Effect of Ilizarov external fixation combined with negative pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics in the treatment of infective tibial nonunion

Objective:Observation on the effect of Ilizarov external fixation combined with vacuum pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics in the treatment of infective tibial nonunion.Methods:79 patients with tibial infective nonunion who were treated in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2018 were divided into two groups according to random number table,with 39 patients in the control group treated with Ilizarov external fixation technology and 40 patients in the study group treated with vacuum pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics on the basis of the control group.Bone healing time and daily walking were recorded.Rasmussen score,serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and IL-6 levels,lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor function score and lower limb BI index score were compared at different time.Results:The daily walking condition of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the healing time of bone was significantly shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05);the Rasmussen score of the study group was higher than that of the control group at 1 month,6 months and 12 months after treatment(P<0.05);the levels of serum ICAM-1 and IL-6 in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the levels of serum ICAM-1 and IL-6 in the study group were lower than those in the control group after treatment(P<0.05).The lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor function score and lower limb BI index score of the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and the lower limb Fugl-Meyer motor function score and lower limb BI index score of the study group after treatment were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Ilizarov external fixation combined with vacuum pressure sealing drainage and antibiotics can promote the bone healing of patients with infective tibial nonunion,significantly improving their daily walking condition,alleviating inflammation,and recovering the knee joint function and lower limb function well.

Feasibility study on construction of humanized mice with antibiotics combined with fecal bacteria transplantation

Objective:To select a common method of humanized mice and verify its feasibility with the aim to provide atheoretical basis for subsequent fecal bacteria transplantation research.Methods:1.Specific Pathogen Free(SPF)mice were fed with antibiotics mixed with sterilized drinking water for 3 weeks,during which the general situation of mice was recorded.After 3 weeks,the number of microbes in mice's feces was evaluated by Gram staining.2.After antibiotic treatment,mice were transplanted fecal bacteria by gavage for a week.Then,the contents of fecal bacteria in the donor and recipient feces was determined by RT-PCR,to evaluate the colonization effect of fecal bacteria.Results:(1)Antibiotic treatment had an effect on weight,feed and drinking water consumption of mice,and the fecal bacteria in mice decreased obviously.(2)After fecal bacteria transplantation,the Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes of the mice receiving Donor1 fecal bacteria accounted for 15.4%,112%and 13.7%of the mice receiving Donor2 fecal bacteria,respectively.The Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes of Donor1 fecal bacteria accounted for 33.7%,104%and 32%of Donor2,respectively.The recipient's gut microbes had the same trend as human donors.Conclusions:These results indicate that antibiotic treatment combined with fecal bacterial transplantation is feasible and safe for humanizing SPF mice.

The Clinical Effects Study of Hepatic Failure by Intraperitoneal Injection of Antibiotics,Intravenous Injection of Terlipressin,and Combined Therapy of Coloclysis and Plasma Exchange

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of intraperitoneal injection of antibiotics,intravenous injection of terlipressin,and combined treatment of coloclysis and plasma exchange on hepatic failure(HF),the subjects included 494 inpatient cases of hepatic failure who were treated in Department of Infectious Diseases,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China from 1997 to2008.Methods The patients that met the inclusion criteria were divided into intraperitoneal antibiotic injection group,intravenous terlipressin injection group,coloclysis group,plasma exchange group,combination group of coloclysis and plasma exchange in terms of treatment given and a control group was set up for each of the treatment group.In the intraperitoneal injection group,the prognosis and changes in clinical manifestations were observed in HF patients complicated with spontaneous peritonitis(SBP).In terlipressin injection group,HF patients complicated with hepatorenal syndrome(HRS) were observed for prognosis and changes in serum creatinine.In the combination group,the improvement in serum total bilirubin and prothrombin activity were observed.Results Two weeks after intraperitoneal injection of antibiotics,the ease ratios of abdominal pain,pressure pain and rebound tenderness were 87.64%,82.02%and 82.02%in the intraperitoneal injection group,respectively and the volume of ascites obviously decreased in 69 patients(77.53%).The survival rate in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than in control group(P = 0.004).Four to eight days after the intravenous injection of terlipressin,the survival rate and the rate of serum creatinine decline of the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P = 0.003,P = 0.000).After 4 weeks of treatment,the ratio of clinical symptoms improvement(acratia,anorexia,abdominal distension,constipation) in coloclysis group were60.27%,57.53%,91.78%and 94.52%,in plasma exchange group were 71.83%,69.44%,75%and 72.22%,and in combination group were 82.14%,79.46%,92.85%and 95.54%.The serum total bilirubin was decreased and the prothrombin activity increased and the differences were statistically significant as compared with control group(P= 0.000).Conclusions The intraperitoneal injection of antibiotics,intravenous injection of terlipressin and combined treatment of coloclysis and plasma exchange were all effective for the treatment of HF and its complications.

Evaluation of the general conditions and inflammatory response of antibiotics combined with fat-soluble vitamin therapy for pediatric pneumonia

Objective: To evaluate the general conditions and inflammatory response of antibiotics combined with fat-soluble vitamin therapy for pediatric pneumonia. Methods: A total of 350 children with pneumonia who were treated in our hospital between January 2014 and January 2017 were collected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table, 175 cases in each group. Control group received azithromycin therapy, and observation group received azithromycin combined with fat-soluble vitamin therapy. The differences in the systemic and inflammatory responses before and after treatment were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: Before treatment, differences in blood routine index levels as well as serum contents of oxidative stress indexes and inflammatory factors were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, white blood cell count, neutrophil ratio as well as serum CRP, PCT, IL-6 and TNF-α contents of both groups were lower than those before treatment while lymphocyte ratio as well as serum IgA, IgG and IgM contents were higher than those before treatment, and white blood cell count, neutrophil ratio as well as serum CRP, PCT, IL-6 and TNF-α contents of observation group after treatment were lower than those of control group while lymphocyte ratio as well as serum IgA, IgG and IgM contents was higher than those of control group. Conclusion:Antibiotics combined with fat-soluble vitamin therapy for pediatric pneumonia can effectively optimize the patient's general conditions and reduce the inflammatory response.

Effects of glucocorticoid combined with antibiotics on serum infection indexes, acute phase proteins and stress hormones in patients with severe pneumonia

Objective: To study the effects of glucocorticoid combined with antibiotics on serum infection indexes, acute phase proteins and stress hormones in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods: a total of 80 patients with severe pneumonia who were hospitalized between August 2014 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the routine treatment group (n=46) who received conventional antibiotic therapy and the combined treatment group (n=34) who received glucocorticoid combined with antibiotic therapy, and the differences in infection indexes, acute proteins and stress hormones were compared between the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Results: The differences in serum levels of infection indexes, acute phase proteins and stress hormones were not statistically significant between the two groups before treatment. After 1 week of treatment, serum infection indexes CRP and PCT levels of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum acute phase proteins α1-AT, α1-AG and CER levels were lower than those of control group;serum stress hormones Cor, AngⅠ and AngⅡ levels were lower than those of control group. Conclusion:Glucocorticoid combined with antibiotics can effectively inhibit systemic infection and stress and optimize the illness in patients with severe pneumonia.

Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotics against Some Selected Multidrug Resistant Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Akure, Nigeria

Antibiotic resistant bacteria pass between humans, between animals and between humans and animals in both directions, the use of antibiotics in poultry has contributed to multiple antibiotic resistant in pathogenic bacteria and use of two antibiotics might prevent the emergence of resistance to either. In this study, synergistic effect of combined antibiotics against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacterial isolates from poultry droppings in Akure, Nigeria was examined. Collection of samples, isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out using standard microbiological method, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition was used to interpret the sensitivity test as resistant, susceptible or intermediate while combined effects of two antibiotics were investigated by macrobroth dilution and checkerboard assay methods while the synergetic effects of combined antibiotics were calculated using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) and percentage synergistic interaction was calculated. All the ten (10) species of bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant and are less resistant to ofloxacin. The highest percentage synergistic interactions observed were Ofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Ciprofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Tetracycline + Amoxicillin (70%), Tetracycline + Augmentin (80%), Cotrimoxazol + Amoxicillin (50%), Cotrimoxazol + Augmentin (70%), Chloramphenicol + Amoxicillin (70%) and Chloramphenicol + Augmentin (80%). Poultry droppings is a potential source of human pathogenic bacteria, high frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance bacteria observed in this study is of great treat to man as this may cause the treatment of infection caused by these bacteria to be difficult. Combination of beta-lactam antibiotic with fluoroqunolones, tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole was synergetic and this will reduce dose related toxicity and prevent resistance to single antibiotic.

In vitro activity of allicin combined with two antibiotics on intestinal Shigella

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the combined antibacterial effects of allicin in combination with levofloxacin and ceftriaxone on Shigella isolated from the intestinal tract in vitro. Materials and Methods: Using a checkerboard design, broth microdilution assay was used to test the effects of the compounds on the organism. We also determined the MIC of the two groups of antibacterial drugs against 30 strains of Shigella and calculated the fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC) index, to judge the combination effect. Result: After the combined application of allicin and ceftriaxone the MIC decreased significantly. Distribution of the FIC index was as follows: FIC ≤0.5, accounting for 10%; 0.5< FIC ≤1.0, accounting for 60%; 1 < FIC ≤2, accounting for 30%; FIC >2, percentage is zero. After combined application of allicin and levofloxacin, distribution of FIC index was as follows: FIC≤0.5, ratio is zero; 0.5< FIC ≤1, accounting for 56.7%; 1 < FIC ≤2, accounting for 43.3%; FIC >2, ratio is zero. Conclusion: After the combined use of ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and allicin, most of the tests showed synergistic effects and additive effects on Shigella, while some of them showed no correlation and no antagonistic effect.

Antibacterial Effect of Antibiotics Combined Application on Escherichia coli

[Objective] The aim was to explore the antibacterial effect of in -vitro combined application of imipenem and ceftriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox on E. coliATCC25922. [Methods] The minimum inhibition concentration of all kinds of the drugs to E. co/i ATCC25922 was determined and bacteriostatic effect of imipenem and ceffriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox on E. coli ATCC＇25922 was determined with chessboard microdilution method. [ Results] Combined applications of imipenem and caftriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox to E. coli ATCC25922 revealed synergistic effects. [ Ceedusion] Combined applications of imipenem and ceftriaxone sodium, imipenem and cefotaxime sodium, amikacin and maquinox greatly reduced drug dosa,qe, imDroved the druq effect, and provided theoretical support for clinical medicine.

Antibacterial Effect of Herba paederiae and Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch.-Bip Combined with Antibiotics

[ Objective] TO observe the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Herba paederiae and Kalimeds indica （ L. ） Sch.-Bip and their antibacterial effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics. [ Method ] Staphylococcus aureus CMCC29178 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 reference strains were used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） and fractional inhibitory concentration （FIC） index using the broth microdilution method. [ Result] The aqueous extracts of Herba paederiae and Kalimeris indica （ L. ） Sch. -Bip had certain antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Eschedchia coli. Synergistic effects or additive effects at different degrees were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics. [ Conclusion] Water extraction can be widely used to primarily screen medicinal plants with antibacterial activity.

Effect of ulinastatin combined with antibiotics on systemic inflammatory response and stress hormone secretion in patients with acute severe pneumonia

Objective:To study the effect of ulinastatin combined with antibiotics on systemic inflammatory response and stress hormone secretion in patients with acute severe pneumonia. Methods: A total of 78 patients with acute severe pneumonia in our hospital between December 2014 and January 2017 were randomly divided into routine group and ulinastatin group, each with 39 cases. Routine group were treated with conventional antibiotics, ulinastatin group were treated with ulinastatin and antibiotics, and the treatments lasted for 2 weeks. The differences of serum acute phase proteins, inflammatory factors and stress hormones were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: Before treatment, there were no significant differences in serum contents of acute phase proteins, inflammatory factors or stress hormones between the two groups. After 2 weeks of treatment, serum acute phase protein prealbumin (PA) content in ulinastatin group was higher than that in routine group whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) content was lower than that in routine group;serum inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents in ulinastatin group were lower than those in routine group;serum stress hormones NE, Cor and AngII contents in ulinastatin group were lower than those in routine group. Conclusion:Ulinastatin combined with antibiotics for acute severe pneumonia can inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and stress response.

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Commercial Toothpastes and Antibiotics on Two Oral Pathogenic Bacteria—An in-Vitro Study

Oral health problems such as periodontal diseases, dental caries, and endodontic infections have a significant negative impact on oral health and impose a substantial financial burden on the global population. The prevalence of these issues is increasing due to the buildup of bacterial plaque and the growing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial treatments. The aims of this study to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of four types of antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Azithromycin and Metronidazole) and four types of toothpastes (Sensodyne, ipana, denta and cariax Gingival Kin) on two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Bacterial samples of previously isolated Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcusepidermidis were used as test organisms and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of various antibiotics and evaluate the impact of different toothpastes using a filter paper disc agar measurement technique. Each filter disc was saturated with toothpaste solution in a test tube for approximately 30 to 40 seconds, after which they were placed on Mueller-Hinton broth bacterial cultures in petri dishes. These Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the clear zone’s diameter (inhibition zone in mm) was subsequently measured and the results were recorded. The results demonstrated that Sensodyne toothpaste and Metronidazole antibiotic were ineffective against both types of bacteria, while Augmentin and Amoxicillin were effective by high diameter inhibition zones of growth against S. mutans and Azithromycine against S. epidermidis. Also Ipana, Denta, and Cariax Gingival Kin toothpastes exhibited a moderate effect against the two bacteria. This study suggests that certain antibiotics and toothpastes can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful oral bacteria, but not all of them are effective.

Simultaneous Degradation, Dehalogenation, and Detoxification of Halogenated Antibiotics by Carbon Dioxide Radical Anions

Despite the extensive application of advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)in water treatment,the efficiency of AOPs in eliminating various emerging contaminants such as halogenated antibiotics is constrained by a number of factors.Halogen moieties exhibit strong resistance to oxidative radicals,affecting the dehalogenation and detoxification efficiencies.To address these limitations of AOPs,advanced reduction processes(ARPs)have been proposed.Herein,a novel nucleophilic reductant—namely,the carbon dioxide radical anion(CO_(2)^(·-))—is introduced for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of florfenicol(FF),a typical halogenated antibiotic.The results demonstrate that FF is completely eliminated by CO_(2)^(·-),with approximately 100%of Cland 46%of Freleased after 120 min of treatment.Simultaneous detoxification is observed,which exhibits a linear response to the release of free inorganic halogen ions(R2=0.97,p<0.01).The formation of halogen-free products is the primary reason for the superior detoxification performance of this method,in comparison with conventional hydroxyl-radical-based AOPs.Products identification and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal the underlying dehalogenation mechanism,in which the chlorine moiety of FF is more susceptible than other moieties to nucleophilic attack by CO_(2)^(·-).Moreover,CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs exhibit superior dehalogenation efficiencies(>75%)in degrading a series of halogenated antibiotics,including chloramphenicol(CAP),thiamphenicol(THA),diclofenac(DLF),triclosan(TCS),and ciprofloxacin(CIP).The system shows high tolerance to the pH of the solution and the presence of natural water constituents,and demonstrates an excellent degradation performance in actual groundwater,indicating the strong application potential of CO_(2)^(·-)-based ARPs in real life.Overall,this study elucidates the feasibility of CO_(2)^(·-)for the simultaneous degradation,dehalogenation,and detoxification of halogenated antibiotics and provides a promising method for their regulation during water or wastewater treatment.

A novel Ag/ZnO core-shell structure for efficient sterilization synergizing antibiotics and subsequently removing residuals

The massive use of antibiotics has led to the aggravation of bacterial resistance and also brought environmental pollution problems.This poses a great threat to human health.If the dosage of antibiotics is reduced by increasing its bactericidal performance,the emergence of drug resistance is certainly delayed,so that there's not enough time for developing drug resistance during treatment.Therefore,we selected typical representative materials of metal Ag and semiconductor ZnO nano-bactericides to design and synthesize Ag/ZnO hollow core-shell structures(AZ for short).Antibiotics are grafted on the surface of AZ through rational modification to form a composite sterilization system.The research results show that the antibacterial efficiency of the composite system is significantly increased,from the sum(34.7%+22.8%-57.5%)of the antibacterial efficiency of AZ and gentamicin to 80.2%,net synergizes 22.7%,which fully reflects the effect of 1+1>2.Therefore,the dosage of antibiotics can be drastically reduced in this way,which makes both the possibility of bacterial resistance and medical expenses remarkably decrease.Subsequently,residual antibiotics can be degraded under simple illumination using AZ-self as a photocatalyst,which cuts off the path of environmental pollution.In short,such an innovative route has guiding significance for drug resistance.

Performance of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Cogeneration Units Influenced by Heating Network Terminal Steam Parameters

The determination of source-side extracted heating parameters is of great significance to the economic operation of cogeneration systems.This paper investigated the coupling performance of a cogeneration heating and power system multidimensionally based on the operating characteristics of the cogeneration units,the hydraulic and thermodynamic characteristics of the heating network,and the energy loads.Taking a steam network supported by a gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration system as the research case,the interaction effect among the source-side prime movers,the heating networks,and the terminal demand thermal parameters were investigated based on the designed values,the plant testing data,and the validated simulation.The operating maps of the gas-steam combined cycle cogeneration units were obtained using THERMOFLEX,and the minimum source-side steam parameters of the steam network were solved using an inverse solution procedure based on the hydro-thermodynamic coupling model.The cogeneration operating maps indicate that the available operating domain considerably narrows with the rise of the extraction steam pressure and flow rate.The heating network inverse solution demonstrates that the source-side steam pressure and temperature can be optimized from the originally designed 1.11 MPa and 238.8°C to 1.074 MPa and 191.15°C,respectively.Under the operating strategy with the minimum source-side heating parameters,the power peak regulation depth remarkably increases to 18.30%whereas the comprehensive thermal efficiency decreases.The operation under the minimum source-side heating steam parameters can be superior to the originally designed one in the economy at a higher price of the heating steam.At a fuel price of$0.38/kg and the power to fuel price of 0.18 kg/(kW·h),the critical price ratio of heating steam to fuel is 119.1 kg/t.The influence of the power-fuel price ratio on the economic deviation appears relatively weak.

Left atrial appendage occluder detachment treated with transthoracic ultrasound combined with digital subtraction angiography guided catcher:A case report

BACKGROUND There are very few cases of cardiac occluder detachment,and it is rare to completely remove the occluder using interventional methods without undergoing thoracotomy surgery after detachment.This case innovatively used ultrasound guidance combined with digital subtraction angiography(DSA)to completely remove the occluder,accumulating some experience.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left atrial appendage occlusion surgery in our hospital due to atrial fibrillation.After the surgery,the occluder fell off and became free in the left ventricle,which is very dangerous.We innovatively used ultrasound guidance,combined with DSA,and interventional surgery to successfully capture the free occluder using a catcher,completely remove it,and then re implant a new left atrial appendage occluder.After the surgery,the patient recovered very well.CONCLUSION The size selection of the occluder is slightly conservative,and the shape of the left atrial appendage opening is irregular.

Winter Wheat Yield Estimation Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm Combined with Random Forest:A Case Study in Henan Province,China

Precise and timely prediction of crop yields is crucial for food security and the development of agricultural policies.However,crop yield is influenced by multiple factors within complex growth environments.Previous research has paid relatively little attention to the interference of environmental factors and drought on the growth of winter wheat.Therefore,there is an urgent need for more effective methods to explore the inherent relationship between these factors and crop yield,making precise yield prediction increasingly important.This study was based on four type of indicators including meteorological,crop growth status,environmental,and drought index,from October 2003 to June 2019 in Henan Province as the basic data for predicting winter wheat yield.Using the sparrow search al-gorithm combined with random forest(SSA-RF)under different input indicators,accuracy of winter wheat yield estimation was calcu-lated.The estimation accuracy of SSA-RF was compared with partial least squares regression(PLSR),extreme gradient boosting(XG-Boost),and random forest(RF)models.Finally,the determined optimal yield estimation method was used to predict winter wheat yield in three typical years.Following are the findings:1)the SSA-RF demonstrates superior performance in estimating winter wheat yield compared to other algorithms.The best yield estimation method is achieved by four types indicators’composition with SSA-RF)(R^(2)=0.805,RRMSE=9.9%.2)Crops growth status and environmental indicators play significant roles in wheat yield estimation,accounting for 46%and 22%of the yield importance among all indicators,respectively.3)Selecting indicators from October to April of the follow-ing year yielded the highest accuracy in winter wheat yield estimation,with an R^(2)of 0.826 and an RMSE of 9.0%.Yield estimates can be completed two months before the winter wheat harvest in June.4)The predicted performance will be slightly affected by severe drought.Compared with severe drought year(2011)(R^(2)=0.680)and normal year(2017)(R^(2)=0.790),the SSA-RF model has higher prediction accuracy for wet year(2018)(R^(2)=0.820).This study could provide an innovative approach for remote sensing estimation of winter wheat yield.yield.

Current trends in nanomaterials-mediated biosensing platforms and signal amplification strategies for antibiotics detection in dairy products

Dairy products have become one of the most prevalent daily foods worldwide,but safety concerns are rising.In dairy farming,unscrupulous traders misuse antibiotics to treat some diseases such as mastitis in cows,leading to antibiotic residues in dairy products.Rapid,sensitive,and simple detection methods for antibiotic residues are particularly important for food safety in dairy products.Traditional detection technology can effectively detect antibiotics,but there are defects such as complicated pre-treatment and high cost.Biosensors are widely used in food safety due to fast detection speed,low detection cost,strong anti-interference ability,and suitability for the field application.Nevertheless,these sensors often fail to trigger the signal conversion output due to low target concentration.To cope with this issue,some high-efficiency signal amplification systems can be introduced to improve the detection sensitivity and linear range of biosensors.In this review,we focused on:(i)Sources and toxicity of major antibiotics in animal-derived foods.(ii)Nanomaterial-mediated biosensors for real-time detection of target antibiotics in animal-derived foods.(iii)Signal amplification techniques to increase the sensitivity of biosensors.Finally,future prospects and challenges in this research field are discussed.

Grain Yield,Biomass Accumulation,and Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice under Combined Salinity-Drought Stress

Simultaneous stresses of salinity and drought often coincide during rice-growing seasons in saline lands,primarily due to insufficient water resources and inadequate irrigation facilities.Consequently,combined salinity-drought stress poses a major threat to rice production.In this study,two salinity levels(NS,non-salinity;HS,high salinity)along with three drought treatments(CC,control condition;DJ,drought stress imposed at jointing;DH,drought stress imposed at heading)were performed to investigate their combined influences on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation,and rice yield formation.Salinity,drought,and their combination led to a shortened growth period from heading to maturity,resulting in a reduced overall growth duration.Grain yield was reduced under both salinity and drought stress,with a more substantial reduction under the combined salinity-drought stress.The combined stress imposed at heading caused greater yield losses in rice compared with the stress imposed at jointing.Additionally,the combined salinity-drought stress induced greater decreases in shoot biomass accumulation from heading to maturity,as well as in shoot biomass and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)content in the stem at heading and maturity.However,it increased the harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve.Salinity and drought reduced the leaf area index and SPAD value of flag leaves and weakened the leaf photosynthetic characteristics as indicated by lower photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,and stomatal conductance.These reductions were more pronounced under the combined stress.Salinity,drought,and especially their combination,decreased the activities of ascorbate peroxidase,catalase,and superoxide dismutase,while increasing the contents of malondialdehyde,hydrogen peroxide,and superoxide radical.Our results indicated a more significant yield loss in rice when subjected to combined salinity-drought stress.The individual and combined stresses of salinity and drought diminished antioxidant enzyme activities,inhibited leaf photosynthetic functions,accelerated leaf senescence,and subsequently lowered assimilate accumulation and grain yield.

Single flow treatment degradation of antibiotics in water using falling-film dielectric barrier discharge

The environmental contamination caused by antibiotics is increasingly conspicuous due to their widespread manufacture and misuse. Plasma has been employed in recent years for the remediation of antibiotic pollution in the environment. In this work, a falling-film dielectric barrier discharge was used to degrade the antibiotic tetracycline(TC) in water. The reactor combined the gas-liquid discharge and active gas bubbling to improve the TC degradation performance. The discharge characteristics, chemical species’ concentration, and degradation rates at different parameters were systematically studied. Under the optimized conditions(working gas was pure oxygen, liquid flow rate was 100 mL/min, gas flow rate was 1 L/min,voltage was 20 kV, single treatment), TC was removed beyond 70% in a single flow treatment with an energy efficiency of 145 mg/(kW·h). The reactor design facilitated gas and liquid flow in the plasma area to produce more ozone in bubbles after a single flow under pure oxygen conditions, affording fast TC degradation. Furthermore, long-term stationary experiment indicated that long-lived active species can sustain the degradation of TC. Compared with other plasma treatment systems, this work offers a fast and efficient degradation method, showing significant potential in practical industrial applications.

Dynamic simulation analysis of molten salt reactor-coupled air-steam combined cycle power generation system

A nonlinear dynamic simulation model based on coordinated control of speed and flow rate for the molten salt reactor and combined cycle systems is proposed here to ensure the coordination and stability between the molten salt reactor and power system.This model considers the impact of thermal properties of fluid variation on accuracy and has been validated with Simulink.This study reveals the capability of the control system to compensate for anomalous situations and maintain shaft stability in the event of perturbations occurring in high-temperature molten salt tank outlet parameters.Meanwhile,the control system’s impact on the system’s dynamic characteristics under molten salt disturbance is also analyzed.The results reveal that after the disturbance occurs,the controlled system benefits from the action of the control,and the overshoot and disturbance amplitude are positively correlated,while the system power and frequency eventually return to the initial values.This simulation model provides a basis for utilizing molten salt reactors for power generation and maintaining grid stability.