Qiu Jun in the Ming Dynasty was one of the most outstanding figures to systematically illustrate anti-monopoly thoughts in the 15th century.Qiu's thoughts include three aspects:1.conceptually,he was not for the Mo...Qiu Jun in the Ming Dynasty was one of the most outstanding figures to systematically illustrate anti-monopoly thoughts in the 15th century.Qiu's thoughts include three aspects:1.conceptually,he was not for the Monarch's expropriation of the country;2.mechanically,he opposed the government's encroachment of merchants'interest;and 3.theoretically,he was against merchant's embezzlement of the interest of the market.His criticism largely focuses on the Monarch and the government in order to rectify the unhealthy tendency of the unjustified interference and monopoly over the industry and business by the government officials.Qiu called for the return of the market to the society and the government's role of public welfare.Qiu's thoughts in anti-monopoly are the specific illustration of classic Confucianism and a great achievement in Man's war a—gainst anti-monopoly.展开更多
China's high-speed railway industry achieved dazzling development over the years, but not much research has been devoted to this industry from the perspective of competition policy. This paper focuses on the indus...China's high-speed railway industry achieved dazzling development over the years, but not much research has been devoted to this industry from the perspective of competition policy. This paper focuses on the industrial organization of China's high-speed railway industry and the applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law. We intend to answer the following questions:(1) Why is the high-speed railway industry not an industry of natural monopoly? Which segments of the industry have elements of natural monopoly?(2) At the level of corporate organization, what is the legal and economic rationale behind the patterns of China's high-speed railway undertakings evolving from government-affiliated enterprises to special legal person enterprises and then shareholding companies?(3) The applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law to the high-speed railway industry. Our conclusions from the perspective of competition policy are worth referencing for similar industries such as electric power, telecommunications, and water and gas supply.展开更多
The implementation mechanism of China’s anti-monopoly system features a double-layered model, where anenforcement framework supports an anti-monopoly committee.This is an advisable choice based on variousconsideratio...The implementation mechanism of China’s anti-monopoly system features a double-layered model, where anenforcement framework supports an anti-monopoly committee.This is an advisable choice based on variousconsiderations like realities in China and experiences abroad.However, this implementation mechanism is not immunefrom defects and problems, which mainly are reflected as follows: the legal basis for anti-monopoly actions needs tobe improved and coordinated, and anti-monopoly entities need to coordinate with one another and enhance theircompetency.A stronger and better anti-monopoly implementation mechanism will help to promote China’s socialistmarket economic system.展开更多
利用Arnol'd的Legendrian理论,对三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面进行了研究.引入光维高度函数概念研究了三维Anti de Sitter空间Lorentzian曲面的S1t×S1s-值、光锥Gauss映射的奇点,进行了奇点分类,揭示了类光Causs-kr...利用Arnol'd的Legendrian理论,对三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面进行了研究.引入光维高度函数概念研究了三维Anti de Sitter空间Lorentzian曲面的S1t×S1s-值、光锥Gauss映射的奇点,进行了奇点分类,揭示了类光Causs-kronecker曲率之间的关系;并研究了Lorentzian曲面的一些基本几何性质.展开更多
It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be rea...It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.展开更多
Antitrust examination of discriminatory patent licensing fees imposed by companies who own standards-essential patents(SEPs) is a difficult issue in antitrust law enforcement. After studying Huawei's litigation ag...Antitrust examination of discriminatory patent licensing fees imposed by companies who own standards-essential patents(SEPs) is a difficult issue in antitrust law enforcement. After studying Huawei's litigation against IDC and China's anti-monopoly investigation of Qualcomm, this paper creates a vertical oligopolistic game theory model to demonstrate that discriminatory licensing fees imposed by firms with patent monopoly will lead to the collection of high licensing fees from downstream low-cost firms, weaken their competitive advantage, reduce their output and market share, impede their follow-up innovations, and generally harm the social welfare. Therefore, charging high discriminatory licensing fees constitutes an act that harms competition and should be prohibited by antitrust law. Antitrust examination of discriminatory licensing fees should make assessments primarily on the basis of the FRAND principle. Antitrust examination may adopt a triple-structure method to assess the reasonableness of licensing fees, but antitrust authorities should avoid directly prescribing the level of licensing fees and should safeguard the effectiveness of transaction mechanisms based on free negotiations among micro-level entities. Antitrust remedies should follow the principle of "intervening in the price formation mechanism rather than prescribing the level of licensing fees."展开更多
A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and t...A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products展开更多
Friction spun core yarn has two components: filament core and staple fiber sheath. Under axial rubbing action, the failure mode of the core yarn is the stripping of the sheath from the core. This paper introduces a me...Friction spun core yarn has two components: filament core and staple fiber sheath. Under axial rubbing action, the failure mode of the core yarn is the stripping of the sheath from the core. This paper introduces a method to test the anti - stripping property of the core yarn. With a modified Universal Testing Machine, the stripping resistance of friction spun core yarn can be continuously measured. Some factors Influencing the measurements are discussed in detail. The testing results are compared with those from a Y731 Yarn Abrasion Tester and fur - ther confirmed by weaving practice.展开更多
文摘Qiu Jun in the Ming Dynasty was one of the most outstanding figures to systematically illustrate anti-monopoly thoughts in the 15th century.Qiu's thoughts include three aspects:1.conceptually,he was not for the Monarch's expropriation of the country;2.mechanically,he opposed the government's encroachment of merchants'interest;and 3.theoretically,he was against merchant's embezzlement of the interest of the market.His criticism largely focuses on the Monarch and the government in order to rectify the unhealthy tendency of the unjustified interference and monopoly over the industry and business by the government officials.Qiu called for the return of the market to the society and the government's role of public welfare.Qiu's thoughts in anti-monopoly are the specific illustration of classic Confucianism and a great achievement in Man's war a—gainst anti-monopoly.
文摘China's high-speed railway industry achieved dazzling development over the years, but not much research has been devoted to this industry from the perspective of competition policy. This paper focuses on the industrial organization of China's high-speed railway industry and the applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law. We intend to answer the following questions:(1) Why is the high-speed railway industry not an industry of natural monopoly? Which segments of the industry have elements of natural monopoly?(2) At the level of corporate organization, what is the legal and economic rationale behind the patterns of China's high-speed railway undertakings evolving from government-affiliated enterprises to special legal person enterprises and then shareholding companies?(3) The applicability of the Anti-Monopoly Law to the high-speed railway industry. Our conclusions from the perspective of competition policy are worth referencing for similar industries such as electric power, telecommunications, and water and gas supply.
基金financially aided by Multinational Companies and Nations in the Backdrop of Globalization, a project of Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences under the Ministry of Education (project approval No. : 05JJD790013).
文摘The implementation mechanism of China’s anti-monopoly system features a double-layered model, where anenforcement framework supports an anti-monopoly committee.This is an advisable choice based on variousconsiderations like realities in China and experiences abroad.However, this implementation mechanism is not immunefrom defects and problems, which mainly are reflected as follows: the legal basis for anti-monopoly actions needs tobe improved and coordinated, and anti-monopoly entities need to coordinate with one another and enhance theircompetency.A stronger and better anti-monopoly implementation mechanism will help to promote China’s socialistmarket economic system.
文摘利用Arnol'd的Legendrian理论,对三维Anti de Sitter空间中Lorentzian曲面进行了研究.引入光维高度函数概念研究了三维Anti de Sitter空间Lorentzian曲面的S1t×S1s-值、光锥Gauss映射的奇点,进行了奇点分类,揭示了类光Causs-kronecker曲率之间的关系;并研究了Lorentzian曲面的一些基本几何性质.
文摘It needs the foundation of system and the guarantee of organizational system for anti-corruption,but it is more necessary to build and form an effective anti-corruption mechanism,so that the anti-corruption can be really put into practice. Anti-corruption mechanism refers to a organic operation system of the interaction,interconnection and constraint between the constituent elements( parts) and elements of national anti-corruption,and as a system,anti-corruption mechanism should have the characteristics of system aticness,comprehensiveness,transparency,legalization,public participation,scientific dynam ic,and internationalism. The construction of deepening anti-corruption mechanism is the need for reconstructing the ruling legitimacy of the party and the governm ent. Adhering to the principle of treating both root causes and symptoms is necessary in the construction of anti-corruption m echanism,com bating and punishing corruption is an important part of anti-corruption,and the prevention and control of corruption is the basic project of anti-corruption. Therefore,the construction of prevention and control mechanism in the anti-corruption mechanism has a more far-reaching significance.
文摘Antitrust examination of discriminatory patent licensing fees imposed by companies who own standards-essential patents(SEPs) is a difficult issue in antitrust law enforcement. After studying Huawei's litigation against IDC and China's anti-monopoly investigation of Qualcomm, this paper creates a vertical oligopolistic game theory model to demonstrate that discriminatory licensing fees imposed by firms with patent monopoly will lead to the collection of high licensing fees from downstream low-cost firms, weaken their competitive advantage, reduce their output and market share, impede their follow-up innovations, and generally harm the social welfare. Therefore, charging high discriminatory licensing fees constitutes an act that harms competition and should be prohibited by antitrust law. Antitrust examination of discriminatory licensing fees should make assessments primarily on the basis of the FRAND principle. Antitrust examination may adopt a triple-structure method to assess the reasonableness of licensing fees, but antitrust authorities should avoid directly prescribing the level of licensing fees and should safeguard the effectiveness of transaction mechanisms based on free negotiations among micro-level entities. Antitrust remedies should follow the principle of "intervening in the price formation mechanism rather than prescribing the level of licensing fees."
基金The project serial number 92B0716Shanghai Natural Science Foundation
文摘A research on the process of cotton fabric flame-re-tarding,anti-bacterial finishing and one-bath finish-ing of anti-bacterial and flame-retarding is discussed.The flame retardant agent was phosphorous-contained,and the bacteriostatic finishing agent named SFR-1 wassynthesized.The flame retardancy of the fabric finishedcan meet the DOC FF3-71 Children Sleepwear Stan-dard.Its bacterial inhibiting capacity can meet and ex-ceed the requirements of similar products
文摘Friction spun core yarn has two components: filament core and staple fiber sheath. Under axial rubbing action, the failure mode of the core yarn is the stripping of the sheath from the core. This paper introduces a method to test the anti - stripping property of the core yarn. With a modified Universal Testing Machine, the stripping resistance of friction spun core yarn can be continuously measured. Some factors Influencing the measurements are discussed in detail. The testing results are compared with those from a Y731 Yarn Abrasion Tester and fur - ther confirmed by weaving practice.
