基于磁粉纹法与Ansoft-Maxwell模拟法快速探究平面阴极靶的磁场分布

利用磁粉纹法结合少量的磁场实测值确定了平面阴极靶内永磁体的位置、分布及尺寸,结合阴极靶的其他主要结构参数,进一步建立了阴极靶的磁场计算模型。利用Ansoft-Maxwell软件模拟了该阴极靶整体、重要截面、重要路径的磁场大小和磁场矢量的分布及其变化规律,利用高斯计实测了靶材表面重要路径不同方向上的磁场分量。通过模拟值与实测值的对比表明:模拟计算出的靶面磁场与实测磁场的误差在5%以内,进一步说明利用磁粉纹法结合磁场模拟的方式可以较为准确和快速地预测未知平面磁控溅射阴极靶的磁场分布。

带支撑广义Maxwell粘弹性阻尼耗能结构风振响应分析

工程中粘弹性阻尼器的安装通过支撑与结构进行连接,但在安装粘弹性阻尼器的耗能结构随机响应分析中,为了简化计算过程,将支撑的刚度看作无穷大或者忽略支撑刚度的影响。实际上,对支撑刚度的影响加以考虑更能符合工程实际。针对考虑支撑刚度影响的粘弹性阻尼耗能结构风振响应分析过程复杂的问题,提出了一种求解考虑支撑影响的广义Maxwell粘弹性阻尼耗能结构基于Davenport谱风振响应的简明解析解法。在广义Maxwell粘弹性阻尼器微分型本构模型基础上,给出了考虑支撑刚度的粘弹性阻尼器等效本构关系。将粘弹性阻尼器等效本构关系与结构运动方程联立,采用复模态法将其解耦,获得结构风振响应的统一表达式。将耗能结构在Davenport风速谱下的系列响应功率谱密度函数分解为频域响应函数与Davenport功率谱密度函数的乘积形式,基于随机振动理论中谱矩的定义,对响应功率谱密度函数积分后获得无积分项的系列响应谱矩表达式。在算例中通过与虚拟激励法计算结果对比,验证了所提解法的准确性,并分析了支撑刚度在耗能系统中的影响。

不同分数导数下Maxwell杂化纳米流体流动和传热变化的灵敏度分析

研究多孔介质中垂直拉伸板引起的分数阶Maxwell杂化纳米流体流动与传热现象,并考虑二阶滑移边界条件.利用分数阶剪应力和分数阶Fourier定律构建边界层控制方程.然后采用有限差分结合L1算法进行数值求解,并详细讨论分数导数参数增大时,各物理参数对该流体流动与传热影响的灵敏度变化.结果表明,Darcy数和滑移参数对平均表面摩擦系数的影响,以及滑移参数对平均Nusselt数的影响,对速度分数导数比对温度分数导数更敏感.Darcy数对平均Nusselt数的影响只对温度分数导数敏感,与速度分数导数几乎无关.此外,一阶滑移参数比二阶滑移参数对流动和传热的影响更大.

基于Maxwell方程和R-L分数阶导数的高频激励条件下纳米晶材料磁滞特性预测模型

准确预测高频激励条件下纳米晶材料的磁滞特性,对电力电子变压器等高频电力设备磁性元件的优化设计具有重要意义。该文基于Maxwell方程和Riemann-Liouville(R-L)分数阶导数,建立高频激励下纳米晶材料磁滞特性预测模型。首先,根据Maxwell方程,首次推导出计及趋肤效应影响的涡流磁场强度解析式;其次,针对现有静态磁滞特性和异常效应建模方法未考虑趋肤效应影响的问题,依据R-L型分数阶导数理论,建立有效描述带材内部磁通密度分布不均时纳米晶静态磁滞特性与异常效应综合预测模型,并提出一种考虑频率效应的阻尼系数ρ和非整数阶n的解析计算方法;最后,基于磁场分离理论,建立高频激励下纳米晶材料磁滞特性预测模型。通过与纳米晶材料1K107B在高频激励下实测磁滞回线进行对比,验证该文所建预测模型的有效性。相较于经典模型,该文所建模型对磁滞回线的预测精度提升了35.8%。

基于Ansys Maxwell巨磁阻隔离器结构中线圈磁场的研究

巨磁阻(GMR)隔离器中平面线圈的主要作用是将电信号转化为磁信号,为了确定平面线圈的具体参数,基于Ansys Maxwell/2D对GMR隔离器结构中平面线圈的磁场影响参数进行扫描分析,确定了GMR隔离器的输入电流为5.94 mA,结合现有工艺条件,确定了平面线圈线宽5μm,线间距2μm,厚度2μm及线圈中心间距100μm。进一步利用Maxwell/3D建立平面线圈的3D模型,对该模型进行静磁场下的磁场强度分析,平面线圈在正下方13μm厚度的SiO_(2)隔离栅处产生的磁场强度为4.18 Oe左右,满足GMR隔离器的制作要求,为GMR隔离器平面线圈的设计提供参考。

基于Maxwell模型的压电驱动系统前馈控制方法

为了提高外腔可调谐半导体激光器的测量精度,基于Maxwell模型提出了用于消除其压电驱动系统迟滞非线性的前馈控制方法.基于经典Maxwell力学模型,建立了描述非凸、非对称迟滞环的静态迟滞模型;根据频率与位移幅值的关系建立了率相关系数矩阵,与静态迟滞模型耦合得到率相关迟滞模型,实现了不同频率下压电驱动系统迟滞非线性的精准预测;构建了迟滞逆模型,对压电驱动系统进行前馈补偿控制.实验结果表明,率相关迟滞模型具有较高的精度,1 Hz下模型均方根误差为0.049μm, 50 Hz下模型均方根误差为0.252μm.基于迟滞逆模型的前馈控制方法能够明显提高系统输出位移的线性度,增大线性度范围,线性相关系数R2由0.971 58提高到了0.999 77.

基于Maxwell的高压直流接触器静态和动态特性仿真

为了对某直流接触器的动作性能进行更加深入地了解和优化,对其静态、动态特性进行了分析。首先,论述了直流接触器的静态特性,根据该接触器的动作过程建立了反力方程,通过Maxwell软件分析了静态特性的吸反力曲线;然后,对接触器的动态特性进行理论分析,并通过Maxwell软件计算了动态特性的吸反力曲线、速度特性、位移特性及电流特性;最后,通过试验验证仿真结果。

非均匀磁场下Maxwell磁纳米流体的拉伸流动与磁扩散分析

磁性纳米颗粒可以提升聚合物的导电性和导热性等性能,被广泛应用于机械、生物医学、能源存储等领域.当外界施加非均匀磁场时,感应磁场在高Reynolds数的情况下不可忽略.为探究磁性纳米颗粒对层流边界层内黏弹性流体非稳态拉伸流动与磁扩散的影响,将时间分布阶Maxwell本构方程与动量方程耦合,建立了二维不可压缩Maxwell磁纳米流体的速度与磁扩散偏微分方程组.采用有限差分法进行数值分析,通过控制磁性纳米颗粒种类、体积分数和磁参数大小,分析了流体的速度和感应磁场在边界层内的分布.研究发现:在熔融聚合物中添加Fe2O3纳米颗粒后,流体的速度、感应磁场最大,速度和磁边界层的厚度最厚;Maxwell纳米流体的松弛时间参数增大,速度与磁扩散均减小;另外,随着磁参数增大,流体的速度边界层厚度减小,磁边界层厚度增大;Fe3O4纳米颗粒的体积分数越大,流体流动越快,感应磁场越小.因此,非均匀磁场下在聚合物中添加磁性纳米颗粒的研究,为改善材料的性能给予了可参考的数据.

非傅里叶效应对Maxwell流体在垂直槽道中热对流不稳定性的影响

基于Maxwell流体在科学、工程和技术等各个领域的重要性,并且结合非傅里叶热传导效应在许多不同研究领域的广泛关注,文章研究了非傅里叶效应对Maxwell流体在垂直槽道中热对流不稳定性的影响.将传统傅里叶热传导模型加入一个包含热松弛时间的新瞬态项,得到了非傅里叶热传导方程.使用切比雪夫配置法数值求解了一个广义特征值问题,得到了时间增长率和中性稳定曲线随各参数的变化情况.结果表明,时间增长率会随着松弛时间参数Λ增加而增加.中性稳定曲线表明,在波数相对较小的范围内,松弛时间的影响几乎可以忽略.但是当波数较大时,松弛时间对热对流不稳定性的影响逐渐加剧.这表明Maxwell流体的弹性效应增强了垂直管道内的热对流不稳定性.对于傅里叶流体,中性稳定性曲线不会随着Prandtl数变化.另一方面,非傅里叶效应增强了热对流不稳定性,并且新的双曲型热传导方程使得中性稳定曲线产生了波动现象.进一步研究表明,这种波动会随着Prandtl数的增加而增强.当Prandtl数超过一定临界值时,中性稳定曲线同时出现稳态分支和振荡分支,而且在振荡分支中,不稳定性显著增强.

基于Ansoft Maxwell的永磁直流空心杯电机有限元分析

永磁直流空心杯电机是空心杯电机的一种,体积小重量轻、转动惯量小、工作效率高、功率密度高,在航空航天及国防军事装备领域得到广泛的应用。以永磁直流空心杯电机为模型,运用Ansoft Maxwell软件搭建仿真模型,进行网格剖分、材料赋予及激励源等设置。求解并分析模型在稳态的磁场分布及瞬态的输出特性,为电机的设计与优化提供参考依据。

Maxwell Demon and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen Steering

Research of Maxwell demon and quantum entanglement is important because of its foundational significance in physics and its potential applications in quantum information. Previous studies on the Maxwell demon have primarily focused on thermodynamics, taking into account quantum correlations. Here we consider from another perspective and ask whether quantum non-locality correlations can be simulated by performing work. The Maxwell demon-assisted Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering is thus proposed, which implies a new type of loophole. The application of Landauer's erasure principle suggests that the only way to close this loophole during a steering task is by continuously monitoring the heat fluctuation of the local environment by the participant.We construct a quantum circuit model of Maxwell demon-assisted EPR steering, which can be demonstrated by current programmable quantum processors, such as superconducting quantum computers. Based on this quantum circuit model, we obtain a quantitative formula describing the relationship between energy dissipation due to the work of the demon and quantum non-locality correlation. The result is of great physical interest because it provides a new way to explore and understand the relationship between quantum non-locality, information, and thermodynamics.

基于ANSYS Maxwell的永磁直流空心杯电机三维仿真分析

以某型永磁直流伺服空心杯电机为例,利用ANSYS Maxwell软件建立三维有限元分析模型,对零件赋予材料属性及设置激励源,通过改进外电路设置及网格剖分方法,得到模型在稳态的磁场分布及瞬态的输出特性结果。对比3款电机的有限元与实测结果,结果表明,模拟数值与实测数值偏差均在5%以内,验证该有限元分析方法具有较高的准确性,为该类型电机的正向设计及优化提供理论依据。

基于ANSYS Maxwell建模的超高压输电线路工频电磁场分布研究

超高压交流输电线路产生的电磁辐射可能会对生物体造成危害。为探究超高压输电线路下方电磁场环境的问题,依据有限元仿真软件ANSYSMaxwell搭建500k V单回和双回输电线路的三维模型分析主要影响因素,重点仿真研究导线在不同的距地高度、排列方式、相序分布、相间距离、相导线分裂根数及子导线半径情况下对输电线路下方工频电场和工频磁感应强度分布规律的影响,并探讨了林地和墙体对磁场的抑制作用。

基于Maxwell-Wagner模型的含水绝缘油的介电性质分析

绝缘油的微水检测对保障电力变压器的安全运行具有重要意义,而含水绝缘油的介电性质分析能够为绝缘油的微水检测提供物性参考。将Maxwell-Wagner模型简化,得到混合介质复介电常数与离散相含量之间的关系式,基于Maxwell-Wagner模型探究了含水绝缘油在不同温度、不同微水体积分数下随电场频率变化的介电性质。结果表明:在0.5~20 GHz内,微水体积分数为0.0010%时,Maxwell-Wagner模型计算的含水绝缘油实部最大误差不超过0.0514%,虚部最大误差不超过1.0500%,因此该模型适用于研究含水绝缘油的介电性质。复介电常数实部变化量随微水体积分数升高而增大,随电场频率增加而变小;虚部变化量随微水体积分数增加而增大,随电场频率增加,先增大后减小。实部及虚部变化量均随温度的增加而增大。研究表明,微水体积分数、温度及频率能够显著影响含水绝缘油的介电性质。

The Maxwell-Heaviside Equations Explained by the Theory of Informatons

In the articles “Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation Explained by the Theory of Informatons” and “The Gravitational Interaction between Moving Mass Particles Explained by the Theory of Informatons” the gravitational interaction has been explained by the hypothesis that information carried by informatons is the substance of gravitational fields, i.e. the medium that the interaction in question makes possible. From the idea that “information carried by informatons” is its substance, it has been deduced that—on the macroscopic level—a gravitational field manifests itself as a dual entity, always having a field- and an induction component (Egand Bg) simultaneously created by their common sources. In this article we will mathematically deduce the Maxwell-Heaviside equations from the kinematics of the informatons. These relations describe on the macroscopic level how a gravitational field (Eg, Bg) is generated by whether or not moving masses and how spatial and temporal changes of Egand Bgare related. We show that there is no causal link between Egand Bg.

Energy Stable Nodal DG Methods for Maxwell’s Equations of Mixed-Order Form in Nonlinear Optical Media

In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic Kerr response,and the nonlinear delayed Raman molecular vibrational response.Unlike the first-order PDE-ODE governing equations considered previously in Bokil et al.(J Comput Phys 350:420–452,2017)and Lyu et al.(J Sci Comput 89:1–42,2021),a model of mixed-order form is adopted here that consists of the first-order PDE part for Maxwell’s equations coupled with the second-order ODE part(i.e.,the auxiliary differential equations)modeling the linear and nonlinear dispersion in the material.The main contribution is a new numerical strategy to treat the Kerr and Raman nonlinearities to achieve provable energy stability property within a second-order temporal discretization.A nodal discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is further applied in space for efficiently handling nonlinear terms at the algebraic level,while preserving the energy stability and achieving high-order accuracy.Indeed with d_(E)as the number of the components of the electric field,only a d_(E)×d_(E)nonlinear algebraic system needs to be solved at each interpolation node,and more importantly,all these small nonlinear systems are completely decoupled over one time step,rendering very high parallel efficiency.We evaluate the proposed schemes by comparing them with the methods in Bokil et al.(2017)and Lyu et al.(2021)(implemented in nodal form)regarding the accuracy,computational efficiency,and energy stability,by a parallel scalability study,and also through the simulations of the soliton-like wave propagation in one dimension,as well as the spatial-soliton propagation and two-beam interactions modeled by the two-dimensional transverse electric(TE)mode of the equations.

基于Maxwell的手机无线充电耦合线圈仿真分析

无线电能传输效率在很大程度上取决于耦合线圈的耦合系数。为了提高两线圈间的耦合系数,针对目前手机无线充电通常采用的平面线圈结构进行建模,使用Maxwell对常见平面圆形和平面方形两种线圈进行仿真分析,择出最优形状并对最优形状线圈的内外径、匝间距、有无磁芯进行仿真分析。结果表明:改变线圈内外径均能改变线圈的耦合系数,外径变化对耦合系数的影响更大;不同匝间距的线圈,其耦合系数也不相同,匝间距等减线圈能够有更高的耦合系数;有磁芯线圈相较于无磁芯线圈可以获得更高的耦合系数。

Maxwell Equations and Magnetic Monopoles

The manuscript introduces an “ab initio” quantum model to deduce the Maxwell equations. After general considerations and laying out the model’s theoretical framework, these equations can be derived alongside a broad variety of other results. Specifically, a corollary of the present model proposes a possible mechanism underlying the formation of magnetic monopoles and allows estimating their formation energy in order of magnitude.

Analysis of Modeling the Influence of Electromagnetic Fields Radiated by Industrial Static Converters and Impacts on Operators Using Maxwell’s Equations

The study of Electromagnetic Compatibility is essential to ensure the harmonious operation of electronic equipment in a shared environment. The basic principles of Electromagnetic Compatibility focus on the ability of devices to withstand electromagnetic disturbances and not produce disturbances that could affect other systems. Imperceptible in most work situations, electromagnetic fields can, beyond certain thresholds, have effects on human health. The objective of the present article is focused on the modeling analysis of the influence of geometric parameters of industrial static converters radiated electromagnetic fields using Maxwell’s equations. To do this we used the analytical formalism for calculating the electromagnetic field emitted by a filiform conductor, to model the electromagnetic radiation of this device in the spatio-temporal domain. The interactions of electromagnetic waves with human bodies are complex and depend on several factors linked to the characteristics of the incident wave. To model these interactions, we implemented the physical laws of electromagnetic wave propagation based on Maxwell’s and bio-heat equations to obtain consistent results. These obtained models allowed us to evaluate the spatial profile of induced current and temperature of biological tissue during exposure to electromagnetic waves generated by this system. The simulation 2D results obtained from computer tools show that the temperature variation and current induced by the electromagnetic field can have a very significant influence on the life of biological tissue. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis using advanced mathematical models to evaluate the influence of electromagnetic fields. The findings have direct implications for workplace safety, potentially influencing standards and regulations concerning electromagnetic exposure in industrial settings.

High-Order Spatial FDTD Solver of Maxwell’s Equations for Terahertz Radiation Production

We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma. We examined the performance of the applied scheme, in this context, we implemented the developed model to study selected phenomena in terahertz radiation production, such as the excitation energy and conversion efficiency of the produced THz radiation, in addition to the influence of the pulse chirping on properties of the produced radiation. The obtained numerical results have clarified that the applied HO-FDTD scheme is precisely accurate to solve Maxwell’s equations and sufficiently valid to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma.