Detection of Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA with Recombinant Microneme Protein 3

[Objective] To develop a new method for serodiagnosis of swine toxoplasmosis. [Method] With the purified recombinant microneme protein 3 （rMIC3） as coating antigens, an indirect ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. [ Result] The optimal working concentration of rMIC3 was 3. 40 ug/ml, and the optimal degree of dilution of sera was 1：160. Cross-reaction was not observed between the Toxoplasma gondii-positive sera and the positive sera against classical swine fever virus or some other pathogens. The developed ELISA had 92.56% coincidence rate with latex agglutination test. [ Conclusion] The developed ELISA is sensitive, rapid, specific and reproducible, and thus it can be applied in serodiagnosis and seroprevalence investigation of swine toxoplasmosis.

Role of GM3 ganglioside in the pathology of some progressive human diseases and prognostic importance of serum anti-GM3 antibodies

Glycosphingolipids(gangliosides)have been characterized as important biological molecules with a key role as regulators in many physiological processes on cellular,tissue,organ,and organism levels.The deviations in their normal amounts,production,and metabolism are very often related to the development of many multi-factor socially important diseases.GM3 ganglioside,as a small molecule,plays important roles in the cascade regulatory pathways in the pathology of many disorders like neurodegenerative diseases,autoimmune diseases,inflammation,diabetes,malignant transformation,and others.Ganglioside GM3 and its derivatives are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids composed of an oligosaccharide head structure containing one sialic acid residue.These molecules transduce signals involved in cell surface events,including the phosphorylation of transmembrane receptors.This ganglioside is the most widely distributed among tissues,and it serves as a precursor for most of the more complex ganglioside species.GM3 inhibits the function of fibroblast growth factor receptor,and cell growth is regulated by GM3-enriched microdomain.GM3 is thought to inhibit immunologic functions,such as the proliferation and production of cytokines by T cells.On the other hand,the anti-ganglioside antibodies(AGAs)are important in many acquired demyelinating immunemediated neuropathies,like Multiple sclerosis(MS),Guillain–Barrésyndrome(GBS)and its variation,Miller–Fisher syndrome(MFS)and could be suggested as important diagnostic and prognostic markers about the describe diseases and their etiology.We show that the complexes of anti-ganglioside antibodies to GM3(detected by ELISA)may be useful diagnostic and prognostic tool markers for autoimmune diseases,neurodegenerative disorders,malignancy,diabetes,and inflammation.Our pilot studies suggest increased serum IgG anti-GM3 antibodies titers in patients with secondary progressive MS(SPMS),throat cancer,elder people with diabetes(89–96 years),old Lewis rats(30–33 months),and in the serum of subjected on lead intoxication BALB/c mice treated by salinomycin.We observed no changes in the titers in healthy elder people(89–96 years),in 70-year-old woman on dialysis,in relapsing-remitting MS(RRMS)patients on long-term treatment with Glatiramer acetate,Laquinimod,and Interferons,as well as in 18–22 months old Wistar rats and subjected on lead intoxication BALB/c mice treated by monensin and dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA).Considerable decrease of serum GM3 in early MS correlate with early damage and severe destruction of the blood–brain barrier,which provides impetus to initiate early therapy.

Effect of bovine pellucid zone 3 monoclonal antibodies on B cell lymphoma 2 expressions of granulosa cell and mice (Mus musculus) follicle diameter

Objective:To evaluate the effects of pellucid zone 3 monoclonal antibodies against B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) expression and mice follicle diameter at various time periods.Methods:The animal model of this study was 36 Balb/c mice (Mus musculus). A true experimental design was used with a post-test only control group approach. BCL-2 expression was observed using immunohistochemistry, while the follicle diameter was observed by haematoxylin-eosin staining. The data was analyzed using nested ANOVA to compare the results of the mean expression of BCL-2 on the 5th and 20th day of observation in the pre-antral and antral follicle between the control and treatment groups.Results:No significant differences were found in BCL-2 gene expression. There were also no significant differences in BCL-2 expression on the 10th day of pre-antral follicle analysis. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the mean follicle diameter on the 5th, 10th, and 20th day of pre-antral and antral follicle development between the control and treatment groups. The addition of bovine pellucid zone 3 (bZP3) monoclonal antibodies on the 5th and 20th day of observation did not decrease the expression of BCL-2 gene in the pre-antral and antral follicle of mice. Administering bZP3 monoclonal antibodies on the 10th day of observation did not affect BCL-2 expression in the pre-antral follicle but did decrease BCL-2 expression in the antral follicle. Supplying bZP3 monoclonal antibodies on the 5th, 10th and 20th day did not affect the diameter of pre-antral and antral follicles of the mice.Conclusion: The monoclonal antibodies bovine zona pelusida 3 has the potential to be developed as a safe immunocontraception preparation.

Anti-M₃Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background: Evidences have shown that anti-M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor IgG (anti-M3 mAChR IgG) are clinically useful autoantibody that exert a cholinergic pharmacologic effect binding and interacting with M3 mAChR at the level of exocrine gland (salivary and ocular). Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between serum level of anti-M3 mAChR IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoantibodies, serum prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and clinical manifestations. Methods: Serum autoantibodies against M3 mAChR synthetic peptide were measured by enzyme-linked immuno absorbent assay (ELISA) using, as an antigen, a 25-mer peptide K-R-T-V-P-D-N-Q-C-F-I-Q-F-L-S-N-P-A-V-T-F-G-T-A-I corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the second extracellular loop of the human M3 mAChR. Serum levels of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-Smith (Sm) antibodies, anti-phospholipid (APL) antibodies, and PGE2 were determined by ELISA in patients with SLE. Results: We found significantly enhanced titers of anti-M3 mAChR IgG in sera from SLE patients compared with healthy individuals (control). In addition, serum levels of PGE2 were significantly higher in SLE patients than in control patients and were significantly higher in active than in non-active SLE. No correlation was found with other autoantibodies present in SLE. By contrast, a positive correlation was found between anti-M3 mAChR IgG and PGE2 serum levels in SLE. Conclusions: As anti-M3 mAChR antibodies present in the sera of SLE patients may be another factor in the pathogenesis of this disease, and the increment of PGE2 in the sera of SLE has a modulatory action on the inflammatory process, suggesting that the presence of these autoantibodies against M3 mAChR may contribute to sustained immune deregulation and the strong inflammatory component observed in SLE.

Preparation of Polyclonal Antibodies against NS3 Protein of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Japanese encephalitis （JE） is a central nervous system disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus （JEV）, which can infect human and a variety of animals and cause irreversible nerve damages. NS3 protein plays an important role in the process of JEV polyprotein hydrolysis, which is essential for JEV replication. Therefore, NS3 protein may be used as a potential drug target to treat Japanese encephalitis. In this study, the pET-28a-NS3 plasmid was successfully constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21 （ DE3 ） under IPTG induction. The molecular weight of the expressed recombinant protein was 55 ku, which was consistent with the expected result. The positive serum was prepared by immunizing BALB/c mice with NS3 protein and identified by indirect immunofluorescence （IFA）. The results showed that there was a fluorescence reaction between the prepared positive serum of NS3 protein and cells infected with JEV.

Evaluation of Antibodies Induced by the Injection of Single Capsid Protein or Purified Virus Particle of Coxsackievirus B3 in Mice

Four capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4) of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were expressed as recombinant proteins in an Escherichia coli expression system and used as antigens for subunit vaccines against CVB3 in ICR mice. Antigens were expressed as thioredoxin-histidine (TrxHis)-tagged protein and purified before immunization. Although all VPs other than VP4 induced anti-CVB3 specific antibodies in mice (detected by ELISA and western blotting), they did not neutralize the infectious CVB3 in a virus neutralization assay. Meanwhile, 2 virus strains were purified from CVB3 virus stock on the basis of their plaque size on HeLa cells. ICR mice were infected with the 2 purified virus strains (S-strain and L-strain) and unpurified virus stock (wild type) to analyze the difference in antibody responses against infections of purified and unpurified virus strains. The reactivity of antisera against each virus strain was tested by ELISA, and the results showed that the inoculation of purified virus strain induced a strong antibody response against the inoculated strain. As a result, the antibody response against wild-type and other virus strains was suppressed. These results suggest using unpurified virus stock as an antigen is advantageous for inducing a broad antibody response in inoculated animals.

Role of M₃Muscarinic Acethylcholine Receptor Antibodies as a New Marker in Primary Sjögren Syndrome

Aims: This paper investigates the presence of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor autoantibody present in the serum of patients with primary Sj?gren syndrome (pSS). Main methods: We detected the levels of M3mAChR peptide IgG, PGE2, IL-1β in serum of SS patients using the enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). To measure the quantity of nitrite/nitrate, we used Griess reagent system. Key findings: Titres of M3mAChR antibody in sera from SS patients are significantly enhanced compared to healthy subjects (control). The enhancement of these autoantibodies is accompanied by the increase of the levels of PGE2, IL-1β and nitrite/nitrate in serum. Under in vitro conditions, the synthetic human M3 peptide impaires the increment of M3mAChR antibody but not that of nati-Ro/SSA antibody. In positive anti-Ro/SSA antibody patients, the increment of M3mAChR peptide IgG and the measured pro-inflammatory substances is related. Significance: On this basis, anti M3mAChR peptide IgG can be said to act as a modulator of the immune system and to play a role in the host-chronic increment of proinflammatory substances in SS patients with positive Ro/SSA antibody. This association between the antibody and the pathogenesis of SS disease may result in useful predicting SS.

Cross-neutralizing Anti-hemagglutinin Antibodies Isolated from Patients Infected with Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus

Objective To recover broad-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies(Bn Abs)from avian influenza A(H5N1)virus infection cases and investigate their genetic and functional features.Methods We screened the Abs repertoires of expanded B cells circulating in the peripheral blood of H5N1 patients.The genetic basis,biological functions,and epitopes of the obtained Bn Abs were assessed and modeled.Results Two Bn Abs,2-12 D5,and 3-37 G7.1,were respectively obtained from two human H5N1 cases on days 12 and 21 after disease onset.Both Abs demonstrated cross-neutralizing and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)activity.Albeit derived from distinct Ab lineages,i.e.,V^H1-69-D2-15-JH^4(2-12D5)and V^H1-2-D3-9-JH^5(3-32 G7.1),the Bn Abs were directed toward CR6261-like epitopes in the HA stem,and HA2 I45 in the hydrophobic pocket was the critical residue for their binding.Signature motifs for binding with the HA stem,namely,IFY in VH1-69-encoded Abs and LXYFXW in D3-9-encoded Abs,were also observed in 2-12D5 and 3-32 G7.1,respectively.Conclusions Cross-reactive B cells of different germline origins could be activated and re-circulated by avian influenza virus.The HA stem epitopes targeted by the Bn Abs,and the two Ab-encoding genes usage implied the VH1-69 and D3-9 are the ideal candidates triggered by influenza virus for vaccine development.

HER3-targeted therapeutic antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates in non-small cell lung cancer refractory to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3(HER3)is a unique member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor(HER/EGFR)family,since it has negligible kinase activity.Therefore,HER3 must interact with a kinase-proficient receptor to form a heterodimer,leading to the activation of signaling cascades.Overexpression of HER3 is observed in various human cancers,including non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and correlates with poor clinical outcomes in patients.Studies on the underlying mechanism demonstrate that HER3-initiated signaling promotes tumor metastasis and causes treatment failure in human cancers.Upregulation of HER3 is frequently observed in EGFR-mutant NSCLC treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs).Increased expression of HER3 triggers the so-called EGFR-independent mechanism via interactions with other receptors to activate“by-pass signaling pathways”,thereby resulting in resistance to EGFR-TKIs.To date,no HER3-targeted therapy has been approved for cancer treatment.In both preclinical and clinical studies,targeting HER3 with a blocking an-tibody(Ab)is the only strategy being examined.Recent evaluations of an anti-HER3 Ab-drug conjugate(ADC)show promising results in patients with EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC.Herein,we summarize our understanding of the unique biology of HER3 in NSCLC refractory to EGFR-TKIs,with a focus on its dimerization partners and subsequent activation of signaling pathways.We also discuss the latest development of the therapeutic Abs and ADCs targeting HER3 to abrogate EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC.

Anti-human platelet tetraspanin (CD9) monoclonal antibodies induce platelet integrin αⅡbβ3 activation in a Fc receptor-independent fashion

characterize the activation of platelet integrin αⅡbβ3 induced by two anti human platelet tetraspanin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), HI117 and SJ9A4, and investigate their potential mechanism of action Methods Using 125 I labeled human fibrinogen (Fg), specific Fg binding to human platelets induced by HI117 and SJ9A4 was measured Results HI117 and SJ9A4 (10?μg/ml and 20?μg/ml) induced specific Fg binding to human platelets, suggesting that the two mAbs evoked activation of platelet integrin αⅡbβ3 Further study indicated that HI117 and SJ9A4 induced integrin αⅡbβ3 activation independent of platelet Fc receptors, and that HI117 and SJ9A4 induced integrin αⅡbβ3 activation was inhibited by pretreatment of platelets with sphingosine, aspirin, apyrase, and/or PGI 2 Conclusions Anti platelet tetraspanin (CD9) mAbs, HI117 and SJ9A4, can induce platelet integrin αⅡbβ3 activation independent of Fc receptors Three signaling pathways, namely thromboxane, secreted ADP, and cAMP pathways, may be involved in the process, with protein kinase C activation presumably being the common step of the three pathways

抗桥粒芯蛋白1、3抗体及大疱性类天疱疮180、230抗体联合检测诊断大疱性皮肤病的应用价值

目的 探讨抗桥粒芯蛋白1、3(Dsg1、3)抗体及大疱性类天疱疮180、230(BP180、230)抗体联合检测在大疱性皮肤病临床诊断中的应用价值。方法 自2020年3月至2023年1月,纳入郑州大学第一附属医院收治的经组织病理结果、直接免疫荧光检测确诊的大疱性皮肤病患者88例为观察组,选取本院同期健康体检者76名为对照组。分析两组Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体的阳性检出情况;分析观察组血清Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体标本诊断类型占比及观察组不同年龄组大疱性皮肤病疾病类型阳性率占比;绘制ROC曲线分析Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体单一及联合检测对大疱性皮肤病的诊断价值。结果 两组血清Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体阳性率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。据Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体检测结果,诊断类型:BP、PV、PF、PF+BP、PV+BP阳性率分别为32.95%、20.45%、11.36%、7.95%、3.41%。其中BP阳性率占比最高,PV+BP阳性率占比最低,两者比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。>60岁组BP阳性率高于≤60岁组,PV及PF阳性率低于≤60岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体联合检测对大疱性皮肤病灵敏度、特异度分别为91.02%、88.66%,AUC(95%CI)为0.821(0.745~0.911),均高于上述抗体单一检测(P<0.05)。结论 Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体在大疱性皮肤病诊断中具有重要参考价值,且联合检测可提高诊断的准确性;大疱性皮肤病患者年龄和抗体类型之间也存在一定的关联,联合检测Dsg1、Dsg3、BP180、BP230抗体有助于大疱性皮肤病进行更精细的诊断和治疗。

Human bocavirus 1 and 2 genotype-specific antibodies for rapid antigen testing in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections

Background Previous serological studies of human bocavirus(HBoV)1 could not exclude cross-reactivity with the other three HBoVs,particularly HBoV2.Methods To search for genotype-specific antibodies against HBoV1 and HBoV2,the divergent regions(DRs)located on the major capsid protein VP3 were defined through viral amino acid alignment and structure prediction.DR-deduced peptides were used as antigens to harvest corresponding anti-DR rabbit sera.To determine their genotype specificities for HBoV1 and HBoV2,these sera samples were used as antibodies against the antigens VP3 of HBoV1 and HBoV2(expressed in Escherichia coli)in western blotting(WB),enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and bio-layer interferometry(BLI)assays.Subsequently,the antibodies were evaluated with clinical specimens from pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection by indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA).Results There were four DRs(DR1–4)located on VP3 with different secondary and tertiary structures between HBoV1 and HBoV2.Regarding the reactivity with VP3 of HBoV1 or HBoV2 in WB and ELISA,high intra-genotype cross-reactivity of anti-HBoV1 or HBoV2 DR1,DR3,and DR4,but not anti-DR2,was observed.Genotype-specific binding capacity of anti-DR2 sera was confirmed by BLI and IFA,in which only anti-HBoV1 DR2 antibody reacted with HBoV1-positive respiratory specimens.Conclusion Antibodies against DR2,located on VP3 of HBoV1 or HBoV2,were genotype specific for HBoV1 and HBoV2,respectively.

猪圆环病毒3型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及阻断ELISA检测方法的建立

旨在建立检测猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)抗体的阻断ELISA方法,本研究利用原核表达的PCV3Cap重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备获得了一株分泌阻断效果良好抗体的杂交瘤细胞株2E6。以重组Cap蛋白作为包被抗原,以辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的2E6单克隆抗体作为检测抗体,经条件优化后建立了一种检测PCV3抗体的阻断ELISA方法。用建立的阻断ELISA方法检测50份临床阴性血清,计算阻断率(PI)的临界值,以此来确定该方法的判定标准:当PI≤28.30%时,判定结果为阴性;当PI≥35.05%时,判定结果为阳性;当28.30%<PI<35.05%时,判定为可疑,重复一次试验后如果结果仍为可疑,则判定为阳性。特异性试验表明该方法与猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)以及猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的阳性血清均无交叉反应;敏感性试验表明其检测效价可达到1:128;重复性试验表明批内与批间的变异系数均小于10%;符合性检验表明该方法与PCV检测金标准免疫过氧化物酶单层试验(IPMA)比对的Kappa值达0.9,具有高度的一致性。综上所述,本研究建立的阻断ELISA方法具有良好的特异性与较高的符合率,可用于后期进行PCV3抗体的检测,为PCV3的流行病学调查与临床诊断提供技术支持。

Anti-PD1 antibody and not anti-LAG-3 antibody improves the antitumor effect of photodynamic therapy for treating metastatic breast cancer

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has limited effects in treating metastatic breast cancer.Immune checkpoints can deplete the function of immune cells;however,the expression of immune checkpoints after PDT is unclear.This study investigates whether the limited e±cacy of PDT is due to upregulated immune checkpoints and tries to combine the PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor to observe the e±cacy.A metastatic breast cancer model was treated by PDT mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives(HpD-PDT).The anti-tumor effect of HpD-PDT was observed,as well as CD4þT,CD8þT and calreticulin(CRT)by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Immune checkpoints on T cells were analyzed byflow cytometry after HpD-PDT.When combining PDT with immune checkpoint inhibitors,the antitumor effect and immune effect were assessed.For HpD-PDT at 100 mW/cm2 and 40,60 and 80 J/cm2,primary tumors were suppressed and CD4þT,CD8þT and CRT were elevated;however,distant tumors couldn't be inhibited and survival could not be prolonged.Immune checkpoints on T cells,especially PD1 and LAG-3 after HpD-PDT,were upregulated,which may explain the reason for the limited HpD-PDT effect.After PDT combined with anti-PD1 antibody,but not with anti-LAG-3 antibody,both the primary and distant tumors were signi-cantly inhibited and the survival time was prolonged,additionally,CD4þT,CD8þT,IFN-þCD4þT and TNF-þCD4þT cells were signi-cantly increased compared with HpD-PDT.HpD-PDT could not combat metastatic breast cancer.PD1 and LAG-3 were upregulated after HpD-PDT.Anti-PD1 antibody,but not anti-LAG-3 antibody,could augment the antitumor effect of HpD-PDT for treating metastatic breast cancer.

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与基质金属蛋白酶-3联合检测在类风湿关节炎患者中的诊断价值及与疾病活动度的相关性

目的研究抗环瓜氨酸肽(anti-CCP)抗体与基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)联合检测在类风湿关节炎(RA)患者中的诊断价值及与疾病活动度的相关性。方法回顾性选取2021年1月至2023年1月入淮南新华医疗集团新华医院的92例RA患者作为RA组。同时,选取同一时期入院的92例非RA自身免疫病患者与92名体检健康者分别作为非RA组、对照组。参考28个关节疾病活动度评分(DAS28)将RA组划分为4个亚组:高活动组(DAS28>5.1分,n=23)、中活动组(3.2<DAS28<5.1分,n=23)、低活动组(2.6<DAS28<3.2分,n=23)和稳定组(DAS28<2.6分,n=23)。比较RA组、非RA组、对照组研究对象的血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平和不同关节疾病活动度RA患者的血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平,通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析anti-CCP抗体联合MMP-3检测在RA中的诊断价值,并通过Spearman相关分析法分析血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平与RA患者疾病活动度的相关性。结果RA组、非RA组的血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平均明显高于对照组,RA组的血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平均明显高于非RA组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高活动组患者的血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平明显高于稳定组、低活动度组、中活动度组,中活动度组患者的血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平均高于稳定组、低活动度组,低活动度组患者的血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平均高于稳定组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,单一anti-CCP抗体诊断RA的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度依次为0.780、0.499、0.945,单一MMP-3诊断RA的AUC、敏感度、特异度依次为0.769、0.749、0.949,anti-CCP抗体联合MMP-3诊断RA的AUC、敏感度、特异度依次为0.890、0.882、0.962。Spearman相关分析显示,血清anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3水平与RA患者疾病活动度呈正相关(r=0.836、0.688,P<0.05)。结论anti-CCP抗体与MMP-3联合检测在RA诊断中效果显著,可提升RA诊断精准性,且RA患者疾病活动度与anti-CCP抗体、MMP-3呈正相关性,可为临床药物使用提供参考。

免疫检查点LAG-3及其靶向药物研究现状和临床应用进展

淋巴细胞激活基因3(lymphocyte-activation gene 3,LAG-3)是一种抑制性免疫检查点受体,能负向调控T细胞的功能,避免免疫系统过度激活损伤机体。当肿瘤和慢性感染存在时,持续的抗原刺激诱导效应T细胞的LAG-3表达上调进而导致T细胞功能耗竭和肿瘤免疫逃逸。靶向LAG-3药物通过特异性阻断LAG-3的信号通路,能重新激活T细胞的抗肿瘤功能,在多种实体瘤、血液系统肿瘤及自身免疫性疾病中均有很好的疗效。本文总结了当前关于LAG-3的结构,配体和调控功能机制的研究进展,对当前的靶向LAG-3药物临床试验现状进行综述,讨论了LAG-3靶向药物的临床应用策略和发展方向,以期为进一步深入研究LAG-3提供参考。

血清SOCS-1、SOCS-3及抗BP-180抗体水平与大疱性类天疱疮病情的相关分析

目的探讨血清细胞因子信号转导抑制蛋白-1(SOCS-1)、SOCS-3及抗大疱性类天疱疮(BP)-180抗体水平与BP病情的相关分析。方法选取2018年5月—2022年5月本院诊治的82例BP患者作为研究对象,并将其设立为观察组,同期选取41例健康体检者作为对照组,并根据病情程度将82例BP患者分为轻度组(活动性皮损面积≤10%,n=28)、中度组(活动性皮损面积10%~30%,n=27)和重度组(活动性皮损面积>30%,n=27),展开回顾性研究,对比血清SOCS-1、SOCS-3、抗BP-180抗体水平及自身免疫性大疱性皮肤病严重程度评分(ABSIS);采用Pearson法分析SOCS-1、SOCS-3、抗BP-180抗体与ABSIS评分的相关性;并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估SOCS-1、SOCS-3、抗BP-180抗体诊断BP的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度和特异度。结果观察组的男性、女性均可发病,性别分布上差异无统计学意义,其中40~69岁为高发的年龄段。观察组的SOCS-1、SOCS-3、抗BP-180抗体及ABSIS均高于对照组(P<0.05)。重度组的SOCS-1、SOCS-3、抗BP-180抗体及ABSIS均高于轻度组和中度组(P<0.05);中度组的SOCS-1、SOCS-3、抗BP-180抗体及ABSIS均高于轻度组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,SOCS-1、SOCS-3、抗BP-180抗体与ABSIS呈正相关(r分别为0.441、0.580、0.723,P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,SOCS-1、SOCS-3和抗BP-180抗体诊断BP的AUC值分别为0.696、0.765和0.965(P<0.05);敏感度分别为53.70%、41.50%和95.10%,特异度分别为87.80%、100.00%和85.40%。结论血清SOCS-1、SOCS-3及抗BP-180抗体水平与BP病情严重程度呈正相关,即其水平会随着病情程度变化而发生改变,临床可通过监测SOCS-1、SOCS-3及抗BP-180抗体水平变化为诊断BP及评估病情严重程度提供参考。

基于肠道炎症反应研究降糖3号方抗糖尿病的作用机制

目的:观察降糖3号方对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道炎症相关指标的影响,揭示其抗糖尿病的作用机制。方法:选取4周龄C57BL/6N雄性小鼠,高脂饲料联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射构建2型糖尿病小鼠模型,采用随机数字表法将成模小鼠分成模型组、二甲双胍组、降糖3号方组,每组8只。选取8只标准饲料喂养的小鼠作为正常组。药物干预8周结束后,应用细胞因子抗体芯片技术检测小鼠结肠组织中多种炎症介质水平,并进行差异表达蛋白筛选、基因本体(GO)蛋白功能、京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路分析。蛋白质印迹法检测各组小鼠结肠组织中核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体激活与肠道黏膜屏障相关的因子G蛋白偶联受体43(GPR43)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、胱天蛋白酶(Caspase-1)以及闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)的蛋白表达水平。结果:各组间肠道炎症介质差异明显,与模型组比较,降糖3号方组IL-1β、IL-6等炎症介质表达下降,降糖3号方可上调结肠组织中ZO-1、Occludin、GPR43蛋白表达水平,降低ASC、Caspase-1蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病小鼠结肠炎症反应明显,降糖3号方能够有效抑制2型糖尿病小鼠肠道炎症,其作用可能与调控NLRP3炎症小体,进而影响下游炎症介质有关。

猪干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白3的克隆表达及多克隆抗体制备

为原核表达猪干扰素诱导跨膜蛋白3(swine interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3,SwIFITM3)并制备其多克隆抗体(polyclonal antibody,pAb),从干扰素刺激的猪外周血淋巴细胞中克隆到SwIFITM3编码基因,然后采用大肠埃希氏菌表达系统表达并纯化目的蛋白免疫小鼠制备其pAb;并以制备的pAb为一抗用Western blot检测了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)感染猪肺泡巨噬细胞(porcine alveolar macrophages,PAMs)中SwIFITM3表达情况。结果显示,获得了438 bp的SwIFITM3基因,将获得的目的基因插入pColdⅠ载体构建重组质粒转入E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,用0.2 mmol/L IPTG在16℃诱导24 h后获得了大小约19 ku可溶性表达的目的蛋白,以Anti-His单克隆抗体为一抗进行Western blot检测,获得了与预期大小一致的印迹条带;用纯化的目的蛋白腹腔注射免疫小鼠3次,采用间接ELISA方法检测,小鼠血清中SwIFITM3抗体效价最高达1∶1024000;以制备的pAb为一抗的Western blot检测显示PRRSV感染导致PAMs中SwIFITM3蛋白表达显著降低。试验结果为猪IFITM3的生物学功能及相关研究积累了材料。

炙马钱子对重症肌无力小鼠血清MMP-3及抗MuSK抗体影响

目的探讨炙马钱子通过调节基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP-3)致使重症肌无力发病机制。方法45只8周雄性C57BL/6J小鼠,麻醉后,随机抽取37只模型组小鼠,共用40μg的肌肉特异性酪氨酸激酶(MuSK)乳化在100μL磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)和100μL完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)腹腔、后脚注射,剩余8只正常组注射100μL PBS和100μL CFA佐剂,并24 h内注射环磷酰胺(300 mg/kg,溶解在0.9%的生理盐水中配置成10 mg/mL的终浓度)抑制免疫抵抗。30 d补充注射1次,通过小鼠体征及行为学等观察确定造模周期。在造模成功当天,将小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、炙马钱子组、AG490组,每组8只,炙马钱子组予炙马钱子250 mg/(kg·d)连续灌胃30 d;AG490组予炙马钱子250 mg/(kg·d)连续灌胃30 d,AG4905 mg/(kg·d)连续腹腔注射30 d;正常组和模型组灌胃等量0.9%的生理盐水。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清MuSK滴度,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测各组神经肌肉接头处中MMP-3的蛋白表达水平。结果MuSK滴度水平:正常组MuSK滴度水平最低(3.23±1.89);与模型组比较,炙马钱子组、AG490组血清MuSK滴度显著降低[(242.12±24.69)、(133.68±27.27)比(856.93±32.44),P<0.05],且随着给药时间的延长,炙马钱子组、AG490组MuSK滴度水平逐渐下降。MMP-3的蛋白表达水平:正常组MMP-3的蛋白表达水平最低(1.00±0.07);与模型组比较,炙马钱子组、AG490组MMP-3的蛋白表达水平逐渐下降[(1.60±0.10)、(1.27±0.13)比(2.30±0.11),P<0.05]。结论炙马钱子可能通过使MMP-3合成减少,降低MuSK抗体,达到治疗重症肌无力的作用。