In our previous study, complete single DNA strands which were obtained from nuclei, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria obeyed Chargaff’s second parity rule, although those which were obtained from animal mitochondri...In our previous study, complete single DNA strands which were obtained from nuclei, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria obeyed Chargaff’s second parity rule, although those which were obtained from animal mitochondria deviated from the rule. On the other hand, plant mitochondria obeyed another different rule after their classification. Complete single DNA strand sequences obtained from chloroplasts, plant mitochondria, and animal mitochondria, were divided into the coding and non-coding regions. The non-coding region, which was the complementary coding region on the reverse strand, was incorporated as a coding region in the forward strand. When the nucleotide contents of the coding region or non-coding regions were plotted against the composition of the four nucleotides in the complete single DNA strand, it was determined that chloroplast and plant mitochondrial DNA obeyed Chargaff’s second parity rule in both the coding and non-coding regions. However, animal mitochondrial DNA deviated from this rule. In chloroplast and plant mitochondrial DNA, which obey Chargaff’s second parity rule, the lines of regression for G (purine) and C (pyrimidine) intersected with regression lines for A (purine) and T (pyrimidines), respectively, at around 0.250 in all cases. On the other hand, in animal mitochondrial DNA, which deviates from Chargaff’s second parity rule, only regression lines due to the content of homonucleotides or their analogs in the coding or non-coding region against those in the complete single DNA strand intersected at around 0.250 at the horizontal axis. Conversely, the intersection of the two lines of regression (G and A or C and T) against the contents of heteronucleotides or their analogs shifted from 0.25 in both coding and non-coding regions. Nucleotide alternations in chloroplasts and plant mitochondria are strictly regulated, not only by the proportion of homonucleotides and their analogs, but also by the heteronucleotides and their analogs. They are strictly regulated in animal mitochondria only by the content of homonucleotides and their analogs.展开更多
In microcantilever-based label-free biodetection technologies, deflection changes induced by adsorptions of double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules on Au-layer surface are greatly affected by the mechanical, thermal a...In microcantilever-based label-free biodetection technologies, deflection changes induced by adsorptions of double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules on Au-layer surface are greatly affected by the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of DNA biofilm. In this paper, the elastic properties of dsDNA biofilm are studied. First, the Parsegian＇s empirical potential based on a mesoscopic liq- uid crystal theory is employed to describe the interaction energy among coarse-grained DNA cylinders. Then, con- sidering a Gaussian distribution of DNA interaxial distance, the thought experiment method is used to derive an analyti- cal expression for Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm with a stochastic packing pattern for the first time. Results show that Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm is on the order of 10 MPa. These findings could provide a simple and effective method to evaluate the mechanical properties of soft biofilm on snbstrate.展开更多
An ss-DNA gold chip was prepared based on self-assembly of the thiol-derivatized oligonucleotide, and used for the determination of single-stranded binding protein （SSB） by surface plasmon resonance microscopy （SPR...An ss-DNA gold chip was prepared based on self-assembly of the thiol-derivatized oligonucleotide, and used for the determination of single-stranded binding protein （SSB） by surface plasmon resonance microscopy （SPR）. The experiment results showed that SSB binds ss-DNA with high specificity, and relative signal of SPR response is proportional to the concentration of SSB in the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL with a detection limit （S/N = 3） of 0.07 ng/mL.展开更多
真核细胞的房间的染色体在由环境代理人和内长的新陈代谢的副产品的连续袭击下面。在 DNA 导致的损坏通常导致细胞的事件的串联， DNA 损坏反应。DNA 损坏反应的失败能由减少 DNA 修理的效率和忠实导致恶意的开发。NBS1 蛋白质是在对 D...真核细胞的房间的染色体在由环境代理人和内长的新陈代谢的副产品的连续袭击下面。在 DNA 导致的损坏通常导致细胞的事件的串联， DNA 损坏反应。DNA 损坏反应的失败能由减少 DNA 修理的效率和忠实导致恶意的开发。NBS1 蛋白质是在对 DNA 损坏和 chromosomal 正直的维护的细胞的反应起一个关键作用的 MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 建筑群(MRN ) 的一个部件。在 NBS1 基因的变化为 Nijmegen 破裂症候群(NBS ) 负责，给予增加的倾向到恶意的开发的世袭混乱。从病人们在 DNA 双海滨裂缝的修理指向缺乏的 NBS 孤立的房间的 phenotypic 特征。这里，我们在 DNA 损坏反应考察 NBS1 的角色的当前的知识。强调在 DNA 双海滨修理，察觉到并且发信号的 DNA 损坏的调整，房间周期检查点控制和 telomere 稳定性的维护被放在 NBS1 的角色上。展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most fre-quently occurring cancers.Hepadnaviral DNA integrations are considered to be essential agents which can promote the process of the he...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most fre-quently occurring cancers.Hepadnaviral DNA integrations are considered to be essential agents which can promote the process of the hepatocarcinogenesis.More and more researches were designed to find the relationship of the two.In this study,we investigated whether HBV DNA integration occurred at sites of DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs),one of the most detrimental DNA damage.An 18-bp I-SceI homing endonuclease recognition site was introduced into the DNA of HepG2 cell line by stable DNA transfection,then cells were incubated in patients’ serum with high HBV DNA copies and at the same time,DSBs were induced by transient expression of I-SceI after transfection of an I-SceI expression vector.By using nest PCR,the viral DNA was detected at the sites of the break.It appeared that integra-tion occurred between part of HBV x gene and the I-SceI induced breaks.The results suggested that DSBs,as the DNA damages,may serve as potential targets for hepadnaviral DNA insertion and the integrants would lead to widespread host genome changes necessarily.It provided a new site to investi-gate the integration.展开更多
Inhibition of RECl3 on Ni2O3-induced DNA breakage of human embryo lung cell (HEL) and reduced content of negative superoxidative ion (O2) in guinea alveolar macrophage (AM ) was observed by means of single cell gel el...Inhibition of RECl3 on Ni2O3-induced DNA breakage of human embryo lung cell (HEL) and reduced content of negative superoxidative ion (O2) in guinea alveolar macrophage (AM ) was observed by means of single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) and cytochrome C assay respectively. Incubated with 2×10 cell/ml human embryo lung cell for 1 h at 37℃, 20μg. ml-1 of Ni2O3 could obviously induce DNA strand breakage compared with the control (P< 0.01). Add 10 μg.ml-1 CeCl3 or 10μg RECl3 with 20 μg·ml-1 Ni2O3 simultaneously in to HEL culture, the DNA strand breakage caused by Ni2O3 reduction significantly. Culture with 4×10 cell/ ml AM for 1 h at 37℃, 10, 20 μg· ml-1 of Ni2O3 could distinctly increase·O2 content in AM compared with the control (P< 0.05). In the similar way, RECl3, CeCl3 or LaCl3 could evidently decrease·O2 content induced by Ni2O3 in AM (P<0.01), but both kinds of RE compounds can not suppress·O2 content in AM.展开更多
Plasmid DNA was irradiated or implanted by mixed particle field(CR) or lithium-ion-beam to detect strand breaks.The primary results showed that mixed particle field could induce single and double strand breaks with po...Plasmid DNA was irradiated or implanted by mixed particle field(CR) or lithium-ion-beam to detect strand breaks.The primary results showed that mixed particle field could induce single and double strand breaks with positive linear-dose-effects;most of sequence changes induced by CR were point mutant.Lithium-ion-beam could induce strand breaks also,but it was only at dose of 20Gy.展开更多
Since 1996, it has been widely accepted that the distribution of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation is nonrandom. The explanation to this phenomenon is focused in two parts. One is the ioniz...Since 1996, it has been widely accepted that the distribution of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation is nonrandom. The explanation to this phenomenon is focused in two parts. One is the ionizing characteristic of the particles and the other is the high-ordered configuration of chromosome in eukaryote~[1,2]. As reported before~[3], we revealed the nonrandom distribution of DSBs when the展开更多
DNA damage in oocytes can cause infertility and birth defects. DNA double-strand breaks （DSBs） are highly deleterious and can substantially impair genome integrity. Homologous recombination （HR）-mediated DNA DSB r...DNA damage in oocytes can cause infertility and birth defects. DNA double-strand breaks （DSBs） are highly deleterious and can substantially impair genome integrity. Homologous recombination （HR）-mediated DNA DSB repair plays dominant roles in safeguarding oocyte quantity and quality. However, little is known regarding the key players of the HR repair pathway in oocytes. Here, we identified oocyte-specific gene Ooep as a novel key component of the HR repair pathway in mouse oocytes. OOEP was required for efficient ataxia telangiectasia mutated （ATM） kinase activation and Rad51 recombinase （RAD51） focal accumulation at DNA DSBs. Ooep null oocytes were defective in DNA DSB repair and prone to apoptosis upon exogenous DNA damage insults. Moreover, Ooep null oocytes exhibited delayed meiotic maturation. Therefore, OOEP played roles in preserving oocyte quantity and quality by maintaining genome stability. Ooep expression decreased with the advance of maternal age, suggesting its involvement in maternal aging.展开更多
文摘In our previous study, complete single DNA strands which were obtained from nuclei, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria obeyed Chargaff’s second parity rule, although those which were obtained from animal mitochondria deviated from the rule. On the other hand, plant mitochondria obeyed another different rule after their classification. Complete single DNA strand sequences obtained from chloroplasts, plant mitochondria, and animal mitochondria, were divided into the coding and non-coding regions. The non-coding region, which was the complementary coding region on the reverse strand, was incorporated as a coding region in the forward strand. When the nucleotide contents of the coding region or non-coding regions were plotted against the composition of the four nucleotides in the complete single DNA strand, it was determined that chloroplast and plant mitochondrial DNA obeyed Chargaff’s second parity rule in both the coding and non-coding regions. However, animal mitochondrial DNA deviated from this rule. In chloroplast and plant mitochondrial DNA, which obey Chargaff’s second parity rule, the lines of regression for G (purine) and C (pyrimidine) intersected with regression lines for A (purine) and T (pyrimidines), respectively, at around 0.250 in all cases. On the other hand, in animal mitochondrial DNA, which deviates from Chargaff’s second parity rule, only regression lines due to the content of homonucleotides or their analogs in the coding or non-coding region against those in the complete single DNA strand intersected at around 0.250 at the horizontal axis. Conversely, the intersection of the two lines of regression (G and A or C and T) against the contents of heteronucleotides or their analogs shifted from 0.25 in both coding and non-coding regions. Nucleotide alternations in chloroplasts and plant mitochondria are strictly regulated, not only by the proportion of homonucleotides and their analogs, but also by the heteronucleotides and their analogs. They are strictly regulated in animal mitochondria only by the content of homonucleotides and their analogs.
基金The authors thank Alexandra Surcel and Carey L Hendrix Lord for helpful comments on this manuscript.The work in our laboratory is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation(IBN-0077832,MCB-9896340,MCB-0092075)the National Institutes of Health(R0 1 GM63871)+3 种基金the US Department of Agriculture(2001-35301-10570 and 2003-35301-13313)Wuxing L was partially supported by the Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant PhysiologyHong M gratefully acknowledges the support of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundationthe National Institutes of Health(F33 GM72245-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272193 and 10872121)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(S30106)
文摘In microcantilever-based label-free biodetection technologies, deflection changes induced by adsorptions of double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules on Au-layer surface are greatly affected by the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of DNA biofilm. In this paper, the elastic properties of dsDNA biofilm are studied. First, the Parsegian＇s empirical potential based on a mesoscopic liq- uid crystal theory is employed to describe the interaction energy among coarse-grained DNA cylinders. Then, con- sidering a Gaussian distribution of DNA interaxial distance, the thought experiment method is used to derive an analyti- cal expression for Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm with a stochastic packing pattern for the first time. Results show that Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm is on the order of 10 MPa. These findings could provide a simple and effective method to evaluate the mechanical properties of soft biofilm on snbstrate.
基金the Science Foundation of the National Education Ministry （No, 206096） the Education Department of Hubei Province （No. Z200522002）.
文摘An ss-DNA gold chip was prepared based on self-assembly of the thiol-derivatized oligonucleotide, and used for the determination of single-stranded binding protein （SSB） by surface plasmon resonance microscopy （SPR）. The experiment results showed that SSB binds ss-DNA with high specificity, and relative signal of SPR response is proportional to the concentration of SSB in the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL with a detection limit （S/N = 3） of 0.07 ng/mL.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No.30872237)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB512900)
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most fre-quently occurring cancers.Hepadnaviral DNA integrations are considered to be essential agents which can promote the process of the hepatocarcinogenesis.More and more researches were designed to find the relationship of the two.In this study,we investigated whether HBV DNA integration occurred at sites of DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs),one of the most detrimental DNA damage.An 18-bp I-SceI homing endonuclease recognition site was introduced into the DNA of HepG2 cell line by stable DNA transfection,then cells were incubated in patients’ serum with high HBV DNA copies and at the same time,DSBs were induced by transient expression of I-SceI after transfection of an I-SceI expression vector.By using nest PCR,the viral DNA was detected at the sites of the break.It appeared that integra-tion occurred between part of HBV x gene and the I-SceI induced breaks.The results suggested that DSBs,as the DNA damages,may serve as potential targets for hepadnaviral DNA insertion and the integrants would lead to widespread host genome changes necessarily.It provided a new site to investi-gate the integration.
文摘Inhibition of RECl3 on Ni2O3-induced DNA breakage of human embryo lung cell (HEL) and reduced content of negative superoxidative ion (O2) in guinea alveolar macrophage (AM ) was observed by means of single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) and cytochrome C assay respectively. Incubated with 2×10 cell/ml human embryo lung cell for 1 h at 37℃, 20μg. ml-1 of Ni2O3 could obviously induce DNA strand breakage compared with the control (P< 0.01). Add 10 μg.ml-1 CeCl3 or 10μg RECl3 with 20 μg·ml-1 Ni2O3 simultaneously in to HEL culture, the DNA strand breakage caused by Ni2O3 reduction significantly. Culture with 4×10 cell/ ml AM for 1 h at 37℃, 10, 20 μg· ml-1 of Ni2O3 could distinctly increase·O2 content in AM compared with the control (P< 0.05). In the similar way, RECl3, CeCl3 or LaCl3 could evidently decrease·O2 content induced by Ni2O3 in AM (P<0.01), but both kinds of RE compounds can not suppress·O2 content in AM.
文摘Plasmid DNA was irradiated or implanted by mixed particle field(CR) or lithium-ion-beam to detect strand breaks.The primary results showed that mixed particle field could induce single and double strand breaks with positive linear-dose-effects;most of sequence changes induced by CR were point mutant.Lithium-ion-beam could induce strand breaks also,but it was only at dose of 20Gy.
文摘Since 1996, it has been widely accepted that the distribution of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation is nonrandom. The explanation to this phenomenon is focused in two parts. One is the ionizing characteristic of the particles and the other is the high-ordered configuration of chromosome in eukaryote~[1,2]. As reported before~[3], we revealed the nonrandom distribution of DSBs when the
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1001102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81760507)
文摘DNA damage in oocytes can cause infertility and birth defects. DNA double-strand breaks （DSBs） are highly deleterious and can substantially impair genome integrity. Homologous recombination （HR）-mediated DNA DSB repair plays dominant roles in safeguarding oocyte quantity and quality. However, little is known regarding the key players of the HR repair pathway in oocytes. Here, we identified oocyte-specific gene Ooep as a novel key component of the HR repair pathway in mouse oocytes. OOEP was required for efficient ataxia telangiectasia mutated （ATM） kinase activation and Rad51 recombinase （RAD51） focal accumulation at DNA DSBs. Ooep null oocytes were defective in DNA DSB repair and prone to apoptosis upon exogenous DNA damage insults. Moreover, Ooep null oocytes exhibited delayed meiotic maturation. Therefore, OOEP played roles in preserving oocyte quantity and quality by maintaining genome stability. Ooep expression decreased with the advance of maternal age, suggesting its involvement in maternal aging.
