Online task planning method of anti-ship missile based on rolling optimization

Based on the wave attack task planning method in static complex environment and the rolling optimization framework, an online task planning method in dynamic complex environment based on rolling optimization is proposed. In the process of online task planning in dynamic complex environment,online task planning is based on event triggering including target information update event, new target addition event, target failure event, weapon failure event, etc., and the methods include defense area reanalysis, parameter space update, and mission re-planning. Simulation is conducted for different events and the result shows that the index value of the attack scenario after re-planning is better than that before re-planning and according to the probability distribution of statistical simulation method, the index value distribution after re-planning is obviously in the region of high index value, and the index value gap before and after re-planning is related to the degree of posture change.

Damage effectiveness assessment method for anti-ship missiles based on double hierarchy linguistic term sets and evidence theory

The research on the damage effectiveness assessment of anti-ship missiles involves system science and weapon science, and has essential strategic research significance. With comprehensive analysis of the specific process of the damage assessment process of anti-missile against ships, a synthetic damage effectiveness assessment process is proposed based on the double hierarchy linguistic term set and the evidence theory. In order to improve the accuracy of the expert ’s assessment information, double hierarchy linguistic terms are used to describe the assessment opinions of experts. In order to avoid the loss of experts ’ original information caused by information fusion rules, the evidence theory is used to fuse the assessment information of various experts on each case. Good stability of the assessment process can be reflected through sensitivity analysis, and the fluctuation of a certain parameter does not have an excessive influence on the assessment results. The assessment process is accurate enough to be reflected through comparative analysis and it has a good advantage in damage effectiveness assessment.

Study on Anti-ship Missile Saturation Attack Model

Based on the analysis for the interception process of ship-to-air missile system to the anti-ship missile stream, the antagonism of ship-to-air missile and anti-ship missile stream was modeled by Monte Carlo method. This model containing the probability of acquiring anti-ship missile, threat estimation, firepower distribution, interception, effectiveness evaluation and firepower turning, can dynamically simulate the antagonism process of anti-ship missile attack stream and anti-air missile weapon system. The anti-ship missile's saturation attack stream for different ship-to-air missile systems can be calculated quantitatively. The simulated results reveal the relations among the anti-ship missile saturation attack and the attack intensity of anti-ship missile, interception mode and the main parameters of anti-air missile weapon system. It provides a theoretical basis for the effective operation of anti-ship missile.

Firepower distribution method of anti-ship missile based on coupled path planning

Anti-ship missile coordinated attack mission planning is a complex multi-objective optimization problem with multiple combinations of platforms, strong decision-making constraints,and tightly coupled links. To avoid the coupling disorder between path planning and firepower distribution and improve the efficiency of coordinated attack mission planning, a firepower distribution model under the conditions of path planning is established from the perspective of decoupling optimization and the algorithm is implemented. First, we establish reference coordinate system of firepower distribution to clarify the reference direction of firepower distribution and divide the area of firepower distribution;then, we construct an index table of membership of firepower distribution to obtain alternative firepower distribution plans;finally, the fitness function of firepower distribution is established based on damage income, missile loss,ratio of efficiency and cost of firepower distribution, and the mean square deviation of the number of missiles used, and the alternatives are sorted to obtain the optimal firepower distribution plan. According to two simulation experiments, the method in this paper can effectively solve the many-to-many firepower distribution problem of coupled path planning. Under the premise of ensuring that no path crossing occurs, the optimal global solution can be obtained, and the operability and timeliness are good.

Improvement of Intercept Probability Algorithm for Anti-ship Missile Based on Search Theory

Traditional intercept probability model has some drawbacks and can not meet the demands of command and control system. Aiming at this problem, a new calculation method based on search theory, terminal control area distribution function of anti-ship missile, target distribution function and missile's radar scan feature is proposed. Under the condition of common target distribution, an intercept probability model for present point attacking is determined. The simulation verifies its effectiveness and establishes the selecting model for aiming point when enemy ships evade in high speed.

Research on terminal maneuver strategy of anti-ship missiles

To design the terminal maneuver strategy of an anti-ship missile,first,the analytical solution of miss distance when an anti-ship missile has planar weaving maneuver and three-dimension spiral maneuver is presented,in which not only the amplitude and frequency are considered but also the initial phase is taken into account.Next,based on the analytical solution of miss distance,the effects on the miss distance of the amplitude,frequency,initial phase of the anti-ship missile＇s maneuver acceleration and the order of flight control system of the air-ship missile are analyzed.Finally,the optimum weaving maneuver and spiral maneuver which make the miss distance be the largest under some conditions are designed,which is of important meaning for increasing the survival probability of the anti-ship missile.

C801 Multipurpose Anti-ship Missile System

C801 missile weapon system fired from a surface ship or an aircraft is chiefly used to attack surface ships of medium size,such as frigates and destroyers.This paper describes the weapon system in detail and analyses its performance.

C301 Supersonic Anti-ship Missile

This article introduces the components, major features and combat effectiveness of China’s C301 anti-ship missile weapon system. With very low altitude and supersonic speed, the C301 missile has very high penetration capability. It is an advanced coast defense weapon system in the 1990s.

Penetration Capability Comparison of the Same Anti-ship Missiles Between Millimeter and Centimeter Wave Seekers

This paper compares the penetration capabilities of the same type anti-ship missiles with millimeter wave(MMW)seeker and centimeter wave seeker,and constructs mathematical models of penetration probability and saturation attack number for all anti-ship missiles used in the countermeasure system,according to the rule which makes the ship-borne air defence system oppase as far as possible and equally,and combining the actual combat situation.It can be seen,from analysis of the countermeasure process between anti-ship missile and surface naval ship,that for the same type of anti-ship missile with different seekers,the main influence on the penetration capability is from electronic jamming system.Based on the built model,the penetration capabilities of the same type anti-ship missiles with MMW and centimeter wave seekers are simulated.The simulated results show that the penetration capability of MMW seeker is slightly better than that of the centimeter wave seeker and its saturation attack number is also influenced by the discovering probability greatly.Finally,some suggestions to get superior penetration effect are given for a commander to choose seeker type suitably.

Recorded recurrent deep reinforcement learning guidance laws for intercepting endoatmospheric maneuvering missiles

This work proposes a recorded recurrent twin delayed deep deterministic(RRTD3)policy gradient algorithm to solve the challenge of constructing guidance laws for intercepting endoatmospheric maneuvering missiles with uncertainties and observation noise.The attack-defense engagement scenario is modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process(POMDP).Given the benefits of recurrent neural networks(RNNs)in processing sequence information,an RNN layer is incorporated into the agent’s policy network to alleviate the bottleneck of traditional deep reinforcement learning methods while dealing with POMDPs.The measurements from the interceptor’s seeker during each guidance cycle are combined into one sequence as the input to the policy network since the detection frequency of an interceptor is usually higher than its guidance frequency.During training,the hidden states of the RNN layer in the policy network are recorded to overcome the partially observable problem that this RNN layer causes inside the agent.The training curves show that the proposed RRTD3 successfully enhances data efficiency,training speed,and training stability.The test results confirm the advantages of the RRTD3-based guidance laws over some conventional guidance laws.

Surrogate-assisted optimization for anti-ship missile body configuration considering high-velocity water touching

As a crucial weapon in the sea battle,anti-ship missiles generally employ a sea-skimming penetration strategy to reduce the probability of being detected by the target radar,which greatly increases the risk of touching water caused by sensor errors or random sea conditions.To alleviate the large impact load by high-velocity water touching,a novel anti-ship missile body configuration is proposed in this paper,which is inspired by the idea of hydroplaning.A parametric geometry model is first developed to modify the configuration of the anti-ship missile body.Subsequently,a structured arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian based Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)model is established to analyze the kinematics parameters of the missile body during the hydroplaning process.A missile body configuration optimization problem is then formulated to minimize the impact load considering several constraints,e.g.,horizontal velocity loss,pitch angle after touching water,and inside capacity for payload.Due to the time-consuming FSI simulation,a Kriging-assisted constrained differential evolution method is utilized to optimize the missile body configuration for reducing the impact load.During the optimization process,radial basis function and Kriging are combined with evolutionary operators to lead the search to the vicinity of the optimum rapidly.The result shows that the proposed missile body configuration can reduce the impact load by 18.8%compared with the ordinary configuration.Additionally,the optimized configuration can further yield a 17.4%impact load decrease subject to all the constraints and avoid structural damage by the high-velocity water touching,which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed anti-ship missile body configuration and corresponding optimization framework for reducing the impact load.

Time-varying parameters estimation with adaptive neural network EKF for missile-dual control system

In this paper, a filtering method is presented to estimate time-varying parameters of a missile dual control system with tail fins and reaction jets as control variables. In this method, the long-short-term memory(LSTM) neural network is nested into the extended Kalman filter(EKF) to modify the Kalman gain such that the filtering performance is improved in the presence of large model uncertainties. To avoid the unstable network output caused by the abrupt changes of system states,an adaptive correction factor is introduced to correct the network output online. In the process of training the network, a multi-gradient descent learning mode is proposed to better fit the internal state of the system, and a rolling training is used to implement an online prediction logic. Based on the Lyapunov second method, we discuss the stability of the system, the result shows that when the training error of neural network is sufficiently small, the system is asymptotically stable. With its application to the estimation of time-varying parameters of a missile dual control system, the LSTM-EKF shows better filtering performance than the EKF and adaptive EKF(AEKF) when there exist large uncertainties in the system model.

Impact point prediction guidance of ballistic missile in high maneuver penetration condition

An impact point prediction(IPP) guidance based on supervised learning is proposed to address the problem of precise guidance for the ballistic missile in high maneuver penetration condition.An accurate ballistic trajectory model is applied to generate training samples,and ablation experiments are conducted to determine the mapping relationship between the flight state and the impact point.At the same time,the impact point coordinates are decoupled to improve the prediction accuracy,and the sigmoid activation function is improved to ameliorate the prediction efficiency.Therefore,an IPP neural network model,which solves the contradiction between the accuracy and the speed of the IPP,is established.In view of the performance deviation of the divert control system,the mapping relationship between the guidance parameters and the impact deviation is analysed based on the variational principle.In addition,a fast iterative model of guidance parameters is designed for reference to the Newton iteration method,which solves the nonlinear strong coupling problem of the guidance parameter solution.Monte Carlo simulation results show that the prediction accuracy of the impact point is high,with a 3 σ prediction error of 4.5 m,and the guidance method is robust,with a 3 σ error of 7.5 m.On the STM32F407 singlechip microcomputer,a single IPP takes about 2.374 ms,and a single guidance solution takes about9.936 ms,which has a good real-time performance and a certain engineering application value.

A distributed cooperative guidance law for salvo attack of multiple anti-ship missiles

The consensus problem of impact time is addressed for multiple anti-ship missiles. A new distributed cooperative guidance law with the form of biased proportional navigation guidance （BPNG） is presented. The proposed guidance law employs the available measurements of relative impact time error as the feedback information to achieve the consensus of impact time among mis- siles and, by exploiting the special structure of the biased cooperative control term, it can handle the seeker＇s field-of-view （FOV） constraint. The proposed scheme ensures convergence to consensus of impact time under either fixed or switching sensing/communication network, and the topological requirements are less restrictive than those in the existing results. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law.

Uncertainty entropy-based exploratory evaluation method and its applications on missile effectiveness evaluation

Some attributes are uncertain for evaluation work because of incomplete or limited information and knowledge.It leads to uncertainty in evaluation results.To that end,an evaluation method,uncertainty entropy-based exploratory evaluation(UEEE),is proposed to guide the evaluation activities,which can iteratively and gradually reduce uncertainty in evaluation results.Uncertainty entropy(UE)is proposed to measure the extent of uncertainty.First,the belief degree distributions are assumed to characterize the uncertainty in attributes.Then the belief degree distribution of the evaluation result can be calculated by using uncertainty theory.The obtained result is then checked based on UE to see if it could meet the requirements of decision-making.If its uncertainty level is high,more information needs to be introduced to reduce uncertainty.An algorithm based on the UE is proposed to find which attribute can mostly affect the uncertainty in results.Thus,efforts can be invested in key attribute(s),and the evaluation results can be updated accordingly.This update should be repeated until the evaluation result meets the requirements.Finally,as a case study,the effectiveness of ballistic missiles with uncertain attributes is evaluated by UEEE.The evaluation results show that the target is believed to be destroyed.

Robust missile autopilot design based on dynamic surface control

Since the dynamical system and control system of the missile are typically nonlinear, an effective acceleration tracking autopilot is designed using the dynamic surface control(DSC)technique in order to make the missile control system more robust despite the uncertainty of the dynamical parameters and the presence of disturbances. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical model of the tail-controlled missile is decomposed into slow acceleration dynamics and fast pitch rate dynamics based on the naturally existing time scale separation. Secondly, the controller based on DSC is designed after obtaining the linear dynamics characteristics of the slow and fast subsystems. An extended state observer is used to detect the uncertainty of the system state variables and aerodynamic parameters to achieve the compensation of the control law. The closed-loop stability of the controller is derived and rigorously analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the design is verified by Monte Carlo simulation considering different initial conditions and parameter uptake. Simulation results illustrate that the missile autopilot based DSC controller achieves better performance and robustness than the other two well-known autopilots.The method proposed in this paper is applied to the design of a missile autopilot, and the results show that the acceleration tracking autopilot based on the DSC controller can ensure accurate tracking of the required commands and has better performance.

Design and Simulation of Controller for Hyper Velocity Kinetic Energy Missile

The controller design and digital simulation for the hyper velocity kinetic energy missile is investigated. A mathematical model of the trajectory deviation from the line of sight was established, the guidance closed loop was compensated with a phase advance lag corrective network, a selecting algorithm of the attitude control motors used to steer the missile's attitude was presented. In the presence of a wide variety of disturbances the results of digital simulation are satisfactory to circular error probability(CEP) being less than 0 5?m. The steering scheme utilizing attitude control motors as actuators to control the attitude of the missile is feasible.

Active Control of Initial Disturbances for Rockets and Missiles

The active control theory and methods of initial disturbances for rockets and missiles are investigated. The rocket or missile/launcher is simplified as a flexible beam excited by a moving varying velocity rigid body which has two points in contact with the beam. The control force is applied at the supporting point on the beam. Active control strategies based on optimal control theory are proposed and computer simulation is carried out. Simulation results are consistent with the theoretical results, and show that the active control strategies proposed can accomplish the purpose to control the initial disturbances actively. The results show that active control of initial disturbances for rockets and missiles is feasible for application.

VIRTUAL TARGET DIFFERENTIAL GAME MIDCOURSE GUIDANCE LAW FOR HYPERSONIC CRUISE MISSILE BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK

For the high altitude cruising flight phase of a hypersonic cruise missile （HCM）, a relative motion mod- el between the missile and the target is established by defining virtual target and combining the theory of the dif- ferential geometry with missile motion equations. Based on the model, the motion between the missile and the tar- get is considered as a single target differential game problem, and a new open-loop differential game midcourse guidance law （DGMGL） is deduced by solving the corresponding Hamiltonian Function. Meanwhile, a new struc- ture of a closed-loop DGMGL is presented and the training data for back propagation neural network （BPNN） are designed. By combining the theory of BPNN with the open-loop DGMGL obtained above, the law intelligence is realized. Finally, simulation is carried out and the validity of the law is testified.

Cross Spectral Estimation and Its Application in Missile Systems

A new method based on cross-spectrum estimation for the verification and validation of computer simulation models is expounded in accordance with the characteristics of missile systems. The new method can expose the differences between two time processes in several aspects and can also give quantitative analysis results about the statistical consistence between them. An application to an actual anti-tank missile system simulation is presented and the calculated results confirm the effectiveness of the method. The approach can also be employed to verify the simulation models of other dynamic systems.