted influent (thus reducing salt concentration), the ammonia-N removal reached about 57% while the TN removal rate was less than 37% meaning an amelioration of the nitrification process. However, by reducing the dilution factors, these results were inflected after some days of operation, with ammonia-N removal decreasing and TN barely removed meaning a poor nitrification. Even by reducing heavy metals concentration with coagulation/flocculation process, the results never changed. Thereafter, by using ozonation pre-treatment to degrade the detected organic matter of di-tert-butylphenol and certain isoparaffins, COD, ammonia-N and TN removal rates reached 92%, 62% and 61%, respectively. These results showed that the activities of the microorganisms were increased, thus indicating a net denitrification and nitrification reactions improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41430643)
文摘The anaerobic/anoxic/oxic（A2O） process is globally one of the widely used biological sewage treatment processes. This is the first report of a metagenomic analysis using Illumina sequencing of full-scale A2O sludge from a municipal sewage treatment plant.With more than 530,000 clean reads from different taxa and metabolic categories, the metagenome results allow us to gain insight into the functioning of the biological community of the A2O sludge. There are 51 phyla and nearly 900 genera identified from the A2O activated sludge ecosystem. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi are predominant phyla in the activated sludge, suggesting that these organisms play key roles in the biodegradation processes in the A2O sewage treatment system.Nitrospira, Thauera, Dechloromonas and Ignavibacterium, which have abilities to metabolize nitrogen and aromatic compounds, are most prevalent genera. The percent of nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism in the A2O sludge is 2.72% and 1.48%, respectively. In the current A2O sludge, the proportion of Candidatus Accumulibacter is 1.37%, which is several times more than that reported in a recent study of A2O sludge. Among the four processes of nitrogen metabolism, denitrification related genes had the highest number of sequences（76.74%）, followed by ammonification（15.77%）, nitrogen fixation（3.88%） and nitrification（3.61%）. In phylum Planctomycetes, four genera（Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata and Singulisphaera） are included in the top 30 abundant genera, suggesting the key role of ANAMMOX in nitrogen metabolism in the A2O sludge.
文摘针对A^2/O+移动床生物膜反应器(A^2/O+MBBR)双污泥系统,以低碳氮比(C/N)生活污水为处理对象,考察启动过程的污泥特性和反硝化除磷特性,基于脱氮除磷的代谢机理建立系统的快速启动策略。研究结果表明:启动过程历时21 d完成,污泥结构稳定且具有较好的污泥沉降性和生物活性;平均重量污泥浓度从1 189 mg/L增加到1 760 mg/L,SVI值在95 m L/g MLSS以下,反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)占聚磷菌(PAOs)的百分比从接种污泥时的10.87%增加到25.46%。启动过程,COD的去除效果基本稳定,A^2/O反应器可实现碳源的高效利用;硝化过程为反硝化除磷提供电子受体,TN的高效去除需要建立在NH+4-N氧化完全的基础上;PO_4^(3-)-P的去除特性与NO_3^--N的变化密切相关,除了缺氧区的同步脱氮除磷,好氧吸磷对稳定PO_4^(3-)-P出水浓度发挥着重要作用。在平均进水碳氮比为3.44的运行条件下,A^2/O+MBBR系统可实现有机物、氮、磷等污染物的同步高效去除,稳定运行阶段出水COD、NH_4^+-N、TN和PO_4^(3-)-P浓度分别为38.5、1.15、14.2、0.15 mg/L,COD、TN和PO_4^(3-)-P去除率分别为82.23%,74.72%和96.80%。DO、pH和ORP等实时控制参数的变化规律与脱氮除磷存在定量关系,稳定运行阶段厌氧区ORP为-398^-336 m V,反硝化过程pH值增幅0.55,ORP增加到-300^-175 m V,硝化过程pH值降低0.37。ORP、pH值可以直观地反映反硝化过程,pH值能够灵敏地反映硝化进程,实时控制参数的联合调控有利于促进系统的快速启动和稳定运行。
