A Study of the People’s Nature in Woodcuts During the Anti-Japanese War in Shanxi

The anti-Japanese woodcuts focus on the red revolutionary culture and describe the connotation of the Anti-Japanese War era,which is self-evident in the commemorative value of China’s revolutionary struggle history.For example,in Shanxi,China,woodcut art activities and social practice promotion activities organized around the theme of the Anti-Japanese War are also everywhere,which all show the people’s nature of the Chinese people during the revolutionary struggle from the two aspects of the red culture of the Anti-Japanese War and traditional art and culture,and its humanistic connotation is quite profound.In this paper,we first introduce the historical origin of woodcut during the Anti-Japanese War,and then show the people’s value connotation of woodcut art activities in Shanxi.This paper mainly discusses the image narration,language and picture narration and construction significance of woodcuts in Shanxi’s War of Resistance,fully reveals the narrative nature of image media,strives to arouse people’s recognition of this period of Shanxi’s War of Resistance culture and history,and reflects the realistic value and significance of Shanxi’s War of Resistance Woodcuts art activities.

A Study on the Loss of Tourist Attractions in Central China Hubei Province During the Anti-Japanese War

This paper takes the Wudang Mountains and Wuhan Battle Memorial Hall as examples to investigate and analyze the losses of Wuhan during the Anti-Japanese War.The paper concludes with two inspirations:to make full use of the intangible cultural heritage spots to carry out patriotism education for primary and middle school students;and to effectively transform the cultural resources of the tourist spots in Hubei Province into cultural industries,in order to achieve the sustainable development of intangible cultural resources of Hubei Province tourist attractions.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

Hidden Side of the Work： Culture War in the Movie Forrest Gump

The current study explores how the ideological struggle is unfolded in the movie Forrest Gump （1994）. Through a critical examination of the text structure of the plot and the language used by four main characters, it demonstrates that conservatism has gained great victory over liberalism in the following way： Those with conservative values are highlighted repeatedly in a favorable way, while those who preach liberal values are frequently associated with tragic events, and ultimately, the latter all converted into conservatives in one way or another, which indicates a reconciliation between the two opposing ideologies. This study might shed light on how visual media can be geared towards political justifications, and bring audience to the level of conscious awareness of that effect

Under the Pagoda Mountain:Japanese POW Reformation During the Anti-Japanese War

As a typical Lenin-style political party,what should be concerned most is the CPC’s (Communist Party of China) capacity in fighting against and clearing enemies.This study provides a distinct perspective to observe and recognize CPC’s ability of turning hostility into friendship.Japanese prisoners of war (POW) had been poisoned by ultra-nationalism and militarism for years,and thus were extremely difficult to be reformed.However,under the correct ideological guidance of Mao and the unremitting efforts of the CPC’s political officers and cadres,a great number of them acknowledged the CPC’s political ideology and joined the CPC’s team.

Celebrating Diversity of Humanity, Struggling for Peace, and Establishing Culture of Coexistence

The Qur＇an embraces cultural pluralism, emphasising that “People, We created you all from a single man and a single woman, and made you into races and tribes so that you should recognize one another. ”（Q. 49： 13）. Moreover, peace is the most fundamental value in the Qur＇an and Islam. The majority of the classical Muslim jurists, especially Hanafi school, emphasised that the reason for Muslims＇ fight against non-Muslims is Muslims＇ defense themselves against attacks, not non-Muslims＇ faith. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi （d. 1960） states that the only kind of jihad that is appropriate for the present age is spiritual or moraljihad. Furthermore, regarding Qur＇anic approach to relations between Muslims and the People of the Book, Muslim scholars, in general, advocate sincere relations and trust between Muslims and the People of the Book. In addition, Said Nursi is one of the great Muslim scholars in interfaith dialogue in the 20th century. Finally, there is the need for establishing culture of coexistence, which practised before within a religious tradition such as Islamic tradition for many centuries in the history. Through achieving a culture of coexistence and peace, most conflicts can be resolved.

Changes in the Foot Binding Culture: The Female Body and Politics in Regions Governed by the Communist Party of China during the Anti-Japanese War

Since 1949,Chinese mainland historians and creators in film and television,novels,and reportage have continued to shape the heroic image of female groups in the base areas of the Communist Party of China(CPC)during the Anti-Japanese War.They participated in production,women's mobilization,and reconstruction of the rural political order Tike men.55 They pursued the equality between men and women,marked by freedom of marriage,and also participated in regional guerrilla warfare to combat the Japanese puppet army"as men."However,in the remote villages of north China at the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,it was not common for women to unbind their feet.In wartime,most women over twenty years of age were forever left with the"three-inch golden lotus"(sancun jinlian)feet.The damage of the war accelerated their acceptance of the CPC's emancipation concepts and policies and presented them with an opportunity to actively implement them.The experience of survival drastically changed traditional aesthetics,ideas,and customs related to women.Physical and psychological changes occurred as a result of the war;women began to go out of their homes to participate in the work of the Women's Salvation Association and the Youth Salvation Association,and a group of women achieved marriage equality between men and women in the form of"divorce her husband"(qi xiu fu).Due to pressure,women carried more physical and mental responsibilities,faced insufficient advocacy for their rights,and the aesthetics and mentality of womanhood underwent change.

Cultural Literacy and World Literature： A Case Study

How much more can be gained from a piece of World Literature when the reader is semiotically literate in the culture that produced the work？ What are the implications of introducing the element of cultural literacy into the teaching of world literature, and how might culturally contextualizing the narrative enhance the reading experience for those who may not be familiar with the national culture that produced the work？ This paper examines these questions using as a case study The Tale of Genji （n.d.）, a novel from llth century Japan and ＂La Troisi6me Jeunesse de Madame Prune＂ （1905）, a French text set in Japan at the turn of the 20th century. Using examples taken from each writer＇s text, the author will show how a knowledge of both the target culture and the time period in which the work was produced can serve as a critical tool for analyzing the text; the former text shall be used to argue for an integration of a cultural anthropology element into the teaching of world literature, while the latter example shall be used to argue for the importance of contextualizing a text within its historical creation period. In concluding, the author shall examine the ways in which including an element of cultural literacy can lead to a truly interdisciplinary, trans-national, and trans-linguistic understanding of a particular literary text.

Fundamental Character of Anti-Japanese War Cultural Activity

Anti-Japanese War Cultural Activity is the cultural activity full of gunpowder. It is based on the politics, taking the crowed as the object, taking the criticism as the weapon, changing with the times. It hasthe significance of milestone of national cultural activity.

Collective Trauma and National Behavior in Times of Threat The Israeli Public and the 2014 War in Gaza

This paper analyzes the impact of past trauma on national behavior in times of threat, applying Volkan＇s （2001, 2004） theory of multigenerational impact of trauma on large groups, and La Capra＇s （2014） theory of the use of the concept of individuals＇ trauma for understanding the behavior of traumatized collectives. The study of the Israeli response to the abduction and murder of three teenagers in summer 2014 is consistent with these theories, and shows how a collective with trauma in its past behaves similarly to a posttraumatic person. The paper contends that due to its traumatic past, the Jewish Israeli public perceived a tragic but limited （from a national security standpoint） hostile action as a grave collective threat, which invoked past demons and brought back existential fears. These feelings were inflamed by the Israeli media and leaders, paving the way for an escalation of the event into an armed battle.

On Indiscriminate Bombardment during World War II: Opposition between Human Rights and Human Rights Abuse

Base on the strategic bombardment to destroy willpower of Chinese Anti-Japanese war, in the Second World War, Japanese aircrafts were nondiscriminatorily bombing China’s cities, which committed crimes against humanity. Actually, the US army nondiscriminatorily bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki and damaged the human rights too. The US army, however, speeded up Japanese surrender and protected more people’s rights to life. It is never forgotten that the painful game of protecting and damaging human rights between Japanese militarism and anti-fascist alliance.

Battle of Human Rights and Anti-Human Rights in Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

The Chinese Anti-Japanese War was a battle between human rights protections and abuses, between civilization and brutality, and between justice and evil. During the war, the human rights of Chinese people were completely violated by the Japanese aggressors, causing an unprecedented human rights catastrophe. At the same time, Chinese people vigorously resisted the aggression in order to defend the national survival right and safeguard the human peace against war. The history of human rights’ victory over human rights abuses tells us: aggressive wars are the most serious violations of human rights. We must protect people’s right to peace for every country in the world. In order to avoid violations of human rights by war once again, we must safeguard the international postwar order and prevent the revival of fascism, whose essences are contempt for and trample on human rights. Therefore we have to respect and protect human rights and defend both the collective rights of every nation and the individual rights of every person in the world.

Indicate the Ways in which‘The Destructors’and‘The Blush’Deal with Cultural and Social Issues Pertinent to the Time in Which They Were Written

The Second World War exerted tremendous influence on British society.The way British people think also changed to different extents.The British society was enveloped in haze and fear,while works revealing the social reality were produced.Adopt⁃ing critical thinking,this essay compared‘The Destructors’and‘The Blush’to explore how the backgrounds,characters,themes and unexpected factors in respective works are related to cultural and social issues of the post-war time.It also revealed the effects of the Second World War on the society.

翻译批评中的战争叙述(1949—1966):文本特征与文化阐释

翻译批评是批评主体对翻译或翻译活动的描写、分析、评估和研究活动。“十七年”(1949—1966)特定的时代语境孕育并形塑了翻译批评话语的特征,而战争叙述是其鲜明的特征之一。在翻译批评中,战争术语的显性运用和战争思维的隐性表达是战争叙述的两大表征。历史战争文化记忆、主流批评的话语实践与权威垂范、“红色经典”的译介及创作与现实战争的记忆唤醒是翻译批评中战争叙述的历史渊源和现实基础。梳理和总结此一时期翻译批评中的战争叙述,追溯其历史渊源和现实动因,有助于我们理解并阐释翻译批评的社会功用及其与时代语境的互动粘连。

美国司法政治化现象探析

美国政治的司法化让法官能够审理具有政策意义的案件,拥有较大的自由裁量空间,这又反过来促成“司法政治化”现象,法官可能诉诸于法律之外的标准,作出具有政治意义的决定,催生了司法机构内的政治斗争。在美国司法政治化中,美国司法领域的意识形态两极分化现象日趋严重,并且具有愈演愈烈的特征和趋势,主要体现在法官任命和司法决策等方面。如今美国总统在任命联邦大法官上主要关注意识形态的兼容性和可靠性;美国法官基本上被意识形态划分——共和党人的投票基本上倾向于保守主义,民主党人的投票基本上倾向于自由主义。美国司法政治化日益严重主要源于社会经济不平等加剧、文化战争愈演愈烈、政党政治极化现象日益严重、司法机构受到精英政治的影响逐渐增强。美国司法政治化损害了司法机构的权威,加剧了美国政治极化和社会分裂程度。

作为历史“韵脚”的“战国策派”——战争、国竞与中国文明的更化

抗日战争期间在后方出现的“战国策派”是20世纪中国第二波立足于“国竞”并重新评价中国古代文明的思潮,它与一战之前的第一波“国竞”思潮一样,重视春秋战国的历史经验,批判将“大一统”作为适合当下的秩序想象,批评家族制度与家族文化,寻求强化民众的国民身份和国民自觉。然而第一波“国竞”思潮的思想家在一战后对战前的思想倾向进行了相当程度的反思,从而为“觉醒年代”作出了新的贡献;而“战国策派”却在更为逼仄的国际环境压力之下,将一战之前的“国竞”思潮中的某些倾向进一步推向极端,从而导致了对中国文明的片面理解和对未来世界大局的片面预测。

以“乐”施“教”:苏区文艺功能价值论

苏区文艺在第二次国内革命战争时期,并非仅仅是一种活跃苏区军民文化生活的艺术形态,而是作为传播无产阶级革命思想最重要的宣传工具,自觉地承担起了推动中国革命走向胜利的三大使命:一是通过革命启蒙,唤醒了苏区军民的阶级意识,并以“打土豪、分田地”为政治纲领,彻底解决中国农村中分配不公的土地问题,目的就是要建立一个由人民当家作主的民主国家;二是通过战争动员,使广大农民群众真正了解第二次国内革命战争的伟大意义,并从思想上明确保卫苏维埃革命政权,就是在保卫贫苦农民已经到手的胜利果实,进而充分调动他们参加这场革命战争的积极性;三是通过统战工作,瓦解国民党军队的内战士气,团结一切爱国力量,建立抗日民族统一战线,进而全力以赴去保卫中华民族的美丽家园。苏区文艺这三大功能价值,在中国现代革命的具体实践中,已经成为一种红色文艺的光荣传统。

美国加州K-12族裔研究课程探绎

近年来,美国加州政府开展了一项极具话题性和挑战性的基础教育课程改革,即在K-12阶段推行族裔研究课程。K-12族裔研究课程以批判性种族理论为理论基础,主张通过“反叙事”打破白人对主流课程的叙事控制、文化独裁和知识霸权;超越教育机会与过程平等,力主教育结果平等;揭露、反对教育中的“色盲”现象。为保障K-12族裔研究课程的实施,加州教育厅研制了《族裔研究示范课程》,从目标、原则等方面对课程进行了规范与指导。在加州政府的支持下,K-12族裔研究课程在合法化、制度化的进程中取得了初步成果,但仍面临多方面争议,其发展前景尚不明朗,实际成效仍有待考察。围绕K-12族裔研究课程展开的“大辩论”是美国无休止“文化战争”扩大化的缩影,它折射出当前美国社会的紧张和分裂。