Effective treatment of depression improves post-myocardial infarction survival

AIM: To examine the contribution of treatment resistant depression(TRD) to mortality in depressed postmyocardial infarction(MI) patients independent of biological and social predictors.METHODS: This secondary analysis study utilizes the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease(ENRICHD) clinical trial data.From 1834 depressed patients in the ENRICHD study,there were 770 depressed post-MI patients who were treated for depression.In this study,TRD is defined as having a less than 50% reduction in Hamilton Depression(HAM-D) score from baseline and a HAM-D score of greater than 10 in 6 mo after depression treatment began.Cox regression analysis was used to examine the independent contributions of TRD to mortality after controlling for the biological and social predictors.RESULTS: TRD occurred in 13.4%(n = 103) of the 770 patients treated for depression.Patients with TRD were significantly younger in age(P = 0.04)(mean = 57.0 years,SD = 11.7) than those without TRD(mean = 59.2 years,SD = 12.0).There was a significantly higher percentage of females with TRD(57.3%) compared to females without TRD(47.4%) [χ2(1) = 4.65,P = 0.031].There were significantly more current smokers with TRD(44.7%) than without TRD(33.0%) [χ2(1) = 7.34,P = 0.007].There were no significant differences in diabetes(P = 0.120),history of heart failure(P = 0.258),prior MI(P = 0.524),and prior stroke(P = 0.180) between patients with TRD and those without TRD.Mortality was 13%(n = 13) in patients with TRD and 7%(n = 49) in patients without TRD,with a mean follow-up of 29 mo(18 mo minimum and maximum of 4.5 years).TRD was a significant independent predictor of mortality(HR =1.995; 95%CI: 1.011-3.938,P = 0.046) after controlling for age(HR = 1.036; 95%CI: 1.011-1.061,P = 0.004),diabetes(HR = 2.912; 95%CI: 1.638-5.180,P < 0.001),heart failure(HR = 2.736; 95%CI: 1.551-4.827,P = 0.001),and smoking(HR = 0.502; 95%CI: 0.228-1.105,P = 0.087).CONCLUSION: The analysis of TRD in the ENRICHD study shows that the effective treatment of depression reduced mortality in depressed post-MI patients.It is important to monitor the effectiveness of depression treatment and change treatments if necessary to reduce depression and improve cardiac outcomes in depressed post-MI patients.

柴胡-白芍单味、药对配方颗粒与传统汤剂化学成分及抗抑郁对比研究

运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法比较柴胡-白芍单味、药对配方颗粒与传统汤剂的主要有效成分变化,建立利血平拮抗急性抑郁模型探讨药对合煎与单煎合并的抗抑郁作用差异。采用COSMOSIL 5C 18-MS-Ⅱ柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相;体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;进样量10μL;采用双波长(210、230 nm)检测。酶联免疫吸附剂实验及对相关组织进行HE、Nissl染色分析不同剂型对小鼠抑郁效果的影响。结果表明,柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d、芍药苷和氧化芍药苷的含量在柴胡-白芍单味配方颗粒混溶中低于柴胡-白芍药对配方颗粒与传统汤剂;柴胡-白芍单味配方颗粒混溶组、柴胡-白芍药对配方颗粒组和传统汤剂组均能使小鼠脑内5-羟色胺、多巴胺水平明显提高(P<0.05,P<0.01);血清中白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-1β及肿瘤坏死因子含量显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),抗炎因子白细胞介素-10显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶不同程度地升高,丙二醛显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。HPLC检测方法重复性好,稳定可靠。通过抑制炎症和缓解氧化应激,柴胡-白芍药对配方颗粒与传统汤剂较柴胡-白芍单味配方颗粒混溶改善抑郁症状显著。

Effects of Yulangsan polysaccharide on monoamine neurotransmitters, adenylate cyclase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in a mouse model of depression induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress

The present study established a mouse model of depression induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress. The model mice were treated with Yulangsan polysaccharide （YLSPS; 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg） for 21 days, and compared with fluoxetine-treated and normal control groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioimmunity and immunohistochemical staining showed that following treatment with YLSPS （300 and 600 mg/kg）, monoamine neurotransmitter levels, prefrontal cortex adenylate cyclase activity and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression were significantly elevated, and depression-like behaviors were improved. Open-field and novelty-suppressed feeding tests showed that mouse activity levels were increased and feeding latency was shortened following treatment. Our results indicate that YLSPS inhibits depression by upregulating monoamine neurotransmitters, prefrontal cortex adenylate cyclase activity and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression.

Antidepressant and cognitive activities of intranasal piperine-encapsulated liposomes

Antidepressant and cognitive effects of piperine -encapsulated liposomes (PL) were investigated in male Wistar rats. Oral piperine (5 mg/kg body weight/day) and intranasal PL (7.2 μg/day) were randomly assigned to daily administer for 14 days to rats which were subjected to forced swimming, Mor-ris water maze and spontaneous motor behavior tests. PL significantly exhibited anti-depression like activity and cognitive enhancing effects, in comparison to the control groups after the first dose (p < 0.01) and the effects could be maintained throughout the period of study. Quantitative analysis of the brain homogenates by HPLC indicated that piperine, delivered either orally or nasally, distributed to the hippocampus at a higher extent than the cortex and that the time to peak concentration of nasal PL was shorter than for the oral piperine. Intranasal PL was, thus, potential in delivery of piperine, at a low dose, to exert its an-tidepressant and cognitive enhancing activities.

基于3,5-二溴水杨醛席夫碱镍配合物-氧化石墨烯电化学免疫传感器检测Anti-IgG含量的研究

应用物理吸附法将羊抗人IgG抗原直接固定于3,5-二溴水杨醛席夫碱镍配合物-氧化石墨烯修饰的金电极表面,制备电化学免疫传感器。采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法对传感器进行表征,结果表明该传感器适合检测Anti-IgG浓度。同时探讨了缓冲液pH值、扫描速度、免疫反应温度、抗原与抗体配比对循环伏安峰电流的影响,结果表明在5-100mV/s扫速范围内,峰电流与扫速呈线性。孵育最优条件为25℃,h-IgG与Anti-IgG配比为1∶1。循环伏安法研究还表明Anti-IgG浓度在0.01-260μg/L范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数r^2=0.993,检出限（S/N=3）为0.006μg/L,据此建立了检测Anti-IgG浓度的新方法。

信号分子IRAK1/4在antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF中的作用探讨

目的:探讨IRAK1和IRAK4在antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导单核细胞株THP-1表达组织因子(TF)中的作用。方法:利用荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)、TF活性试剂盒分别检测THP-1细胞表达TF mRNA及TF活性;Western blot检测anti-β2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达IRAK1、磷酸化-IRAK1(p-IRAK1)、IRAK4情况;观察IRAK1/4抑制物是否干预anti-β2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1表达TF。结果:Antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)诱导THP-1细胞表达TF显著增加(P<0.05 vs control);Antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)刺激THP-1细胞表达IRAK1、p-IRAK1、IRAK4(蛋白)显著升高(P<0.05 vscontrol);IRAK1/4抑制物(50μmol/L)能够阻断antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物(100μg/ml)诱导THP-1表达TF及IRAK1磷酸化的效应。结论:antiβ-2GPI/β2GPI复合物诱导THP-1细胞表达TF过程中,信号分子IRAK1/4被激活进而发挥重要作用。

聚(油酸-苯乙烯)双功能润滑油添加剂的合成

以植物油中广泛存在的油酸为原料,引入第二单体苯乙烯,采用Schlenk装置,通过溶液聚合法合成了油酸-苯乙烯共聚物(POS),采用FTIR,^(1)H NMR,TG表征了合成产物的结构,测定了它的相对分子质量及多分散性指数,并评价了它的抗磨和降凝性能。实验结果表明,在80℃、油酸与苯乙烯质量比为3∶7、引发剂含量为0.8%(w)、反应10 h时,POS的收率为47.52%、相对分子质量为1.203×10^(4)、多分散性指数为1.63。将0.8%(w)的POS添加到润滑油馏分(350~395℃)中,可将磨斑直径降低0.334 mm,凝点降低10℃。POS可作为一种兼有抗磨和降凝双重功能的润滑油添加剂代替传统石油基润滑油添加剂。

三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面的S_t^1×S_s^1-值光锥Gauss映射的奇点分类

利用Arnol'd的Legendrian理论,对三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面进行了研究.引入光维高度函数概念研究了三维Anti de Sitter空间Lorentzian曲面的S1t×S1s-值、光锥Gauss映射的奇点,进行了奇点分类,揭示了类光Causs-kronecker曲率之间的关系;并研究了Lorentzian曲面的一些基本几何性质.

On the Construction of Deepening Anti - corruption Mechanism

It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.

Synergistic Suppression of Cortical Spreading Depression under NR2A and NR2B Inhibition

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a transient synaptic excitation, followed by depression, which can propagate slowly across cortex, subcortex and retina. CSD is implicated in migraine with aura and may lead to migraine pain. CSD can be suppressed by inhibition of both NR2A and NR2B containing N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. However, whether there is a synergistic effect of co-inhibition of NR2A and NR2B containing receptors on CSD remains unknown. In this study, an efficient in vitro model of migraine with intrinsic optical imaging approach was applied to address this role of co-activation of both NR2A and NR2B in CSD. The results showed that co-application of NVP-AAM077, a drug selectively targeting for NR2A and Ro 25-6981, a drug selectively targeting for NR2B containing receptors, showed synergistic inhibitory effects on propagation rate and the magnitude of CSD in a concentration dependent manner in chick retina. Inhibition of CSD propagation was also observed by a clinical acceptable drug that antagonizes both NR2A and NR2B containing receptors, memantine, at 10 μM. These data suggest that combinational use of antagonists selectively targeting NR2A and NR2B containing receptors could be a useful strategy for preventative treatment of migraine with improved efficacy with potential alleviated side effects.

基于GC-MS和网络药理学研究南柴胡挥发油抗抑郁作用机制

本研究基于气相色谱制。运用GC-MS技术,结合文献,对南柴胡挥发油化学成分进行分析鉴定;查找SwissADME数据库筛选满足“类药五原则”的成分;通过Swiss TargetPrediction数据库预测成分靶点,利用GeneCards和DrugBank数据库富集抑郁相关靶点;进一步使用Venny 2.1.0在线工具获取成分和疾病的交集靶点;在Cytoscape软件中构建PPI蛋白相互作用网络,筛选核心靶点;将核心靶点导入DAVID数据库完成GO和KEGG分析,随后使用微生信平台进行可视化分析并利用Cytoscape软件构建成分靶点通路图。结果从南柴胡挥发油中共鉴定出28个主要成分,且均满足“类药五原则”,最终筛选出ESR1、GSK3B、JUN、CXCL8、MMP2、F2R、GNAI3和PRKCA等45个核心靶点,富集分析发现南柴胡挥发油抗抑郁作用主要涉及的通路包括雌激素信号通路、Rap1信号通路、Reaxin信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路和cAMP信号通路等。本研究证明南柴胡挥发油抗抑郁作用可能是通过多靶点、多成分起作用,可为南柴胡药材质量标准的制订和提升提供更加可靠的依据。

Discontinuation of antidepressant therapy among patients with major depressive disorder

Objective: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often discontinue antidepressant therapy pre- maturely risking relapse, despite United Kingdom (UK) guidelines recommending therapy for up to at least six months after remission. More information is needed on the patterns of antidepressant discontinuation in UK primary care. Objectives of the study were to assess the patterns, incidence and predictors of therapy discontinuation among MDD patients initiating treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using general practices registered with the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). 15,274 patients with MDD receiving a first ever prescription (index) for an SSRI between 2006-2008 were identified in GPRD. Discontinuation (including temporary gaps) and cessation of antidepressant therapy were examined over follow-up. Predictors of incidence of discontinuation in the six months after index were assessed. Results: Incidence of discontinuation of antidepressant therapy over follow-up was 80.05 per 100 person years (95% CI 78.94 - 81.17). At six months after index 42% of patients had discontinued and 33% had ceased therapy altogether. Lower discontinuation of index SSRI therapy in the first six months after initiation was associated with higher age, higher body mass index (BMI), and comorbid irritable bowel syndrome. Higher discontinuation was associated with paroxetine or fluoxetine at index, and a more recent index calendar year. Conclusions: There is a significant risk of discontinuation of antidepressant therapy in the 6 months after initiation of treatment for MDD. This finding requires awareness by the general practitioner (GP) to ensure implementation of optimal treatment regimens, and minimization of therapy non-compliance among MDD patients.

前庭康复联合抗焦虑治疗持续性姿势-知觉性头晕的疗效观察

目的 探讨前庭康复(VR)联合抗焦虑治疗持续性姿势-知觉性头晕(PPPD)的疗效。方法 收集2021年1月至2022年12月浙江大学医学院附属金华医院诊断为PPPD的患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组(VR联合抗焦虑治疗)37例和对照组(仅抗焦虑治疗)37例。采用眩晕残障程度评定量表(DHI)评分评估患者眩晕程度,失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)评分和医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS,分为焦虑亚量表HADS-A和抑郁亚量表HADS-D)评分分别评估患者失眠、焦虑和抑郁程度。采用Pearson相关分析治疗前ISI、HADS-A和HADS-D与DHI的相关性;比较两组患者在治疗前和治疗8周后各项评分的差异。结果 治疗前,PPPD患者眩晕程度与失眠程度、焦虑程度、抑郁程度均呈显著正相关(r=0.581、0.706、0.416,均P<0.01)。治疗前两组患者各项评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗8周后两组患者HADS-A、HADS-D、ISI、DHI评分均显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);研究组HADS-A、ISI、DHI评分均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 VR联合抗焦虑治疗较仅抗焦虑治疗能显著改善PPPD患者焦虑、失眠和眩晕症状。

Risk Factors for Viral Non-Suppression among People Living with HIV and Major Depressive Disorder in Uganda

Background: Several studies indicate that depression is associated with non-viral suppression among persons living with HIV (PLWH) using antiretroviral therapy (ART) worldwide. However, among PLWH with major depressive disorder, factors associated with non-viral suppression remain uncertain. We determined the prevalence and identified the factors associated with viral non-suppression among PLWH with major depressive disorder using ART in Northern Uganda. Method: A total of 30 primary care HIV clinics across three northern districts (Gulu, Kitgum, Pader) participated in the study. Using baseline data from the SEEK-GSP study, a cluster-randomized trial in northern Uganda (2016-2019) that involved 1140 PLWH with mild to moderate major depressive disorder;we examined the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors using standardized questionnaires. Data on viral load was abstracted from clinic records and dichotomized into suppressed (Results: We recruited 1140 PLWH. The viral non-suppression prevalence was 12.2%. In multivariable analysis, the only baseline psychosocial variable independently associated with non-viral suppression was suicide risk (PRR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.32, p-value = 0.029). The prevalence odds for non-viral suppression were 56% higher among depressed PLWH with moderate to high suicide risk than those with low suicide risk. Among clinical variables, duration on ART ≥ 4 years was independently associated with non-viral suppression (PRR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.32, p-value = 0.015). Conclusions: Suicide risk and longer duration on ART are associated with non-viral suppression among anti-retroviral therapy users with mild to moderate major depressive disorder in Uganda. As ART is scaled up across Sub-Saharan Africa, first-line psychological care for depression and its complications is urgently needed in established HIV treatment centers.

Behavioral Characteristics of Pharmacologically Selected Lines of Rats: Relevance to Depression

This brief review discusses the behavioral consequences of two pharmacologically selected lines of rats. Flinders Sensitive (FSL) and Flinders Resistant (FRL) Lines of rats were selected on the basis of differential hypothermic and behavioral responses to the anticholinesterase, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). FSL rats are more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of cholinergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic agonists but less sensitive to the locomotor or stereotypic effects of dopamine agonists. FSL rats exhibit greater immobility in the forced swim test and reduced social interaction compared with FRL rats, but do not differ in saccharin intake, behavior in the elevated plus maze, or responses for rewarding brain self-stimulation. The exaggerated immobility and reduced social interaction are counteracted by chronic treatment with antidepressants. Because FSL rats were more sensitive to 5-HT1A receptor agonists, high (HDS) and low (LDS) 8-OH-DPATsensitive lines were selectively bred for differential hypothermic responses to the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). HDS rats were also more sensitive to the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine, a cholinergic agonist, but selection for this response did not diverge with later selection. HDS rats exhibited greater immobility in the forced swim test than LDS rats and this correlated response could be seen early in selection (generation 3). HDS rats also showed reduced social interaction compared to LDS rats, but did not differ in behavior in the elevated plus maze. These findings confirm that selection for hypothermic responses to pharmacological agents do have behavioral consequences, notably the production of depressive-like phenotypes, which can be counteracted by chronic antidepressant treatment. Because increased 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity was common to both selected lines (FSL and HDS), neurobiological processes dependent on this receptor could contribute to the abnormal behaviors that manifest in these rat lines and thus suggesting a mechanism underlying depressive behaviors in humans. However, available human data are inconsistent with this hypothesis and suggest that other mechanisms underlie these behavioral abnormalities in HDS and FSL rats. These mechanisms as well as additional behavioral testing in these rat lines will be discussed.

Anti-Bacterial and Flame Retardant for Cotton Fabric by One-Bath Finishing

A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products

Testing of Anti-stripping Property of Friction Spun Core Yarn

Friction spun core yarn has two components: filament core and staple fiber sheath. Under axial rubbing action, the failure mode of the core yarn is the stripping of the sheath from the core. This paper introduces a method to test the anti - stripping property of the core yarn. With a modified Universal Testing Machine, the stripping resistance of friction spun core yarn can be continuously measured. Some factors Influencing the measurements are discussed in detail. The testing results are compared with those from a Y731 Yarn Abrasion Tester and fur - ther confirmed by weaving practice.

“双电”法检测技术在新疆洼地水库超大面积土工膜渗漏检测的应用

土工膜防渗检测是防止库区渗漏的关键技术步骤,也是大型水库面临的重要工程问题。通过介绍电火花法和双电极法土工膜渗漏检测方法的工作原理、应用范围、操作步骤等,依托新疆阿克苏地区洼地水库工程,对超大面积水库库底及边坡进行实际应用检测,结果表明“双电”法检测精度准确、效率高,可精确发现水库土工膜铺设施工中的缺陷,减少水库运行期渗漏水量,消除了渗漏带给水库的安全隐患,为土工膜渗漏检测提供了技术支撑,为类似工程提供了借鉴。

新型药物艾司氯胺酮的特性与效能

氯胺酮最早于20世纪90年代在欧洲国家上市,最初被用作麻醉剂和战争创伤中的麻醉药,后由于其滥用导致精神运动、心血管系统等不良反应的限制,逐渐淡出临床工作中。艾司氯胺酮作为氯胺酮的右旋异构体,与其外消旋混合物相比,保留了药代动力学的特征,静脉注射后1分钟内便可达到峰值浓度,之后艾司氯胺酮及其代谢产物都主要通过肾脏排泄,不同的是艾司氯胺酮拥有更快的清除倾向和更大的总清除率;另外其药效动力学发生了变化,其镇静镇痛效力更强、所需剂量更小,达到相同麻醉效果用量仅为氯胺酮的1/2,且血流动力学变化更加平稳,锥体外系反应及其他不良反应也更加轻微。2019年艾司氯胺酮因其抗抑郁成果取得重大突破获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准上市,自此作为一种新型药物重新进入临床麻醉工作视野中。目前艾司氯胺酮可用作麻醉诱导与维持、术后止痛、神经阻滞佐剂和抗抑郁等多种用途,复合用药时可减少丙泊酚和阿片类药物的使用量,更快创造插管条件,逆转阿片类药物的呼吸抑制,也可抑制瑞芬太尼诱发的痛觉过敏,同时具有镇静镇痛、产生意识消失和遗忘、抗炎抗应激、改善情绪等多重效能。本研究就艾司氯胺酮的药理学特性、临床应用等方面作如下综述,以供临床参考。

大学生体育锻炼与抑郁的关系:社会支持与抗挫折能力的链式中介作用

[目的]探讨大学生体育锻炼与抑郁的关系,以及社会支持与抗挫折能力的链式中介作用.[方法]采用体育活动等级量表、领悟社会支持量表、大学生抗挫折能力问卷和流调中心抑郁量表对627名大学生进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 23.0进行描述性统计分析,采用AMOS 24.0进行链式中介效应分析.[结果]①大学生体育锻炼与社会支持、抗挫折能力呈显著正相关(r=0.17、0.22,P<0.01),与抑郁之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.17,P<0.01),社会支持与抗挫折能力呈显著正相关(r=0.65,P<0.01),与抑郁呈显著负相关(r=-0.52,P<0.01),抗挫折能力与抑郁之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.53,P<0.01).②社会支持在大学生体育锻炼与抑郁间的中介作用显著(β=-0.07,P<0.01),抗挫折能力在大学生体育锻炼与抑郁间的中介作用显著(β=-0.05,P<0.001).③社会支持与抗挫折能力在大学生体育锻炼与抑郁间的链式中介作用显著(β=-0.08,P<0.001).[结论]体育锻炼可以直接影响大学生抑郁,还可以通过社会支持和抗挫折能力的单独中介作用以及链式中介作用间接影响大学生抑郁.