A Study on the Loss of Tourist Attractions in Central China Hubei Province During the Anti-Japanese War

This paper takes the Wudang Mountains and Wuhan Battle Memorial Hall as examples to investigate and analyze the losses of Wuhan during the Anti-Japanese War.The paper concludes with two inspirations:to make full use of the intangible cultural heritage spots to carry out patriotism education for primary and middle school students;and to effectively transform the cultural resources of the tourist spots in Hubei Province into cultural industries,in order to achieve the sustainable development of intangible cultural resources of Hubei Province tourist attractions.

The Grass-Roots Governance of the National Government in Tianjin Recovery Area After the Triumph of the Anti-Japanese War

The national government wants to penetrate into the grass-roots unit after the triumph of the Anti-Japanese War in the recovery area.Through the reorganization of the Baojia system,the government expects to achieve local autonomy and then solve the people’s livelihood issues.The new Baojia system provides a platform for people to achieve their own demands,which presents the vision of civil rights to a certain extent.However,because of the complexity of the postwar social environment,the Baojia system cannot completely represent the will of the people,and finally becomes a militarized organization that was used as a tool to carry out the government decree.

Under the Pagoda Mountain:Japanese POW Reformation During the Anti-Japanese War

As a typical Lenin-style political party,what should be concerned most is the CPC’s (Communist Party of China) capacity in fighting against and clearing enemies.This study provides a distinct perspective to observe and recognize CPC’s ability of turning hostility into friendship.Japanese prisoners of war (POW) had been poisoned by ultra-nationalism and militarism for years,and thus were extremely difficult to be reformed.However,under the correct ideological guidance of Mao and the unremitting efforts of the CPC’s political officers and cadres,a great number of them acknowledged the CPC’s political ideology and joined the CPC’s team.

Healing Is Believing： Yeon Gaesomun and Xue Rengui in the Making of Mid-Seventh-Century Tang-Goguryeo War Narratives

This paper examines how historical narratives and fictional narratives treat China＇s loss in Tang-Goguryeo War differently to heal China＇s damaged pride. Emperor Tang Taizong （599-649） invaded Goguryeo in 645 but failed to conquer her because of severe weather and strong resistance led by Yeon Gaesomun （603-666）. This paper argues that official histories including Jiu Tangshu （Old Book of Tang） and Xin Tangshu （New Book of Tang） focus on Emperor Tang Taizhong＇s legitimacy to invade Goguryeo because Yeon Gaesomun＇s coup d＇etat overthrew Yeongnyu-wang. These two histories also pay extra attention to Yeon Gaesomun＇s negative characters. Novels about Tang-Goguryeo War including Xue Rengui zheng Liao shi lue （薛仁贵徵辽事略）, Tang shu zhi zhuan tong su yan yi （唐书志传通俗演义）, and Shuo Tang hou zhuan （说唐后传） take a different approach to heal China＇s wounded pride. Instead of focusing on diplomatic and military legitimacy, these stories blur China＇s loss by creating a national hero Xue Rengui whose military skills, loyalty to Tang Dynasty, and dauntless rescue of Emperor Tang Taizong were constantly emphasized.

On Indiscriminate Bombardment during World War II: Opposition between Human Rights and Human Rights Abuse

Base on the strategic bombardment to destroy willpower of Chinese Anti-Japanese war, in the Second World War, Japanese aircrafts were nondiscriminatorily bombing China’s cities, which committed crimes against humanity. Actually, the US army nondiscriminatorily bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki and damaged the human rights too. The US army, however, speeded up Japanese surrender and protected more people’s rights to life. It is never forgotten that the painful game of protecting and damaging human rights between Japanese militarism and anti-fascist alliance.

Battle of Human Rights and Anti-Human Rights in Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

The Chinese Anti-Japanese War was a battle between human rights protections and abuses, between civilization and brutality, and between justice and evil. During the war, the human rights of Chinese people were completely violated by the Japanese aggressors, causing an unprecedented human rights catastrophe. At the same time, Chinese people vigorously resisted the aggression in order to defend the national survival right and safeguard the human peace against war. The history of human rights’ victory over human rights abuses tells us: aggressive wars are the most serious violations of human rights. We must protect people’s right to peace for every country in the world. In order to avoid violations of human rights by war once again, we must safeguard the international postwar order and prevent the revival of fascism, whose essences are contempt for and trample on human rights. Therefore we have to respect and protect human rights and defend both the collective rights of every nation and the individual rights of every person in the world.

Changes in the Foot Binding Culture: The Female Body and Politics in Regions Governed by the Communist Party of China during the Anti-Japanese War

Since 1949,Chinese mainland historians and creators in film and television,novels,and reportage have continued to shape the heroic image of female groups in the base areas of the Communist Party of China(CPC)during the Anti-Japanese War.They participated in production,women's mobilization,and reconstruction of the rural political order Tike men.55 They pursued the equality between men and women,marked by freedom of marriage,and also participated in regional guerrilla warfare to combat the Japanese puppet army"as men."However,in the remote villages of north China at the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,it was not common for women to unbind their feet.In wartime,most women over twenty years of age were forever left with the"three-inch golden lotus"(sancun jinlian)feet.The damage of the war accelerated their acceptance of the CPC's emancipation concepts and policies and presented them with an opportunity to actively implement them.The experience of survival drastically changed traditional aesthetics,ideas,and customs related to women.Physical and psychological changes occurred as a result of the war;women began to go out of their homes to participate in the work of the Women's Salvation Association and the Youth Salvation Association,and a group of women achieved marriage equality between men and women in the form of"divorce her husband"(qi xiu fu).Due to pressure,women carried more physical and mental responsibilities,faced insufficient advocacy for their rights,and the aesthetics and mentality of womanhood underwent change.

Image Reconstruction and the Reflection of Values in the Formation of National Traumatic Memories： A Review of Recent Anti-Japanese War Films and Teleplays in China

The cosmopolitan cultural behaviors employed by war films and teleplays in the reconstruction of national traumatic memories are worthy of understanding and respect. However, in present-day China, the quantity of Anti-Japanese War films and teleplays is abnormally high, and their values deeply enmeshed in a radical nationalism. The result is a general trend towards a ＂carnival of vengeful images.＂ Given the potential harms implicit in this situation, the question of just what kind of war narratives are appropriate for the contemporary circumstances of globalization should receive serious attention and reconsideration from society at large.

从幻想走向噩梦的深渊——论美国越战小说

美国越战小说从多方面反映了越南战争,表现了人们对越战从幻想到幻灭的态度变化。最初,人们对战争抱着乐观积极的态度,士兵也渴望到越南当一名勇士。随着战争的进行,人们开始对战争提出种种质疑,士兵则渐渐进入黑暗的中心。此后,大量作品涌现,描写士兵在越南噩梦般的经历,表现他们厌战和反战的意识。然而,战争的噩梦并没有消逝,又随着老兵回到国内,成为他们永远的梦魇。

文学如何触摸历史——评《金陵十三钗》《南京安魂曲》中的大屠杀叙事

南京大屠杀是中华民族记忆中不可承受之重,作为史无前例的民族伤痛,其残酷、暴虐已经超出了人类的想象极限。但是,这不应成为我国作家书写和言说的禁忌与逃避的借口。美籍华裔作家严歌苓、哈金迎难而上,各自推出了《金陵十三钗》和《南京安魂曲》,在艺术和思想上都有可圈可点之处。通过深入两部小说的内部,细致分析它们的开头、叙述者的设定、语言和叙事上的特点,在比较和参照(西方二战题材的"创伤小说")中,揭示两者背后的思想潜设与伦理指向,对它们的成就和不足进行了思考。

旧南方的新主体——凯特·肖邦内战小说的创伤书写

肖邦的内战小说通过再现南北战争对南方白人造成的心理创伤和文化创伤,建构了南方作为受害者和牺牲者的新主体形象。在肖邦笔下,种植园和奴隶制的破坏是南北战争对南方白人造成的最大创伤,由此引发社群、家庭、个人情感与身份的危机。肖邦为治疗南北战争创伤开出的药方是重建家园和社群的和谐关系,为受伤者提供疗伤的物理和精神空间。肖邦的内战小说主要关注战争对路易斯安那特定阶层和族群的影响,从而构成其地域美学的一个重要维度,在奴隶制、种族和性别问题上均表现出保守主义倾向。

乱世英雄的道德光环与悲剧结局——论中国古代战争小说的英雄崇拜意识

英雄崇拜是世界各民族的普遍文化现象 ,但每一个民族基于各自的政治历史、文化传统和宗教意识 ,又有不同的英雄崇拜标准。以《三国演义》、《水浒传》为代表的中国古代战争小说对于英雄的崇拜不仅仅是崇智和崇力 ,更注重英雄的伦理道德标准。由于过分强调英雄的道德修养 ,同时又无以调和高尚的道德理想与严酷的现实生活的矛盾 ,使英雄们不可避免地走向悲剧结局。

论老舍1941年前后的文学回归——兼及《四世同堂》的写作准备

老舍作为一位杰出的作家,以描写北平下层劳动人民生活的小说为其所长。1941年前后老舍经历了抗战中期的一次重要的文学转折,他开始放弃通俗文艺、宣传文艺的写作,重新接续被抗战打断了的小说写作之旅,从写作风格、写作题材、写作体裁三方面完成了向新文学的回归,为长篇小说《四世同堂》的构思和写作提供了深远的心理背景。

冷战背景下美国小说创作论析

冷战期间,美国国内反苏反共甚嚣尘上,麦卡锡主义肆虐一时,美国国内思想文化界万马齐喑。在此背景下,美国小说创作呈现出一种混乱的局面,一部分作家以一种隐晦的创作手法来反映美国的社会现实,借以抒发自己的情怀;一部分作家在政府冷战思维的影响下参与创作反苏反共的冷战小说,为美国的对外文化遏制战略摇旗呐喊。运用历史唯物主义理论和文学批评原理对冷战背景下的美国小说创作进行梳理和评判,有助于揭示冷战对美国小说创作产生的影响,同时可以从一个侧面反映冷战斗争的严酷性和复杂性。

从《新儿女英雄传》到《铁道游击队》——浅析红色英雄传奇小说的文化意识

文章通过对《新儿女英雄传》和《铁道游击队》的文本分析,试图阐释红色英雄传奇小说背后的文化意蕴,指出战争文化、战争美学与战争文化心理对于这一时期红色英雄传奇的影响,反之红色英雄传奇小说宣扬了特殊历史条件下的战争文化心理,并将其所承载的新的国民意识传达给了民众。

虚构比事实更真切：多克托罗《进军》中的文化记忆重组

本文从历史文化记忆的角度探讨了美国后现代小说家E.L.多克托罗于2005年问世的新作《进军》。小说中,事实与虚构之间是模糊的,而艺术虚构中的文化记忆元素又对人们理解中的真实进行着重组、建构和改写,从而达到了意义空缺的填补,甚至是有目的的改变和还原。由此,后现代历史小说从某种程度上,辐射了作者与读者在文化记忆的建构中,对当下现实与过往历史的反思与重新认识。

都市空间与殖民体验——日本殖民时期大连都市空间中的日本侦探小说

曾被日本殖民统治四十年之久的殖民地都市大连孕育了众多日本侦探小说家,本文探讨了大连都市空间介入日本侦探小说家殖民体验和侦探小说创作的内在机理,揭示了日本作家复杂的精神世界和心路历程,对日本的侵略战争和殖民统治加以批判,并进一步挖掘了大连这座都市对日本昭和文学创作的影响。

在战争理性与人性温情之间——当代革命战争题材小说创作论略

革命战争题材小说是当代小说的重要类别之一。50～ 60年代革命战争题材小说强调对英雄人物正面形象的塑造 ,常常以革命浪漫主义回避对战争苦难的描写 ,以英雄主义、大无畏的气概来淡化作为个体的人在战争中所受的创伤。新时期文学开始后 ,这样的创作倾向有所改变 ,90年代 ,以邓一光为代表的作家注重描写英雄的普通性和普通人的英雄壮举 ,表现了经历苦难的人们心灵世界的丰富性和复杂性。以前苏联的革命战争题材小说作为重要参照 ,我们发现 ,战争和苦难恰恰与革命的英雄主义紧密相连 ,从对英雄的崇拜到客观评价英雄 ,从写英雄的行为到展示他们丰富的内心世界 ,中国革命战争题材小说的创作完成了与当代文坛对人与人性关怀的同步跨越。

两种现代性?——冷战初期两岸小说初论

两岸三地文学在1949年以后的发展,究竟是"分道扬镳",还是近代以来中国人所选择的不同的现代性路线的开展?这是一个很值得探讨的问题。迄今为止的文学史论述,几乎都侧重于前者,即在"分道扬镳"的分析模式下,以己之是非为是非,因而无法在一个相对"完整"的历史视野中观察彼此的异同。本文试以最具有近代政治色彩的五十年代小说作为观察的对象,从"现代性"在两岸开展的角度,揭示出表面上充满了差异的两岸小说所隐藏着的内在的关联。五十年代小说所反映或构建起来的新的历史与文化结构,恐怕只有在近代的时空脉络中,才能看的比较清楚。本文试以陈纪滢、周立波、张爱玲和丁玲创作的四部长篇小说作为讨论对象,对这些问题做初步的讨论,以期引起批评和更加深入的关注。