Transforming growth factor -β neutralizing antibodies inhibit subretinal fibrosis in a mouse model

AIM:To determine the involvement of the transforming growth factor(TGF)-β with the development of experimental subretinal fibrosis in a mouse model.· METHODS:Subretinal fibrosis was induced by subretinal injection of macrophage-rich peritoneal exudate cells(PECs) and the local expression of TGF-β isoforms was assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) at various time points.In addition,we investigated the effect of TFG-β-neutralizing antibodies(TGF-β NAb) on subretinal fibrosis development.· RESULTS:TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 mRNA level was significantly elevated at day 2 after subretinal fibrosis induction and increased further to 5 and 6.5-fold respectively at day 5,reaching the peak.TGF-β3 mRNA was not detected in the present study.The result of ELSIA showed that active TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels were upregulated to 10-fold approximately,while total TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels were even upregulated more than 10-fold and more than 20-fold respectively in subretinal fibrosis mice in comparison with na?觙ve mice at day 5.TGF-β NAb resulted in a reduced subretinal fibrosis areas by 65% compared to animals from control group at day 7.· CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that TGF-β signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrogenesis and TGF-β inhibition may provide an effective,novel treatment of advanced and late-stage neovascular age-related macular degeneration.·

Targeting the insulin-like growth factor pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only 30%-40% of the patients with HCC are eligible for curative treatments, which include surgical resection as the first option, liver transplantation and percutaneous ablation. Unfortunately, there is a high frequency of tumor recurrence after surgical resection and most HCC seem resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only chemotherapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients treated with Sorafenib have a significant increase in overall survival of about three months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments. Due to its role in cell growth and development, the insulin-like growth factor system is commonly deregulated in many cancers. Indeed, the insulin-like growth factor(IGF) axis has recently emerged as a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. To this aim, several inhibitors of the pathway have been developed suchas monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs. However recent studies suggest that, unlike most tumors, HCC development requires increased signaling through insulin growth factor Ⅱ rather than insulin growth factor Ⅰ. This may have great implications in the future treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the role of the IGF axis in liver carcinogenesis and the current status of the strategies designed to target the IGF-Ⅰ signaling pathway for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.

Clinical efficacy and drug resistance of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC) ranked third in cancer related death and its incidence has been increasing worldwide. In recent decades important therapeutic advances have been developed in treatment of metastatic CRC(mCRC), such as monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor(anti-EGFR), which provided additional clinical benefits in mCRC. However, anti-EGFR therapies have limited usage due to approximately 95% of patients with KRAS mutated mCRC do not response to anti-EGFR treatment. Thus, KRAS mutation is predictive of nonresponse to anti-EGFR therapies but it alone is not a sufficient basis to decide who should not be received such therapies because; approximately fifty percent(40%-60%) of CRC patients with wild-type KRAS mutation also have poor response to anti-EGFR based treatment. This fact leads us to suspect that there must be other molecular determinants of response to anti-EGFR therapies which have not been identified yet. Current article summarizes the clinical efficacy of anti-EGFR therapies and also evaluates its resistance mechanisms.

Growth factor receptors and related signalling pathways as targets for novel treatment strategies of hepatocellular cancer

Growth factors and their corresponding receptors are commonly overexpressed and/or dysregulated in many cancers including hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Clinical trials indicate that growth factor receptors and their related signalling pathways play important roles in HCC cancer etiology and progression, thus providing rational targets for innovative cancer therapies. A number of strategies including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors ("small molecule inhibitors") and antisense oligonucleotides have already been evaluated for their potency to inhibit the activity and downstream signalling cascades of these receptors in HCC. First clinical trials have also shown that multi-kinase inhibition is an effective novel treatment strategy in HCC. In this respect sorafenib, an inhibitor of Raf-, VEGF- and PDGF-signalling, is the first multi-kinase inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced HCC. Moreover, the serine-threonine kinase of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) upon which the signalling of several growth factor receptors converge plays a central role in cancer cell proliferation. mTOR inhibition of HCC is currently also being studied in preclinical trials. As HCCs represent hypervascularized neoplasms, inhibition of tumour vessel formation via interfering with the VEGF/VEGFR system is another promising approach in HCC treatment. This review will summarize the current status of the various growth factor receptor-based treatment strategies and in view of the multitude of novel targeted approaches, the rationale for combination therapies for advanced HCC treatment will also be taken into account.

Mechanisms of resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer

The prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(m CRC) remain poor despite the impressive improvement of treatments observed over the last 20 years that led to an increase in median overall survival from 6 mo, with the only best supportive care, to approximately 30 mo with the introduction of active chemotherapy drugs and targeted agents. The monoclonal antibodies(mo Abs) cetuximab and panitumumab, directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), undoubtedly represent a major step forward in the treatment of m CRC, given the relevant efficacy in terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, response rate, and quality of life observed in several phase Ⅲ clinical trials among different lines of treatment. However, the anti-EGFR mo Abs were shown only to be effective in a subset of patients. For instance, KRAS and NRAS mutations have been identified as biomarkers of resistance to these drugs, improving the selection of patients who might derive a benefit from these treatments. Nevertheless, several other alterations might affect the response to these drugs, and unfortunately, even the responders eventually become resistant by developing secondary(or acquired) resistance in approximately 13-18 mo. Several studies highlighted that the landscape of responsible alterations of both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR drugs biochemically converge into MEK-ERK and PIK3CA-AKT pathways. In this review, we describe the currently known mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR mo Abs together with the various strategies evaluated to prevent, overcame or revert them.

Treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors with inhibitors of growth factor receptors and their signaling pathways: Recent advances and future perspectives

The limited efficacy of conventional cytotoxic treatment regimes for advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cancers emphasizes the need for novel and more effective medical treatment options. Recent findings on the specific biological features of this family of neoplasms has led to the development of new targeted therapies, which take into account the high vascularization and abundant expression of specific growth factors and cognate tyrosine kinase receptors. This review will briefly summarize the status and future perspectives of antiangiogenic, mTOR- or growth factor receptor-based pharmacological approaches for the innovative treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. In view of the multitude of novel targeted approaches, the rationale for innovative combination therapies, i.e. combining growth factor (receptor)-targeting agents with chemo- or biotherapeutics or with other novel anticancer drugs such as HDAC or proteasome inhibitors will be taken into account.

Effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor on porcine partial-thickness wound healing

Wound healing is a complex biologic event. Numerous growth factors are involved in the regulation of tissue repair and remodelling processes. In this study, several techniques were used to observe the effects of recombinant human epidermal growth factors (rh-EGF) on porcine partial-thickness burn wound healing. Healing rates of the burn wounds were quantitated by computer image analysis of the wound Pkotographs. Biopsies were taken for examining the cell DNA cycle by flow cytometry, and for observing the keratinocyte migration and degree of reepithelialization quantitated by anti-keratin antibodies. The results indicated that daily topical application of rh-EGF in suitable concentrations accelerated epithelial healing of partial-thickness burn wounds, and there was also a dose-dependent effect of rh-EGF on healing rates of the partial-thickness burn wounds.

^(125)I-labeled anti-b FGF monoclonal antibody inhibits growth of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory efficacy of ^(125)I-labeled anti-basic fibroblast growth factor(b FGF) monoclonal antibody(m Ab) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS: b FGF m Ab was prepared by using the 1G9B9 hybridoma cell line with hybridization technology and extracted from ascites fluid through a Protein G Sepharose affinity column. After labeling with ^(125)I through the chloramine-T method, b FGF m Ab was further purified by a Sephadex G-25 column. Gamma radiation counter GC-1200 detected radioactivity of ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab. The murine H22 HCC xenograft model was established and randomized to interventions with control(phosphate-buffered saline), ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab,^(125)I plus b FGF m Ab, b FGF m Ab, or ^(125)I. The ratios of tumor inhibition were then calculated. Expression of b FGF, fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR), plateletderived growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) m RNA was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The purified b FGF m Ab solution was 8.145 mg/m L with a titer of 1:2560000 and was stored at-20 ℃. After coupling, ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab was used at a 1: 1280000 dilution, stored at 4 ℃, and its specific radioactivity was 37 MBq/mg. The corresponding tumor weight in the control, ^(125)I, b FGF m Ab, ^(125)I plus b FGF m Ab, and ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab groups was 1.88 ± 0.25, 1.625 ± 0.21, 1.5 ± 0.18, 1.41 ± 0.16, and 0.98 ± 0.11 g, respectively. The tumor inhibition ratio in the ^(125)I, b FGF m Ab, ^(125)I plus b FGF m Ab, and ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab groups was 13.6%, 20.2%, 25.1%, and 47.9%, respectively. Growth of HCC xenografts was inhibited significantly more in the ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab group than in the other groups(P < 0.05). Expression of b FGF and FGFR m RNA in the ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab group was significantly decreased in comparison with other groups(P < 0.05). Groups under interventions revealed increased expression of VEGF m RNA(except for ^(125)I group) compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab inhibits growth of HCC xenografts. The coupling effect of ^(125)I-b FGF m Ab is more effective than the concomitant use of ^(125)I and b FGF m Ab.

Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-<i>β</i>(TGF-<i>β</i>) in Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases

Transforming growth factor-β?(TGF-β) superfamily is a key player in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological processes from development to pathogenesis. Since the discovery of the prototypic member, TGF-β, almost three decades ago, there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of its complex biology. TGF-β?misregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer with a direct role in facilitating metastasis, fibrosis and inflammation. Consequently, TGF-β?is currently explored as a prognostic candidate biomarker of tumor invasiveness and metastasis;and it offers an attractive target for cancer therapy. Several anti-TGF-β?approaches, such as TGF-β?antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules inhibitors of TGF-β?type 1 receptor kinase, have shown great promise in the preclinical studies. Here, we consider why the TGF-βsignaling pathway is a drug target, the potential clinical applications of TGF-β?inhibition, the issues arising with anti-TGF-β?therapy and how these might be adopted using personalized approaches with a special care for patient selection and timing of therapy so that we may bring forward all the potentials of targeting this pathway for therapeutic uses in both cancer, preferentially in combination therapy, and non-neoplastic diseases.

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in colorectal cancer treatment: What's new?

Colorectal cancer constitutes one of the most common malignancies and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the western world representing one million new cases and half a million deaths annually worldwide. The treatment of patients with metastatic colon cancer comprises different regimens of chemotherapeutic compounds (fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan and oxaliplatin) and new targeted therapies. Interestingly, most recent trials that attempt to expose patients to all five-drug classes (fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, bevacizumab and cetuximab) achieve an overall survival well over 2 years. In this review we will focus on the main epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors demonstrating clinical benefit for colorectal cancer mainly cetuximab, panitumumab, erlotinib and gefitinib. We will also describe briefly the molecular steps that lie beneath them and the different clinical or molecular mechanisms that are reported for resistance and response.

缺血性视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿患者基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度与抗VEGF治疗后视力改善的相关性分析

目的分析缺血性视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(RVO-ME)患者基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度与抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗后视力改善的相关性。方法招募2017年6月至2020年2月在首都医科大学宣武医院确诊为缺血性RVO-ME并接受初始抗VEGF治疗的53例患者,其中缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)23例(CRVO组),缺血性视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)30例(BRVO组)。另选取该院同期30例行超声乳化的白内障患者作为对照组。研究对象行基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度检测、眼科常规检查和光学相干断层成像(OCT)检查。所有RVO-ME患者按照“3+按需治疗方案(pro re nata,PRN)”向玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物治疗。随访12个月,采用多元线性回归分析缺血性RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗后视力改善的影响因素。结果CRVO组基线logMAR BCVA高于对照组和BRVO组,CRVO组和BRVO组基线CRT、基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度高于对照组,且CRVO组基线CRT、基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度高于BRVO组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RVO-ME患者基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度与随访6个月(r=0.377,P=0.005)、9个月(r=0.362,P=0.008)和12个月(r=0.465,P<0.001)时BCVA改善呈正相关,与随访12个月时中断EZ横向长度减少值(r=0.401,P=0.001)呈正相关。多元线性回归分析结果显示,基线logMAR BCVA、基线血清己糖激酶1抗体滴度是缺血性RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗随访12个月时BCVA改善的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论己糖激酶1抗体作为一种新的血清生物标志物,与缺血性RVO-ME患者抗VEGF治疗后的视力改善相关。

乳腺癌受体阳转阴的发生机理与治疗进展

乳腺癌因其高度异质性,给乳腺癌精准治疗带来挑战。雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor, PR)和人表皮生长因子受体-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, HER2)状态是乳腺癌精准诊疗的重要依据。对于复发或转移性乳腺癌患者,既往治疗主要基于原发病灶受体状态。但研究发现部分患者复发/转移灶受体表达与原发病灶不同,推测可能与肿瘤异质性和治疗后的克隆选择效应相关。相较于受体表达“阴转阳”,受体“阳转阴”的发生率更高,且受体表达的缺失可能导致对原有疗法耐药且预后不良。重新评估乳腺癌复发/转移灶受体状态对调整治疗策略和判断预后具有显著临床意义,但能否基于受体变化情况指导临床决策,在临床研究或实践层面仍存在较大争议。随着靶向药物、免疫疗法及抗体偶联药物(antibody-drug conjugates, ADC)等新型抗肿瘤药物的应用,如何优化受体“阳转阴”乳腺癌患者的治疗方案以提高疗效成为未解决的临床需求。该文旨在深入探讨乳腺癌受体“阳转阴”的机理、预后影响以及治疗现状,为这类患者的治疗提供理论支持和实践指导。

靶向HER2胞外结构域Ⅳ的单克隆抗体在乳腺癌中的应用进展

人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性乳腺癌侵袭性强且易转移,抗HER2靶向药物的应用能显著改善HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的预后。在已上市的HER2靶向药物中,靶向HER2胞外结构域Ⅳ的大分子单克隆抗体是治疗HER2阳性乳腺癌的基础靶向药物,主要包括曲妥珠单抗、伊尼妥单抗和马吉妥昔单抗。曲妥珠单抗用于乳腺癌全线治疗,循证医学证据充分,实践经验充足且安全性可控;伊尼妥单抗与曲妥珠单抗在HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌和新辅助/辅助治疗中疗效相似,且安全性可控;马吉妥昔单抗聚焦于携带CD16A-158F等位基因的患者,是晚期乳腺癌后线治疗的选择。临床上需根据患者具体病情选择最适合的药物。

抗体偶联药物在非小细胞肺癌中的研究进展

肺癌是全球发病率第一位、病死率第二位的恶性肿瘤。非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)是最主要的肺癌病理分型。目前晚期NSCLC的一线标准治疗方案为免疫治疗、靶向治疗,虽然延长了患者的生存期,但获得性耐药仍是不可避免的。抗体偶联药物(antibody-drug conjugates,ADCs)是一类经由连接子将细胞毒性载荷与特异性单克隆抗体偶联制成的新型抗肿瘤药物,与化疗药物相比,ADCs具有精准识别、局部释放、患者耐受性高等优点,近年在NSCLC治疗方面显示出良好的临床获益。本文针对ADCs的作用机制、在晚期NSCLC中的临床研究进展以及存在的问题和挑战等方面进行概述。

抗体药物偶联物治疗HER-2阳性乳腺癌的机制与研究进展

人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)阳性乳腺癌的诊治一直是乳腺癌领域的研究热点。单克隆抗体类药物和小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的接连问世极大地改善了HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者的预后。然而,在极佳疗效的背后,靶向药物同样面临着多重耐药现象及心脏毒性等亟待解决的重大难题。近年来,随着HER-2阳性乳腺癌进入“精准分类,精确分层”的时代,抗体药物偶联物(ADC)成为肿瘤患者精准化治疗的热点领域之一。ADC通过特定的连接头将靶标特异性的单克隆抗体与高杀伤性的细胞毒性药物偶联起来,对肿瘤细胞具有高度特异性杀伤作用。本文就ADC的作用机制及其在HER-2阳性乳腺癌中的研究进展作一综述。

TCbHP在老年HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗中的应用效果

目的:研究TCbHP在老年HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年3月—2022年4月苏州大学附属第三医院收治的100例老年HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者,随机将其分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=50)。对照组给予THP新辅助化疗,观察组给予TCbHP新辅助化疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后肿瘤标志物及不良反应。结果:观察组客观缓解率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组癌胚抗原与糖类抗原125水平均低于治疗前,观察组癌胚抗原与糖类抗原125水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组血小板减少、肝损伤、脱发、恶心呕吐、手足综合征发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相比THP,TCbHP可进一步抑制老年HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者肿瘤标志物表达,有效控制疾病发展,不会加重化疗引起的不良反应。

抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体的制备和活性鉴定

目的构建同时靶向表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)和OX40的双特异性抗体,并在体外初步验证其对T细胞的特异性激活作用。方法构建抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体的真核表达载体,转染293F细胞进行表达和纯化。构建外源表达OX40和EGFR的HEK293T细胞,利用流式细胞术分析双抗与靶蛋白表达细胞的结合活性。并利用Jurkat-OX40-NF-κB-GFP报告细胞,验证双特异性抗体对报告细胞的激活活性。通过酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)的白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)和γ-干扰素(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)分泌,进一步验证抗OX40/EGFR双抗对原代T细胞的激活。结果成功构建并且纯化了抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体,并且验证了该双抗可以特异性地结合表达EGFR和OX40的HEK293T细胞。在表达EGFR的A549肺癌细胞介导的交联作用下,该双特异性抗体较OX40单抗更强地激活OX40-NF-κB报告细胞,并且促进PBMC分泌IL-2和IFN-γ细胞因子。结论抗OX40/EGFR双特异性抗体构建成功,可同时识别OX40和EGFR受体并激活肿瘤特异性T细胞。

TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH在分化型甲状腺癌患者中的表达及意义

目的 探讨肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)、抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(Tpo-Ab)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者中的表达及意义。方法 选取上海曲阳医院2017年8月至2020年8月收治的96例DTC患者,以术中所取得的癌组织作为DTC组,另取其癌旁正常甲状腺组织作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测TSGF、TSH水平,采用荧光磁微粒免疫法检测Tpo-Ab水平,Kaplan-Meier法分析TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH水平与DTC患者预后的关系,Cox回归分析影响DTC患者预后的危险因素。结果 与对照组相比,DTC组的TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肿瘤分期Ⅲ期、发生腺外浸润的DTC患者TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH水平显著高于肿瘤分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、未发生腺外浸润的DTC患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH高水平组患者2年生存率分别显著低于低水平组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.095、6.095、9.524,P=0.014、0.014、0.002)。与生存组相比,死亡组TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析显示,肿瘤分期、腺外浸润、TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH水平是影响DTC患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 DTC组织中TSGF、Tpo-Ab、TSH水平增加,三者水平与DTC患者临床病理特征和预后密切相关。

子痫前期患者血清ACA、D-二聚体、IP-10、PLGF水平变化及与妊娠结局的关系

目的研究子痫前期患者血清抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)、D-二聚体、趋化因子(IP-10)及胎盘生长因子(PIGF)水平变化及预测不良妊娠结局的价值。方法选取2020年2月至2021年6月张家口市第一医院收治的子痫前期患者62例,分为轻度组(30例)和重度组(32例)。另外选取同期于本院分娩的正常产妇58名作为对照组。检测各组血清抗心磷脂抗体-免疫球蛋白G(ACA-IgG)、抗心磷脂抗体-免疫球蛋白M(ACA-IgM)、D-二聚体、IP-10及PIGF水平。随访至妊娠结束,并比较三组妊娠结局。分析血清ACA-IgG、ACA-IgM、D-二聚体、IP-10、PLGF水平与妊娠结局的关系。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清ACA-IgG、ACA-IgM、D-二聚体、IP-10、PLGF水平预测妊娠结局的效能。结果ACA-IgG、ACA-IgM、D-二聚体、IP-10组间比较:重度组>轻度组>对照组,差异有统计学意义(F=102.643、155.868、170.863、286.744,均P<0.05)。PLGF组间比较:重度组<轻度组<对照组,差异有统计学意义(F=59.953,P<0.05)。三组不良妊娠事件发生率:重度组>轻度组>对照组,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.284,P<0.05)。不良妊娠结局患者血清ACA-IgG、ACA-IgM、D-二聚体、IP-10水平高于良好妊娠结局患者,PIGF低于良好妊娠结局患者(t=6.371、5.573、5.307、7.257、5.734,均P<0.05)。血清ACA-IgG、ACA-IgM、D-二聚体、IP-10水平与不良妊娠结局呈正相关,而PLGF水平与不良妊娠结局呈负相关(r=0.292、0.359、0.297、0.282、-0.318,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,sFIt-1、PIGF预测子痫前期患者妊娠结局均具有较高的效能,其中PIGF效能最高,约登指数最高时对应临界值为72.04 pg/mL,曲线下面积为0.856,敏感度为87.20%、特异度为80.18%。结论子痫前期患者血清ACA、D-二聚体、IP-10异常增高,PLGF异常降低,且与不良妊娠结局密切相关。

抗体药物偶联物在人表皮生长因子受体2低表达胃癌中的应用研究进展

胃癌(GC)是极具异质性和侵袭性的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,传统化疗药物及曲妥珠单抗等人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)靶向药物在GC的治疗过程中仍然存在耐药性发生率高、毒副作用大、患者耐受差等缺点。因此,研发更为有效的抗GC药物势在必行。目前针对HER2的新型靶向药层出不穷,但在某些情况下无效或产生耐药,这与HER2在某些GC细胞中低表达有关,HER2低表达(HER2 IHC1+或IHC2+/ISH-)约占全部类型的40%~60%,但在临床实践中,这类患者仍被报告为HER2阴性GC。因此准确检测HER2表达状态对于确定可能受益于曲妥珠单抗治疗的患者至关重要。抗体药物偶联物(ADC)的出现为HER2阳性GC提供了新的治疗选择,凭借其精准高效的抗肿瘤作用,有望在未来替代传统GC化学疗法。近期有研究发现ADC可能在HER2低表达GC中具有潜在抗肿瘤活性,相关临床研究正在评估其在HER2低表达GC治疗中的有效性和安全性。本文就靶向治疗时代ADC在HER2低表达GC患者中的应用和最新研究进展作一综述,并讨论HER2靶向ADC在应用和研发过程中面临的挑战。