Dihydrochelerythrine(DHCHE)is an isoquinoline compound,which has distinct antifungal activity and can induce apoptosis.The antifungal activity of DHCHE against five rice pathogenic fungi was studied in vitro.At the co...Dihydrochelerythrine(DHCHE)is an isoquinoline compound,which has distinct antifungal activity and can induce apoptosis.The antifungal activity of DHCHE against five rice pathogenic fungi was studied in vitro.At the concentration of 7.5 mg/L,DHCHE exhibited the highest efficacy among tested compounds in inhibiting mycelium growth,with an inhibition rate of 68.8%in Ustilaginoidea virens,which was approximately 2.4 times of that of validamycin(28.7%).After exposure to DHCHE,transmission electron micrographs revealed spores showed incomplete organelles,malformed cell walls and nuclear membranes,as well as irregular lipid spheres.Reactive oxygen species accumulation in treated spores was markedly higher than that in control spores.DHCHE induced cell damage increased in a dose-dependent manner,as indicated by the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and initiation of apoptosis.The differences of expression levels of Fip1,ACP1,PMS2 and COX13 that are important for oxidative phosphorylation and mismatch repair pathway were significant,which may be some of the reasons for the induction of apoptosis in DHCHE-treated U.virens.The protein levels of Fip1,ACP1,PMS2 and COX13 agreed with protein fold change ratio from parallel reaction monitoring Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway of differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed.These findings will help to elucidate the mechanisms associated with antifungal and pro-apoptotic effects of DHCHE on U.virens,thereby aiding the potential development of novel pesticides.展开更多
The present work was aimed to the study of the antifungal activity of essential oils of two aromatic plants against three strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum responsible for white rot of bean. The two essential oils (...The present work was aimed to the study of the antifungal activity of essential oils of two aromatic plants against three strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum responsible for white rot of bean. The two essential oils (EO) of the studied plants: Thymus vulgaris (HET) and Cymbopogon citratrus (HEC), used at different concentrations: C1 (0.75 ml/ml), C2 (1.5 ml/ml) and C3 (3 ml/ml) presented significant inhibitory activities on the three tested fungal strains namely Bia 1, Bia 2, and Njo 2. Two control treatments (T-: containing no antifungal substance and T+: synthetic fungicide) were also used. The antifungal activity here is related to the inhibition of mycelial growth especially with high concentrations of essential oils. Thus, against S. sclerotiorum, HET showed the highest activity comparable to that of T+ (100% inhibition) at all concentrations on the Bia 1 and Bia 2 strains and at concentration C3 on the Njo 2 strain compared to that of HEC, which certainly inhibited the mycelial growth of the different strains considerably (with a maximum of 78.15% on the Njo 2 strain) but not completely. According to their sensitivity, the Bia 2 strain showed a higher sensitivity to essential oils than the others while the Njo 2 strain was more aggressive. On the basis of MIC<sub>50</sub> and MIC<sub>90</sub> obtained on the Njo 2 strain, the HET turns out to be the most efficient with respective lower values of (1.73 and 23.34 ml/ml) against (4.76 and 26.03 ml/ml) for the HEC. These EO could thus be exploited as biodegradable antifungal substances, likely to control white rot of bean.展开更多
5-(4-Cyclopropyl-5-((3-fluorobenzyl)sulfonyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole was synthesized and recrystallized from Et OH. The compound was characterized by ^1H NMR,MS,elemental analysis and ...5-(4-Cyclopropyl-5-((3-fluorobenzyl)sulfonyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole was synthesized and recrystallized from Et OH. The compound was characterized by ^1H NMR,MS,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The structure-active relationship and the antifungal activity based on density functional theory calculation(DFT) and antifungal activities were investigated. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P121/n1 with a = 8.929(3),b=12.715(4),c=15.161(5) A°,β = 106.142(3)o,V = 1653.3(9) A°3,Z = 4 and R = 0.0393 for 3930 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). Theoretical calculation of the title compound was carried out with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). The full geometry optimization was carried out using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set.The frontier orbital energy and atomic net charges were discussed. The observed results of the compound have been compared with theoretical results and the experimental data show good agreement with the calculated values. The compound exhibits good antifungal activity.展开更多
A new coordination compound, [Co(L223)2(H2O)2]·H2pm(1, L223 = 3,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole and H4 pm = pyromellitic acid), has been synthesized. The structure of complex 1 has been ch...A new coordination compound, [Co(L223)2(H2O)2]·H2pm(1, L223 = 3,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole and H4 pm = pyromellitic acid), has been synthesized. The structure of complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 10.2470(8), b = 10.2879(9), c = 10.2951(11) ?, α = 109.398(2), β = 97.6590(10), γ = 95.3260(10)°, V = 1003.60(16) ?3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.565 g/cm^3, μ = 0.508 mm%^-1, Mr = 945.73, F(000) = 485, the final R = 0.0562 and w R = 0.0783 with I 〉 2σ(I). Two L223 as chelating ligands link one Co(II) ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 2D coordination pattern with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the antifungal effects of the ligand and the complex were evaluated by the disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. 1 represents antifungal activity with high levels of inhibitory potency which is larger than the corresponding ligand.展开更多
The title compound 8-chloro-3-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine was prepared from 1-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)benzene and 8-chloro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-3(2H)-thione in the presence o...The title compound 8-chloro-3-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine was prepared from 1-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)benzene and 8-chloro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-3(2H)-thione in the presence of Na OH, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal is of triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 6.8264(6), b = 7.5890(4), c = 13.0960(7) A, α = 93.447(4), β = 98.772(6), γ = 92.615(6)o, V = 668.26(8) A3, Z = 2, the final R = 0.035 and wR = 0.09 for 2259 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound has activities against Stemphylium lycopersici(Enjoji) Yamamoto, Fusarium oxysporum. sp. cucumebrium, and Botrytis cinerea with inhibitory to be 51.19%, 62.02% and 15.56%, respectively.展开更多
A series of derivatives were synthesized from trichodermin(1) which was an antifungal metabolite produced by Trichoderma taxi sp.nov.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,MS spectrum.Their antifungal activities...A series of derivatives were synthesized from trichodermin(1) which was an antifungal metabolite produced by Trichoderma taxi sp.nov.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,MS spectrum.Their antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro.The preliminary structure activity relationships(SAR) results indicated that the double bond,epoxide moiety and ester group were main pharmacophore elements,the stereochemistry of C4 position played a key role as well,and the compounds 1e-1g displayed stronger antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea than 1.展开更多
A new lanthanide coordination polymer, [Ho(sba)(H2O)2(DMF)2]?H2O?DMF?Cl (1) based on the versatile ligand H2sba (H2sba = 4,4?-dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone), was prepared and characterized by single-crystal ...A new lanthanide coordination polymer, [Ho(sba)(H2O)2(DMF)2]?H2O?DMF?Cl (1) based on the versatile ligand H2sba (H2sba = 4,4?-dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone), was prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that complex 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group P with a = 10.6942(6), b = 11.8452(7), c = 13.1814(8) ?, α = 94.854(2), ? = 96.649(2), γ = 91.663(2)o, V = 1651.30(17) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.565 g?cm-3, μ = 2.597 mm-1, Mr = 777.98, F(000) = 780, the final R = 0.0446 and wR = 0.1116 with I 〉 2?(I). In the title complex, the Ho(III) ions exhibit 1D ∞-like double chains. The DMF molecules not only make the structure more stable, but also act as hydrogen bond acceptors making the 1D double chains into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework. In addition, the antifungal effects of the ligand, metal salt and Ho(III) complex have also been studied by the disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. It was found that the antifungal activity of complex 1 was better than the corresponding ligand and the metal salt. Complex 1 has potential applications in the antifungal activity.展开更多
The title compound 2-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(C_(14)H_(10)FN_3OS) was synthesized,and its structure was confirmed by ~1H NMR,MS,elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction. It ...The title compound 2-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(C_(14)H_(10)FN_3OS) was synthesized,and its structure was confirmed by ~1H NMR,MS,elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a = 11.541(16),b = 8.226(12),c = 13.683(19) ?,β = 94.872(17)o,V = 1294(3) ?~3,Z = 4 and R = 0.0648 for 2198 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has good activity against Pythium ultimum with inhibitory to be 100%.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide(SF-CO 2) for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogen...The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide(SF-CO 2) for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.展开更多
A series of 6-fluoro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline-2-carboxamide derivatives was designed based on the bioisosterism and combination principle in drug design. The target compounds were synthesized fr...A series of 6-fluoro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline-2-carboxamide derivatives was designed based on the bioisosterism and combination principle in drug design. The target compounds were synthesized from substituted aniline through Michael addition, cyclization, Mannich reaction and condensation with 4-substituted semicarbazides, and the structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry(MS) and 1H NMR. The antifungal assay was carried out in vitro by two-fold dilution. The result shows that all the compounds are of antifungal activities against the tested fungi at different levels.展开更多
In this paper nine New Mannich bases of 6-fluoro-thiochromanone and eight new 3-substituted-6.8-dichloro thiochromanones were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, H-1-NMR and elementary analysis. Mos...In this paper nine New Mannich bases of 6-fluoro-thiochromanone and eight new 3-substituted-6.8-dichloro thiochromanones were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, H-1-NMR and elementary analysis. Most of these compounds showed excellent antifungal activity.展开更多
Antifungal activity and mode of action of nine essential oils(EOs)against S.cerevisiae cells were examined.Antifungal effects of commercial lemon peel,orange peel,tea tree,turpentine,rosemary,peppermint,thyme,oregano ...Antifungal activity and mode of action of nine essential oils(EOs)against S.cerevisiae cells were examined.Antifungal effects of commercial lemon peel,orange peel,tea tree,turpentine,rosemary,peppermint,thyme,oregano and clove oils were determined through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC),Minimum Fungicidal Concentration(MFC)and inhibition zone measurements.The most effective oil was turpentine oil.Orange peel,thyme and oregano oils were also effective,according to MIC and MFC.Inhibition zone measurements,also revealed oregano,orange peel,thyme,turpentine and clove oils as most efficient ones.Later,membrane damage of yeast cells was studied by measuring the extracellular pH and conductivity in a concentration dependent manner.Orange peel,turpentine,thyme and oregano oils caused a clear increase in extracellular pH of glucose-induced yeast cells and induced an increase in extracellular conductivity.These results point to the deterioration of yeast cell membrane integrity upon exposure to EOs.Since these oils can be used as food preservatives and pharmaceutical agents,it is very important to understand their mode of action and their main target sites in the cell.Thus this research not only opens new perspectives to understand antifungal activity mechanisms of EOs,but also help widen their use.展开更多
Wood is mainly made up of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin polymers and other organic and inorganic substances, making it susceptible to deteriorate by various biological agents. Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak) is a timb...Wood is mainly made up of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin polymers and other organic and inorganic substances, making it susceptible to deteriorate by various biological agents. Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak) is a timberspecies with high resistance to biological deterioration, valued for its durability, beauty, and mechanical resistance.The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of crude extracts from teak on various fungi thatcause wood deterioration. For this, Teak heartwood was obtained, then fragmented and pulverized until obtaininga flour which was used for compounds extraction using the Soxhlet technique coupled to a rotary evaporatorthrough solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone). The extractsobtained were tested against fungal organisms collected in the field, and the LC50 was determined using teak crudeextracts on Artemia salina as a biological model. The results obtained showed that a high flour yield was obtainedwith hexane (0.951 g), followed by tetrahydrofuran (0.446 g), dichloromethane (0.348 g), and acetone (0.152 g). Byusing nine fungal organisms that predominantly correspond to the genus Aspergillus, the extractable compoundswere tested, inhibiting 25% of mycelial growth with tetrahydrofuran (T. versicolor), and 40.9% with dichloromethane(G. trabeum). Likewise, the biological model of A. salina showed an LC50 of 84.9 μg/mL with hexane, 43.3 μg/mLwith dichloromethane, 59.6 μg/mL with tetrahydrofuran, and 54.7 μg/mL with acetone. For this reason, it is concluded that Teak wood contains many extractable compounds in relation to its weight, besides having antimicrobialactivity when extracted through polar compounds such as dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran.展开更多
The antifungal activity and toxicity of new type polyene macrolide antibiotics-Antifungalmycin 702 and Fungichromin against Rhizoctonia solani, Hel- minthosporium sigmoideum Car. , Magnaporthe grisea and Ustilaginoide...The antifungal activity and toxicity of new type polyene macrolide antibiotics-Antifungalmycin 702 and Fungichromin against Rhizoctonia solani, Hel- minthosporium sigmoideum Car. , Magnaporthe grisea and Ustilaginoidea virens were studied by mycelial growth rate method and mycelial dry weight method in vitro. The results showed that both of Antifungalmycin 702 and Fungichromin had strong antifungal activity against four speices of rice pathogenic fungi. Treated with 50 μmL Antifungalmycin 702 , the inhibitory rates of Antifungalmycin 702 agmnst R. solani, H. sigmoideum Cav., M. grisea and U. virens were 100%, 100%,91.20% and 68.10%, and EC50 and ECho were 7.00, 10.30, 14.41, 26.71 and 13.20, 17.66, 27.67,128.28 p.g/mL, respectively. Treated with 13 pg/mL Fungichremln, the inhibitory rates of Fungichromin against four speices of rice pathogenic fungi were 78.20%, 100%, 100% and 79.17%, and ECs0 and ECg0 were 1.47, 1.91, 2.37, 0. 20 and 41. (15, 3.92, 4.34, 135.54 gg/mL, respectively. The antifungal activity of Fungichromin was stronger than Antifungalmycin 702.展开更多
[ Objective] The FaOLtr2 ( Frago^ia ananassa osmotin-like protein) is a functional homolog of PR5-1ike protein. This study was undertaken to produce recombinant FaOLP2 and to identify its antifungal activity. [ Meth...[ Objective] The FaOLtr2 ( Frago^ia ananassa osmotin-like protein) is a functional homolog of PR5-1ike protein. This study was undertaken to produce recombinant FaOLP2 and to identify its antifungal activity. [ Method] The ORF of FaOLP2 ( accession number DQ325524) was cloned into pET22b vector to con- stroct the pET22b-FaOLP2 plasmid. The recombinant mature FaOLP2 was expressed in E. coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3) by inducing with I nunol/L IPTG and found exclusively in insoluble inclusion bodies. As FaOLP2 requires the correct formation of eight disulfide bonds, but there were no obvious effect to correctly form these by expression at different temperatures and high osmotic pressure ( supplemented Betaineand and D-Sorbitol), we used an in vitro method to refold E. coli expressed FaOLP2 by gradually elution using reduced:oxidized gluthatione redox buffer, followed by 8 mol/L urea solubilized His6-tagged mature FaOLP2 protein, which was affinity-purified by an immobilized-metal (Ni2+ ) affinity chromatography (IMAC) column. [ Result] This method generated biologically active conformations of the recombinant mature FaOLP2 that displayed antifungal activity against Ustilaginoides virens, a plant pathogenic fungus, which causes rice false smut. [ Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further biotechnological application of the novel protein.展开更多
A new 3 d-4 f heterobimetallic complex [PrCu(sba)2(Hsba)(H2 O)3]·H2 O(1) based on a versatile ligand H2 sba(H2 sba = 4,4?-dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone) was prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-r...A new 3 d-4 f heterobimetallic complex [PrCu(sba)2(Hsba)(H2 O)3]·H2 O(1) based on a versatile ligand H2 sba(H2 sba = 4,4?-dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone) was prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that complex 1 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 12.4642(11), b = 16.0586(16), c = 21.9678(19) ?, β = 92.888(1)o, V = 4391.4(7) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.800 g·cm-3, μ = 1.812 mm-1, Mr = 1190.31, F(000) = 2388, the final R = 0.0663 and wR = 0.1539 for 7737 observed reflections with I 〉 2s(I). Complex 1 exhibits 2D network skeletons which are linked by hydrogen-bonding interactions to give a 3D supramolecular architecture. In addition, the antifungal effects of H2 sba, metal salts and the title complex have also been studied by disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Complex 1 has better antifungal activity than H2 sba and the corresponding metal salts. Complex 1 has potential applications in the antifungal activity.展开更多
Background: Nigeria is plagued with a variety of socioeconomic problems mainly poverty, poor access to quality healthcare and poor hygienic conditions resulting in the myriad of fungal infections that are frequently e...Background: Nigeria is plagued with a variety of socioeconomic problems mainly poverty, poor access to quality healthcare and poor hygienic conditions resulting in the myriad of fungal infections that are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Method: The antifungal activity of aqueous, methanolic, propanolic and benzyl alcohol extracts of Capsicum annuum fruits and seeds, Capsicum chinense fruits and seeds, Aframomum melegueta pods and seeds, Allium sativum bulbs, Allium cepa bulbs and Zingiber officinale rhizomes on Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus niger (mould) and Trichophyton rubrum (dermatophyte) were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. The aqueous and alcoholic filtered plant extracts were obtained by maceration, and also methanolic extracts were also obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The results were obtained by measuring the inhibition zone diameter in millimeters and were presented by subtracting the activity of the control. Results: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Allium sativum gave the highest inhibition of the growth of Candida albicans (22 mm), followed closely by its propanolic extract with inhibition zone diameter of 15 mm, and also, propanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta and Allium cepa gave inhibition zone diameters of 12 mm each. Soxhlet methanolic extract of Allium sativum had the highest inhibition of the growth of Aspergillus niger with an inhibition zone diameter of 25 mm, followed closely by Zingiber officinale Soxhlet methanolic extract with an inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm, also, the propanolic extract of Allium sativum gave an inhibition zone diameter of 21 mm, whereas Soxhlet methanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta and Allium cepa gave an inhibition zone diameter of 19 mm each. The highest activity against Trichophyton rubrum was obtained with the Soxhlet methanolic extract of Allium sativum (39 mm), followed closely by its propanolic extract with an inhibition zone diameter of 27 mm. An inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm was recorded with the benzyl alcohol extract of Allium cepa, 22 mm with the Soxhlet methanolic extract of Aframomum melegueta and 19mm with the aqueous extract of Capsicum chinense seeds. Conclusion: The in-vitro inhibitory effects of these spice extracts indicated that the test spices could serve as potential candidates for developing new systemic and topical antifungal drugs against the wide range of pathogenic fungal strains, and they could also serve as natural prophylaxis against the fungal infections.展开更多
Microorganism resistance to the existing products is yet another difficulty that agriculturalists have to deal with. In this context, the search for new agricultural products that can fight phytopathogens has become i...Microorganism resistance to the existing products is yet another difficulty that agriculturalists have to deal with. In this context, the search for new agricultural products that can fight phytopathogens has become increasingly important. Plants have played an important role in this process, because they can serve as a source of new compounds for drug discovery. Plants belonging to the genus Pinus produce an oleoresin that protects the plant against herbivores and pathogens. With a view to developing products that can combat fungal pathogens without harming the environment, this work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oleoresins and fractions of Pinus elliottii Engelm and Pinus tropicalis against phytopathogens. The methodology based on NCCLS M38-A standards aided antifungal activity assessment. The microdilution method helped to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis afforded the most significant results—they displayed fungicidal activity against all the tested species. MIC values were promising, especially the MIC of the oleoresin of P. elliottii against S. rolfsii (1.95 μg·mL-1). The MIC values of the oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis ranged from 1.95 to 1000 μg·mL-1 and from 31.25 to 250 μg·mL-1, respectively. Fraction PT2 of P. tropicalis furnished the best results among all the assayed fractions: MIC values lay between 125 and 500 μg·mL-11. In conclusion, the oleoresin of P. tropicalis is a promising source of new antifungal agents for application in the treatment of phytopathogenic infections.展开更多
The title compound N-((2,6-difluorophenyl)carbamoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide(C13H12F2N4O2) was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by ^1H NMR,HRMS and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes ...The title compound N-((2,6-difluorophenyl)carbamoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide(C13H12F2N4O2) was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by ^1H NMR,HRMS and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 9.50(2), b = 10.11(2), c = 14.07(3) A^°, β = 102.15(3)°, Dc = 1.480 g/cm^3, Z = 4, V = 1320(5) A^°3, the final R = 0.0789 and wR = 0.1860 for 1054 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has weak antifungal activities.展开更多
Marine microorganisms have long been recognized as potential sources for drug discovery.Griseofulvin was one of the first antifungal natural products and has been used as an antifungal agent for decades.In this study,...Marine microorganisms have long been recognized as potential sources for drug discovery.Griseofulvin was one of the first antifungal natural products and has been used as an antifungal agent for decades.In this study,12 new griseofulvin derivatives[(±)-1-2,(+)-3,(±)-4,10-12,and 14-15]and two new griseofulvin natural products(9 and 16)together with six known analogues[(-)-3,5-8,and 13]were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Nigrospora sp.QQYB1 treated with 0.3%NaCl or 2%NaBr in rice solid medium.Their 2D structures and absolute configurations were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis(1D and 2D NMR,HRESIMS),ECD spectra,computational calculation,DP4+analysis,and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.Compounds 1-4 represent the first griseofulvin enantiomers with four absolute configurations(2S,6'S;2R,6'R;2S,6'R;2R,6'S),and compounds 9-12 represent the first successful production of brominated griseofulvin derivatives from fungi via the addition of NaBr to the culture medium.In the antifungal assays,compounds 6 and 9 demonstrated significant inhibitory activities against the fungi Colletotrichum truncatum,Microsporum gypseum,and Trichophyton mentagrophyte with inhibition zones varying between 28 and 41 mm(10μg/disc).The structure-activity relationship(SAR)was analyzed,which showed that substituents at C-6,C-7,C-6'and the positions of the carbonyl and double bond of griseofulvin derivatives significantly affected the antifungal activity.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51678120).
文摘Dihydrochelerythrine(DHCHE)is an isoquinoline compound,which has distinct antifungal activity and can induce apoptosis.The antifungal activity of DHCHE against five rice pathogenic fungi was studied in vitro.At the concentration of 7.5 mg/L,DHCHE exhibited the highest efficacy among tested compounds in inhibiting mycelium growth,with an inhibition rate of 68.8%in Ustilaginoidea virens,which was approximately 2.4 times of that of validamycin(28.7%).After exposure to DHCHE,transmission electron micrographs revealed spores showed incomplete organelles,malformed cell walls and nuclear membranes,as well as irregular lipid spheres.Reactive oxygen species accumulation in treated spores was markedly higher than that in control spores.DHCHE induced cell damage increased in a dose-dependent manner,as indicated by the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and initiation of apoptosis.The differences of expression levels of Fip1,ACP1,PMS2 and COX13 that are important for oxidative phosphorylation and mismatch repair pathway were significant,which may be some of the reasons for the induction of apoptosis in DHCHE-treated U.virens.The protein levels of Fip1,ACP1,PMS2 and COX13 agreed with protein fold change ratio from parallel reaction monitoring Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway of differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed.These findings will help to elucidate the mechanisms associated with antifungal and pro-apoptotic effects of DHCHE on U.virens,thereby aiding the potential development of novel pesticides.
文摘The present work was aimed to the study of the antifungal activity of essential oils of two aromatic plants against three strains of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum responsible for white rot of bean. The two essential oils (EO) of the studied plants: Thymus vulgaris (HET) and Cymbopogon citratrus (HEC), used at different concentrations: C1 (0.75 ml/ml), C2 (1.5 ml/ml) and C3 (3 ml/ml) presented significant inhibitory activities on the three tested fungal strains namely Bia 1, Bia 2, and Njo 2. Two control treatments (T-: containing no antifungal substance and T+: synthetic fungicide) were also used. The antifungal activity here is related to the inhibition of mycelial growth especially with high concentrations of essential oils. Thus, against S. sclerotiorum, HET showed the highest activity comparable to that of T+ (100% inhibition) at all concentrations on the Bia 1 and Bia 2 strains and at concentration C3 on the Njo 2 strain compared to that of HEC, which certainly inhibited the mycelial growth of the different strains considerably (with a maximum of 78.15% on the Njo 2 strain) but not completely. According to their sensitivity, the Bia 2 strain showed a higher sensitivity to essential oils than the others while the Njo 2 strain was more aggressive. On the basis of MIC<sub>50</sub> and MIC<sub>90</sub> obtained on the Njo 2 strain, the HET turns out to be the most efficient with respective lower values of (1.73 and 23.34 ml/ml) against (4.76 and 26.03 ml/ml) for the HEC. These EO could thus be exploited as biodegradable antifungal substances, likely to control white rot of bean.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21002090)the National Key Technologies R&D Program(2011BAE06B03-01)
文摘5-(4-Cyclopropyl-5-((3-fluorobenzyl)sulfonyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole was synthesized and recrystallized from Et OH. The compound was characterized by ^1H NMR,MS,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The structure-active relationship and the antifungal activity based on density functional theory calculation(DFT) and antifungal activities were investigated. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P121/n1 with a = 8.929(3),b=12.715(4),c=15.161(5) A°,β = 106.142(3)o,V = 1653.3(9) A°3,Z = 4 and R = 0.0393 for 3930 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). Theoretical calculation of the title compound was carried out with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). The full geometry optimization was carried out using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set.The frontier orbital energy and atomic net charges were discussed. The observed results of the compound have been compared with theoretical results and the experimental data show good agreement with the calculated values. The compound exhibits good antifungal activity.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(No.NZ15015)
文摘A new coordination compound, [Co(L223)2(H2O)2]·H2pm(1, L223 = 3,4-bis(2-pyridyl)-5-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole and H4 pm = pyromellitic acid), has been synthesized. The structure of complex 1 has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 10.2470(8), b = 10.2879(9), c = 10.2951(11) ?, α = 109.398(2), β = 97.6590(10), γ = 95.3260(10)°, V = 1003.60(16) ?3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.565 g/cm^3, μ = 0.508 mm%^-1, Mr = 945.73, F(000) = 485, the final R = 0.0562 and w R = 0.0783 with I 〉 2σ(I). Two L223 as chelating ligands link one Co(II) ion to form a 0D motif. Furthermore, the 0D motifs are linked into a 2D coordination pattern with hydrogen bonds. In addition, the antifungal effects of the ligand and the complex were evaluated by the disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. 1 represents antifungal activity with high levels of inhibitory potency which is larger than the corresponding ligand.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21002090)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY16C140007)the public program of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2014C31127,2013C32SA700134)
文摘The title compound 8-chloro-3-((4-chlorobenzyl)thio)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine was prepared from 1-chloro-4-(chloromethyl)benzene and 8-chloro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-3(2H)-thione in the presence of Na OH, and its structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal is of triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 6.8264(6), b = 7.5890(4), c = 13.0960(7) A, α = 93.447(4), β = 98.772(6), γ = 92.615(6)o, V = 668.26(8) A3, Z = 2, the final R = 0.035 and wR = 0.09 for 2259 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The preliminary biological test showed that the title compound has activities against Stemphylium lycopersici(Enjoji) Yamamoto, Fusarium oxysporum. sp. cucumebrium, and Botrytis cinerea with inhibitory to be 51.19%, 62.02% and 15.56%, respectively.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30700532)the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang province(No.2008C02007-3)
文摘A series of derivatives were synthesized from trichodermin(1) which was an antifungal metabolite produced by Trichoderma taxi sp.nov.Their structures were confirmed by ~1H NMR,MS spectrum.Their antifungal activities were evaluated in vitro.The preliminary structure activity relationships(SAR) results indicated that the double bond,epoxide moiety and ester group were main pharmacophore elements,the stereochemistry of C4 position played a key role as well,and the compounds 1e-1g displayed stronger antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea than 1.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province(No.NZ15006)
文摘A new lanthanide coordination polymer, [Ho(sba)(H2O)2(DMF)2]?H2O?DMF?Cl (1) based on the versatile ligand H2sba (H2sba = 4,4?-dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone), was prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that complex 1 belongs to the triclinic system, space group P with a = 10.6942(6), b = 11.8452(7), c = 13.1814(8) ?, α = 94.854(2), ? = 96.649(2), γ = 91.663(2)o, V = 1651.30(17) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.565 g?cm-3, μ = 2.597 mm-1, Mr = 777.98, F(000) = 780, the final R = 0.0446 and wR = 0.1116 with I 〉 2?(I). In the title complex, the Ho(III) ions exhibit 1D ∞-like double chains. The DMF molecules not only make the structure more stable, but also act as hydrogen bond acceptors making the 1D double chains into a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework. In addition, the antifungal effects of the ligand, metal salt and Ho(III) complex have also been studied by the disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. It was found that the antifungal activity of complex 1 was better than the corresponding ligand and the metal salt. Complex 1 has potential applications in the antifungal activity.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY16C140007)the program of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(BY2014108-14)
文摘The title compound 2-((2-fluorobenzyl)thio)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(C_(14)H_(10)FN_3OS) was synthesized,and its structure was confirmed by ~1H NMR,MS,elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a = 11.541(16),b = 8.226(12),c = 13.683(19) ?,β = 94.872(17)o,V = 1294(3) ?~3,Z = 4 and R = 0.0648 for 2198 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has good activity against Pythium ultimum with inhibitory to be 100%.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Key Project of Henan Province, China (082102350006 and 102102310242)the College Young Teachers Projects of Henan Province, China (2010GGJS046)
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the extraction technique of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide(SF-CO 2) for the essential oil from Inula britannica flowers and its antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi for its potential application as botanical fungicide.The effects of factors,including extraction temperature,extraction pressure,SF-CO 2 flow rate,flower powder size,and time on the essential oil yield were studied using the single factor experiment.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield.Adopting the optimum conditions,the maximum yield reached 10.01% at 40°C temperature,30 MPa pressure,60 mesh flower powder size,20 L h-1SF-CO 2 flow rate,and 90 min extraction time.The antifungal activities of I.britannica essential oil using the SF-CO 2 against the most important plant pathogenic fungi were also examined through in vitro and in vivo tests.Sixteen plant pathogenic fungi were inhibited to varying degrees at 1 mg mL-1concentration of the essential oil.The mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was completely inhibited.The radial growths of Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium monilifome were also inhibited by 83.76 and 64.69%,respectively.In addition,the essential oil can inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Phytophthora capsici,Colletotrichum orbiculare,and Pyricularia grisea,and the corresponding inhibition rates were 98.26,96.54,87.89,and 87.35% respectively.The present study has demonstrated that the essential oil of I.britannica flowers extracted through the SF-CO 2 technique is one potential and promising antifungal agent that can be used as botanical fungicide to protect crops.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(No.2009ZX09301-012)
文摘A series of 6-fluoro-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinoline-2-carboxamide derivatives was designed based on the bioisosterism and combination principle in drug design. The target compounds were synthesized from substituted aniline through Michael addition, cyclization, Mannich reaction and condensation with 4-substituted semicarbazides, and the structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry(MS) and 1H NMR. The antifungal assay was carried out in vitro by two-fold dilution. The result shows that all the compounds are of antifungal activities against the tested fungi at different levels.
文摘In this paper nine New Mannich bases of 6-fluoro-thiochromanone and eight new 3-substituted-6.8-dichloro thiochromanones were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, H-1-NMR and elementary analysis. Most of these compounds showed excellent antifungal activity.
文摘Antifungal activity and mode of action of nine essential oils(EOs)against S.cerevisiae cells were examined.Antifungal effects of commercial lemon peel,orange peel,tea tree,turpentine,rosemary,peppermint,thyme,oregano and clove oils were determined through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration(MIC),Minimum Fungicidal Concentration(MFC)and inhibition zone measurements.The most effective oil was turpentine oil.Orange peel,thyme and oregano oils were also effective,according to MIC and MFC.Inhibition zone measurements,also revealed oregano,orange peel,thyme,turpentine and clove oils as most efficient ones.Later,membrane damage of yeast cells was studied by measuring the extracellular pH and conductivity in a concentration dependent manner.Orange peel,turpentine,thyme and oregano oils caused a clear increase in extracellular pH of glucose-induced yeast cells and induced an increase in extracellular conductivity.These results point to the deterioration of yeast cell membrane integrity upon exposure to EOs.Since these oils can be used as food preservatives and pharmaceutical agents,it is very important to understand their mode of action and their main target sites in the cell.Thus this research not only opens new perspectives to understand antifungal activity mechanisms of EOs,but also help widen their use.
基金Thanks to CONACYT for the scholarship granted(2019-000002-01NACF-13536).
文摘Wood is mainly made up of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin polymers and other organic and inorganic substances, making it susceptible to deteriorate by various biological agents. Tectona grandis L.f. (Teak) is a timberspecies with high resistance to biological deterioration, valued for its durability, beauty, and mechanical resistance.The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of crude extracts from teak on various fungi thatcause wood deterioration. For this, Teak heartwood was obtained, then fragmented and pulverized until obtaininga flour which was used for compounds extraction using the Soxhlet technique coupled to a rotary evaporatorthrough solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and acetone). The extractsobtained were tested against fungal organisms collected in the field, and the LC50 was determined using teak crudeextracts on Artemia salina as a biological model. The results obtained showed that a high flour yield was obtainedwith hexane (0.951 g), followed by tetrahydrofuran (0.446 g), dichloromethane (0.348 g), and acetone (0.152 g). Byusing nine fungal organisms that predominantly correspond to the genus Aspergillus, the extractable compoundswere tested, inhibiting 25% of mycelial growth with tetrahydrofuran (T. versicolor), and 40.9% with dichloromethane(G. trabeum). Likewise, the biological model of A. salina showed an LC50 of 84.9 μg/mL with hexane, 43.3 μg/mLwith dichloromethane, 59.6 μg/mL with tetrahydrofuran, and 54.7 μg/mL with acetone. For this reason, it is concluded that Teak wood contains many extractable compounds in relation to its weight, besides having antimicrobialactivity when extracted through polar compounds such as dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960011 and 31071724) Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (2009GZN0030)Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangxi Province(2007BN14002)
文摘The antifungal activity and toxicity of new type polyene macrolide antibiotics-Antifungalmycin 702 and Fungichromin against Rhizoctonia solani, Hel- minthosporium sigmoideum Car. , Magnaporthe grisea and Ustilaginoidea virens were studied by mycelial growth rate method and mycelial dry weight method in vitro. The results showed that both of Antifungalmycin 702 and Fungichromin had strong antifungal activity against four speices of rice pathogenic fungi. Treated with 50 μmL Antifungalmycin 702 , the inhibitory rates of Antifungalmycin 702 agmnst R. solani, H. sigmoideum Cav., M. grisea and U. virens were 100%, 100%,91.20% and 68.10%, and EC50 and ECho were 7.00, 10.30, 14.41, 26.71 and 13.20, 17.66, 27.67,128.28 p.g/mL, respectively. Treated with 13 pg/mL Fungichremln, the inhibitory rates of Fungichromin against four speices of rice pathogenic fungi were 78.20%, 100%, 100% and 79.17%, and ECs0 and ECg0 were 1.47, 1.91, 2.37, 0. 20 and 41. (15, 3.92, 4.34, 135.54 gg/mL, respectively. The antifungal activity of Fungichromin was stronger than Antifungalmycin 702.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(Y307591,Y3110288)Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Program of Zhejiang Province(2010R50028)
文摘[ Objective] The FaOLtr2 ( Frago^ia ananassa osmotin-like protein) is a functional homolog of PR5-1ike protein. This study was undertaken to produce recombinant FaOLP2 and to identify its antifungal activity. [ Method] The ORF of FaOLP2 ( accession number DQ325524) was cloned into pET22b vector to con- stroct the pET22b-FaOLP2 plasmid. The recombinant mature FaOLP2 was expressed in E. coli Rosetta-gami B (DE3) by inducing with I nunol/L IPTG and found exclusively in insoluble inclusion bodies. As FaOLP2 requires the correct formation of eight disulfide bonds, but there were no obvious effect to correctly form these by expression at different temperatures and high osmotic pressure ( supplemented Betaineand and D-Sorbitol), we used an in vitro method to refold E. coli expressed FaOLP2 by gradually elution using reduced:oxidized gluthatione redox buffer, followed by 8 mol/L urea solubilized His6-tagged mature FaOLP2 protein, which was affinity-purified by an immobilized-metal (Ni2+ ) affinity chromatography (IMAC) column. [ Result] This method generated biologically active conformations of the recombinant mature FaOLP2 that displayed antifungal activity against Ustilaginoides virens, a plant pathogenic fungus, which causes rice false smut. [ Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further biotechnological application of the novel protein.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(No.NZ15006)College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(201710749004)
文摘A new 3 d-4 f heterobimetallic complex [PrCu(sba)2(Hsba)(H2 O)3]·H2 O(1) based on a versatile ligand H2 sba(H2 sba = 4,4?-dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone) was prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction indicates that complex 1 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 12.4642(11), b = 16.0586(16), c = 21.9678(19) ?, β = 92.888(1)o, V = 4391.4(7) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.800 g·cm-3, μ = 1.812 mm-1, Mr = 1190.31, F(000) = 2388, the final R = 0.0663 and wR = 0.1539 for 7737 observed reflections with I 〉 2s(I). Complex 1 exhibits 2D network skeletons which are linked by hydrogen-bonding interactions to give a 3D supramolecular architecture. In addition, the antifungal effects of H2 sba, metal salts and the title complex have also been studied by disc diffusion method against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Complex 1 has better antifungal activity than H2 sba and the corresponding metal salts. Complex 1 has potential applications in the antifungal activity.
文摘Background: Nigeria is plagued with a variety of socioeconomic problems mainly poverty, poor access to quality healthcare and poor hygienic conditions resulting in the myriad of fungal infections that are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Method: The antifungal activity of aqueous, methanolic, propanolic and benzyl alcohol extracts of Capsicum annuum fruits and seeds, Capsicum chinense fruits and seeds, Aframomum melegueta pods and seeds, Allium sativum bulbs, Allium cepa bulbs and Zingiber officinale rhizomes on Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus niger (mould) and Trichophyton rubrum (dermatophyte) were evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. The aqueous and alcoholic filtered plant extracts were obtained by maceration, and also methanolic extracts were also obtained by Soxhlet extraction. The results were obtained by measuring the inhibition zone diameter in millimeters and were presented by subtracting the activity of the control. Results: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Allium sativum gave the highest inhibition of the growth of Candida albicans (22 mm), followed closely by its propanolic extract with inhibition zone diameter of 15 mm, and also, propanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta and Allium cepa gave inhibition zone diameters of 12 mm each. Soxhlet methanolic extract of Allium sativum had the highest inhibition of the growth of Aspergillus niger with an inhibition zone diameter of 25 mm, followed closely by Zingiber officinale Soxhlet methanolic extract with an inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm, also, the propanolic extract of Allium sativum gave an inhibition zone diameter of 21 mm, whereas Soxhlet methanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta and Allium cepa gave an inhibition zone diameter of 19 mm each. The highest activity against Trichophyton rubrum was obtained with the Soxhlet methanolic extract of Allium sativum (39 mm), followed closely by its propanolic extract with an inhibition zone diameter of 27 mm. An inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm was recorded with the benzyl alcohol extract of Allium cepa, 22 mm with the Soxhlet methanolic extract of Aframomum melegueta and 19mm with the aqueous extract of Capsicum chinense seeds. Conclusion: The in-vitro inhibitory effects of these spice extracts indicated that the test spices could serve as potential candidates for developing new systemic and topical antifungal drugs against the wide range of pathogenic fungal strains, and they could also serve as natural prophylaxis against the fungal infections.
基金CNPq(Brazilian National Research Council)which has awarded us a grant for this research
文摘Microorganism resistance to the existing products is yet another difficulty that agriculturalists have to deal with. In this context, the search for new agricultural products that can fight phytopathogens has become increasingly important. Plants have played an important role in this process, because they can serve as a source of new compounds for drug discovery. Plants belonging to the genus Pinus produce an oleoresin that protects the plant against herbivores and pathogens. With a view to developing products that can combat fungal pathogens without harming the environment, this work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the oleoresins and fractions of Pinus elliottii Engelm and Pinus tropicalis against phytopathogens. The methodology based on NCCLS M38-A standards aided antifungal activity assessment. The microdilution method helped to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis afforded the most significant results—they displayed fungicidal activity against all the tested species. MIC values were promising, especially the MIC of the oleoresin of P. elliottii against S. rolfsii (1.95 μg·mL-1). The MIC values of the oleoresins of P. elliottii and P. tropicalis ranged from 1.95 to 1000 μg·mL-1 and from 31.25 to 250 μg·mL-1, respectively. Fraction PT2 of P. tropicalis furnished the best results among all the assayed fractions: MIC values lay between 125 and 500 μg·mL-11. In conclusion, the oleoresin of P. tropicalis is a promising source of new antifungal agents for application in the treatment of phytopathogenic infections.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY16C140007)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31401691)
文摘The title compound N-((2,6-difluorophenyl)carbamoyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide(C13H12F2N4O2) was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by ^1H NMR,HRMS and X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 9.50(2), b = 10.11(2), c = 14.07(3) A^°, β = 102.15(3)°, Dc = 1.480 g/cm^3, Z = 4, V = 1320(5) A^°3, the final R = 0.0789 and wR = 0.1860 for 1054 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). The preliminary biological test shows that the title compound has weak antifungal activities.
基金funded by the Guangdong Marine Economy Development Special Project(GDNRC[2022]35,GDNRC[2023]39)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2001,42276114).
文摘Marine microorganisms have long been recognized as potential sources for drug discovery.Griseofulvin was one of the first antifungal natural products and has been used as an antifungal agent for decades.In this study,12 new griseofulvin derivatives[(±)-1-2,(+)-3,(±)-4,10-12,and 14-15]and two new griseofulvin natural products(9 and 16)together with six known analogues[(-)-3,5-8,and 13]were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Nigrospora sp.QQYB1 treated with 0.3%NaCl or 2%NaBr in rice solid medium.Their 2D structures and absolute configurations were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis(1D and 2D NMR,HRESIMS),ECD spectra,computational calculation,DP4+analysis,and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.Compounds 1-4 represent the first griseofulvin enantiomers with four absolute configurations(2S,6'S;2R,6'R;2S,6'R;2R,6'S),and compounds 9-12 represent the first successful production of brominated griseofulvin derivatives from fungi via the addition of NaBr to the culture medium.In the antifungal assays,compounds 6 and 9 demonstrated significant inhibitory activities against the fungi Colletotrichum truncatum,Microsporum gypseum,and Trichophyton mentagrophyte with inhibition zones varying between 28 and 41 mm(10μg/disc).The structure-activity relationship(SAR)was analyzed,which showed that substituents at C-6,C-7,C-6'and the positions of the carbonyl and double bond of griseofulvin derivatives significantly affected the antifungal activity.