Comparison of anti-atherosclerotic effects of two different extracts from leaves of Mallotus furetianus

Objective:To compare the anti-atherosclerotic effects of two different extracts from the leaves of Mallotus fiiretianus by using rat model of atherosclerosis.Methods:The air-flriefl powdered Mallotus fiiretianus leaves were extracted with ethanol and then evaporated.The ethanol extract was experienced Diaion HP-20 CC with a gradient of MeOH and H2O（50:50,100:0,v/v） and two fractions,Mallotus fiiretianus A（Mf A） and Mallotus fiiretianus B（MfB） were obtained.RaLs were divided into control,atherosclerosis and vitamin E,Mf A and Mf B treated groups.Atherosclerotic model was established by administering u loading dose of vitamin D3 and feeding standard diet enriched with 2%cholesterol,0.5%porcine chelate,0.2%methimazole,5%sugar,10%pork fat. Vitamin E（0.20 g/kg）,Mf A（0.053 g/kg）,Mf B（0.057 g/kg）（with the potential） were administered to interfere with the development of atherosclerosis.After 9 weeks,rats were sacrificed and the blood lipid as well as composition of bile was examined.In addition,the thoracic aorta was harvested to evaluate histological changes and the intima-media thickness ratio.Results: Atherosclerosis model was successfully established,administration of vitamin E,Mf A and Mf B increased excretion of total bilirubin in bile,decreased triglycridc（TO）,total cholesterol（TC）, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol（LDL-C） level,enhanced ratio of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and LDL-C in blood,improved histological changes and diminished intimamedia thickness ratio of thoracic aorta in atherosclerotic rats.As for the difference in antiatherosclerotic effects between Mf A and MfB,Mf A may be more powerful in declining TG level and Mf B may be more effective in decreasing TC level.Conclusions:The two different extracts. Mf A and Mf B can prevent the development of atherosclerosis.In detail,Mf A is more effective in regulating TG level and Mf B is more powerful in modulating TC.level in atherosclerotic rats.

Anti-Obesity, Anti-Atherosclerotic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Pu-Erh Tea on a High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rat Model

Pu-erh tea, a traditional Chinese beverage, has been believed to have many benefits to human health and without side effects. In this study, we systematically analyzed the main active components of Pu-erh tea and investigated its anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-oxidant effects using an obese rat model. Obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet and subsequently the experimental obese mice were fed with high-fat diet supplemented with low (2.5%), medium (5%) or high (7.5%) doses of Pu-erh tea powder for 6 weeks respectively. As result, the body weight gain of the rats was decreased by medium and high doses of Pu-erh tea treatments. Furthermore, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and atherosclerosis index (AI) were significantly lowered by Pu-erh tea compared to the control group. Conversely, high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) level of the rats was significantly elevated by Pu-erh tea treatments. In addition, Pu-erh tea treatments increased the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxides (GSH-Px), whereas reduced the level of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in obese rats. Collectively, our find-ings revealed that Pu-erh tea exerts comprehensive benefits in anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-oxidant effects, therefore can be used as a promising functional food in obesity management.

Anti-atherosclerotic effect of extract of traditional Chinese medicine formula Dan-yi-lian in ApoE^(-/-) mice

OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-atherosclerotic effect of the extract of traditional Chinese medicine formula Dan-yi-lian(DYL) and the related mechanism.METHODS Atherosclerosis(AS) mod.el was established in ApoE(-/-) mice with a western diet.The mice were orally administered with differ.ent doses of DYL or vehicle daily for 28 d.The anti-atherosclerotic effect was evaluated by measuring the aortic atherosclerotic lesion area and media thickness with ultrasound imaging and histological sec.tions staining method.The effect on blood lipid was investigated by determining TC,TG,LDL,HDL,Apo-A1,Apo-B,etc.The anti-oxidative activity as assessed by determining the level of SOD,CAT,GSH,GSH-Px and MDA.Western blot analysis was used to determine the effect on ICAM-1,VCAM-1,MMP-2 and TNF-α.RESULTS In Dan-yi-lian administered ApoE(-/-) mice,the plaque area and media thickness were significantly reduced.Meanwhile,serum TC,TG,LDL and Apo-B were decreased,in contrast to the increased level of HDL and Apo-A1.On the other hand,SOD,CAT,GSH and GSH-Px were increased,while MDA was reduced in liver homogenate.In addition,the expression of ICAM-1,VCAM-1,MMP-2 and TNF-α was obviously inhibited by Dan-yi-lian.CONCLUSION Dan-yi-lian exhibit.ed potent anti-athero-sclerotic efficacy,in which the lipid-regulating,anti-oxidative and anti-inflammato.ry mechanism might be involved.

Intracellular Cholesterol Retention—New Target for Direct Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy

Accumulation of cholesterol in arterial cells, intracellular cholesterol retention, may be responsible for all major manifestations of atherosclerosis on a cellular level. Previously we have shown that intracellular cholesterol retention is the principal event in the genesis of atherosclerotic lesions. This allows us to consider cellular retention of cholesterol as a novel target for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. In this case the target is not the level of blood cholesterol but the level of cholesterol in vascular cells. This review describes our approach based on the use of cultured human arterial cells for the development of direct anti-atherosclerotic therapy. We use natural products as the basis of promising drugs for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Using natural products, we have developed an approach to prevent intracellular cholesterol retention in cultured cells. Our knowledge of the mechanisms of atherosclerosis is the foundation on which we have developed drugs that have a direct anti-atherosclerotic effect, namely Allicor on the basis of garlic powder, anti-inflammatory drug Inflaminat (calendula, elder, and violet) possessing anti-cytokine activity and phytoestrogen-rich drug Karinat (garlic powder, extract of grape seeds, green tea leaves, hop cones, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid). Treatment with allicor or inflaminat has a direct anti-atherosclerotic effect on carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic men. Karinat prevents the development of carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Thus, the main findings of our basic research have been successfully translated into clinical practice. As a result, this translation, a novel approach to the development of anti-atherosclerotic therapy, has been established. Our clinical trials have confirmed the suitability of innovative approach and the efficacy of novel drugs developed on the basis our methodology.

Direct anti-atherosclerotic therapy preventing intracellular cholesterol retention

The key initiating process in atherogenesis is the subendothelial cholesterol retention, which is both necessary and sufficient to provoke lesion initiation. Retention of cholesterol transported by low density lipoprotien (LDL) in subendothelial cells of arterial wall, is an absolute requirement for lesion development. This allows us to consider intracellular cholesterol retention as a novel target for anti-atherosclerotic therapy. In this case, the target is not the level of blood cholesterol but the level of cholesterol in vascular cells. This review summarizes the results of our basic studies shedding light on the mechanisms of intracellular cholesterol retention. We describe our cellular models to search for anti-atherosclerotic agents and demonstrate the use of these models for the development of anti-atherosclerotic drugs. We use natural products as the basis of anti-atherosclerotic drugs because anti-atherosclerotic therapy should be long-term or even lifelong. Using cellular models and natural products, we have developed an approach to prevent intracellular cholesterol retention in cultured subendothelial aortic cells. We have developed drugs that reduce intracellular cholesterol retention, namely Allicor on the basis of garlic powder, anti-inflammatory drug Inflaminat (calendula, elder, and violet) possessing anti-cytokine activity and phytoestrogen-rich drug Karinat (garlic powder, extract of grape seeds, green tea leaves, hop cones, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid). Treatment with Allicor or Inflaminat caused regression of carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic men. Karinat prevented the development of new atherosclerotic plaques in postmenopausal women. Thus, the main findings of our basic research have been successfully translated into clinics. As a result, this translation, a novel approach to the development of anti-atherosclerotic therapy, has been established. Our clinical trials have confirmed the suitability of innovative approach and the efficacy of novel drugs developed on the basis our methodology.

基于3,5-二溴水杨醛席夫碱镍配合物-氧化石墨烯电化学免疫传感器检测Anti-IgG含量的研究

应用物理吸附法将羊抗人IgG抗原直接固定于3,5-二溴水杨醛席夫碱镍配合物-氧化石墨烯修饰的金电极表面,制备电化学免疫传感器。采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法对传感器进行表征,结果表明该传感器适合检测Anti-IgG浓度。同时探讨了缓冲液pH值、扫描速度、免疫反应温度、抗原与抗体配比对循环伏安峰电流的影响,结果表明在5-100mV/s扫速范围内,峰电流与扫速呈线性。孵育最优条件为25℃,h-IgG与Anti-IgG配比为1∶1。循环伏安法研究还表明Anti-IgG浓度在0.01-260μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数r^2=0.993,检出限（S/N=3）为0.006μg/L,据此建立了检测Anti-IgG浓度的新方法。

信号分子IRAK1/4在antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF中的作用探讨

目的:探讨IRAK1和IRAK4在antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导单核细胞株THP-1表达组织因子(TF)中的作用。方法:利用荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)、TF活性试剂盒分别检测THP-1细胞表达TF mRNA及TF活性;Western blot检测anti-β2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达IRAK1、磷酸化-IRAK1(p-IRAK1)、IRAK4情况;观察IRAK1/4抑制物是否干预anti-β2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1表达TF。结果:Antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)诱导THP-1细胞表达TF显著增加(P<0.05 vs control);Antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)刺激THP-1细胞表达IRAK1、p-IRAK1、IRAK4(蛋白)显著升高(P<0.05 vscontrol);IRAK1/4抑制物(50μmol/L)能够阻断antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)诱导THP-1表达TF及IRAK1磷酸化的效应。结论:antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF过程中,信号分子IRAK1/4被激活进而发挥重要作用。

三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面的S_t^1×S_s^1-值光锥Gauss映射的奇点分类

利用Arnol'd的Legendrian理论,对三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面进行了研究.引入光维高度函数概念研究了三维Anti de Sitter空间Lorentzian曲面的S1t×S1s-值、光锥Gauss映射的奇点,进行了奇点分类,揭示了类光Causs-kronecker曲率之间的关系;并研究了Lorentzian曲面的一些基本几何性质.

On the Construction of Deepening Anti - corruption Mechanism

It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.

Anti-Bacterial and Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric by One-Bath Finishing

A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products

Testing of Anti-stripping Property of Friction Spun Core Yarn

Friction spun core yarn has two components: filament core and staple fiber sheath. Under axial rubbing action, the failure mode of the core yarn is the stripping of the sheath from the core. This paper introduces a method to test the anti - stripping property of the core yarn. With a modified Universal Testing Machine, the stripping resistance of friction spun core yarn can be continuously measured. Some factors Influencing the measurements are discussed in detail. The testing results are compared with those from a Y731 Yarn Abrasion Tester and fur - ther confirmed by weaving practice.

CT血管成像联合OXLDL-Ab及Hcy对冠心病早期诊断的价值分析

目的分析CT血管成像(CTA)联合氧化型低密度脂蛋白自身抗体(OXLDL-Ab)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)对冠心病早期诊断价值。方法将我院100例疑似冠心病患者作为研究对象,均进行冠状动脉造影(CAG)、CTA、血清OXLDL-Ab和Hcy检查,并以CAG诊断结果为标准,评估不同检查方法对冠心病的早期诊断价值。结果OXLDL-Ab、Hcy诊断冠心病截断点分别为45.43μg/mL、14.92μmol/L,曲线下面积分别为0.768、0.793,诊断灵敏度分别为77.53%、79.78%,特异度分别为72.73%、63.64%,准确度分别为77.00%、78.00%;CTA对冠心病诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为91.01%、81.82%、90.00%;OXLDL-Ab+Hcy+CTA对冠心病诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为98.88%、90.91%、98.00%,CTA对冠心病诊断灵敏度、准确度均高于OXLDL-Ab、Hcy单一检查(P<0.05);OXLDL-Ab+Hcy+CTA对冠心病诊断灵敏度、准确度均高于OXLDL-Ab、Hcy、CTA单一检查(P<0.05)。结论CTA联合OXLDL-Ab及Hcy检查可提高对冠心病的诊断效能。

<i>In Vivo</i>and <i>in Vitro</i>Evaluation of Anti Diabetic and Insulin Secretagogue Activities of <i>Capparis zeylanica</i>

Since ancient times, traditional medicines have been in the usage for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus. An edible fruit from traditional medicinal plant Capparis zeylanica (CZ) was studied for its anti diabetic, insulin secretagogue activities and mechanisms involved in it. In Streptozotocin induced diabetes rats, oral administration of Capparis zeylanica methanolic extract (CZME) (200 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels by 35.53% and enhanced circulating insulin levels by 81.82% than the diabetic control rats. The insulin secretagogue activity mechanisms of the extract were evaluated by using mouse insulinoma beta cell line (MIN6-β). The extract stimulated insulin release in dependent manner of glucose concentration (3 - 16.7 mM) and extract dose (5 - 500 μg/mL). The insulin releasing effect of the extract was significantly enhanced by 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine, glibenclamide, elevated extracellular calcium and K+ depolarized media. This insulin release was significantly reduced in calcium blocking conditions (by nifedipine and EGTA), in the presence of potassium channel opener (diazoxide). Hence, anti diabetic activity of CZME might be a result of its stimulatory effect on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells via KATP channel dependent and independent ways. These results indicate that CZ fruits have the potential to use in diabetes therapy.

Exact Traveling Wave Solutions of Nano-Ionic Solitons and Nano-Ionic Current of MTs Using the exp(-φ (ξ ))-Expansion Method

In this work, the exp(-φ (ξ )) -expansion method is used for the first time to investigate the exact traveling wave solutions involving parameters of nonlinear evolution equations. When these parameters are taken to be special values, the solitary wave solutions are derived from the exact traveling wave solutions. The validity and reliability of the method are tested by its applications to Nano-ionic solitons wave’s propagation along microtubules in living cells and Nano-ionic currents of MTs which play an important role in biology.

支架介入术联合双联抗血小板治疗颅内低灌注颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄临床研究

目的:探究支架介入术联合双联抗血小板治疗颅内低灌注的颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(ICAS)的疗效。方法:选取收治的低灌注ICAS患者186例,根据患者临床治疗方式不同分为对照组(n=102)和联合组(n=84)。对照组给予双联抗血小板方案治疗,联合组在对照组基础上采用血管内支架置入治疗,比较两组ICAS患者治疗1个月后临床疗效,经颅多普勒超声检查治疗前后动脉狭窄段收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、搏动指数(PI),采用CT脑灌注成像分析患侧脑血流速度(CBF)、脑血容积(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)。神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)和日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)于治疗前后分别评估神经功能缺损评分和日常生活能力。统计患者治疗后1年内临床不良事件发生情况。结果:联合组临床总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,联合组PSV、PI和MTT低于对照组,rCBF和rCBV高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,联合组NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组临床不良事件总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:ICAS患者经支架介入术联合双抗血小板治疗后获得较好的疗效,有效改善颅内动脉血管狭窄情况,减轻神经缺损症状,提高日常生活能力,且短期内不会增加不良事件发生。

In vivo perfusion staining of atherosclerotic lesions and a novel quantification method for lesion size in sequential aortic root sectioning in murine models

Objectives To develop a simple, accurate and reproducible method, which combines macro and histopathological techniques for determining the degree of lipid deposition in genetically modified mice. Method The entire aortas from C57BL/6, ldlr-/- and apoE-/- mice were stained with Sudan IV using either in vivo perfusion or traditional in vitro enface staining techniques. Histological sections of aortic root and hearts were embedded in tissue freezing medium and cut with a cryostat, then stained with Oil Red O. The calculated aortic root area based on the aortic root circumference was used to reduce measurement errors. Results The in vitro en face staining can stain all fat, which include the adventitial tissue around aorta. However the in vivo perfusion staining can specifically stain the fatty deposition inside of aorta. Both entire aorta and aortic root section staining showed that there was a highly significant increase in fatty deposition in the aortas of the genetic modified mice. Although all mice genetic background was same, the apoE-/- mice had larger atherosclerotic lesions than ldlr-/- mice. Conclusions The new in vivo peffusion method is more accurate than the in vitro en face method. The combination of these macro and microscopic techniques overcomes the shortcomings of the earlier published methods which are generally limited to the measurement of fatty red staining areas only, neglecting non-specific adventitial fat staining around aorta and aortic root section tissue distortion.

苜蓿总皂苷提取物抗动脉粥样硬化和降血脂的实验研究

目的观察苜蓿总皂苷提取物抗大鼠动脉粥样硬化和降血脂作用。方法该实验采用高脂饲料、血管壁钙超载、内皮损伤三者结合引发大鼠大血管动脉粥样硬化斑块模型。检测指标:用紫外分光光度计测定血清总胆固醇TCH,甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的含量;并计算低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的含量和动脉粥样硬化指数(AI);检测主动脉的病理变化。结果苜蓿总皂苷提取物可明显降低高脂血症大鼠的血清TCH,TG,LDL-C水平,明显升高HDL-C水平,明显降低AI,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);主动脉斑块的病变分级,苜蓿总皂苷提取物明显降低粥样硬化面积,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。冠状动脉病变分级,苜蓿总皂苷提取物能明显降低AS病变发生率,减轻斑块对管腔的阻塞程度。结论苜蓿总皂苷提取物具有降血脂和抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。

抗血栓、抗动脉硬化中草药的筛选

血小板中环氧酶和脂氧酶作用于花生四烯酸代谢系统，可产生形成血栓的血栓烷Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）及引起过敏性疾病的１２－羟基二十碳四烯酸（１２－ＨＥＴＥ）。ＴＸＡ２不稳定，迅速生成稳定的ＴＸＢ２，因此抑制ＴＸＢ２生成则可抑制血栓生成，抑制１２－ＨＥＴＥ生成则可预防动脉硬化及过敏性疾病。本文利用放射薄层方法，测定兔血中血小板花生四烯酸代谢产物ＴＸＢ２和１２－ＨＥＴＥ的生成量，筛选了４８种中药，其中２３味中药可选择性抑制环氧酶和脂氧酶的活性。浓度为１ｍｇ／Ｌ显示抑制作用强的中药有五倍子、柳叶，浓度为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ抑制作用较强的中药有桂皮、五倍子、茴香、黑加仑、蒲公英、甘草、车前草。

连翘苷对ApoE基因敲除小鼠主动脉斑块形成的干预作用研究

目的评价连翘苷对主动脉斑块形成的干预作用。方法采用Apo E-/-小鼠喂养西方膳食饲料的方法建立动脉粥样硬化模型,建模同时用连翘苷低、中、高三个剂量(5 mg·kg-1、15 mg·kg-1、45 mg·kg-1BW)进行灌胃干预,连续12周。12周后,比较各组主动脉斑块面积以及Ac LDL刺激下的骨髓来源巨噬细胞PPAR-r、ABCA1、ABCG1、SR-B1基因的表达情况。结果与模型对照组相比,连翘苷中、高剂量组的主动脉斑块面积减少(P<0.05),骨髓来源巨噬细胞PPAR-r、ABCA1、ABCG1、SR-B1基因表达均上调(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论连翘苷具有一定的抗动脉粥样硬化作用,其机制可能与促进巨噬细胞胆固醇流出的途径有关。

2型糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者降糖药物应用专家共识

动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)包括冠心病、缺血性卒中及外周动脉疾病,是2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者致死和致残的主要原因。目前国内外糖尿病防治指南均推荐,对于T2DM患者,必须加强高血糖、高血压、血脂异常、肥胖等多重心血管危险因素的综合管理,以最大限度降低心血管事件和死亡风险。近年来,由于美国FDA的强制性要求,全球已完成或正在开展一系列新型降糖药物的心血管结局研究(CVOT)。已经公布的两项CVOT显示,在伴有心血管疾病或高危因素的T2DM患者中,恩格列净和利拉鲁肽可显著降低心血管事件和死亡风险。因此,本共识建议,对于T2DM合并ASCVD患者,在选择降糖药物时,除关注降糖疗效外,还应特别注意心血管安全性问题;对于血糖控制不佳的这类患者,在二甲双胍等标准治疗的基础上可考虑优先选择具有明确心血管获益证据的降糖药物(如利拉鲁肽或恩格列净)治疗。