Insulin resistance is a condition in which the target tissues have a decreased response to insulin signaling,resulting in glucose uptake defect,and an increased blood sugar level.Pancreatic beta cells thus enhance ins...Insulin resistance is a condition in which the target tissues have a decreased response to insulin signaling,resulting in glucose uptake defect,and an increased blood sugar level.Pancreatic beta cells thus enhance insulin production to compensate.This situation may cause further beta cell dysfunction and failure,which can lead diabetes mellitus(DM).Insulin resistance is thus an important cause of the development of type 2 DM.Insulin resistance has also been found to have a strong relationship with cardiovascular disease and is common in chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients.The mechanisms of insulin resistance in CKD are complex and multifactorial.They include physical inactivity,inflammation and oxidative stress,metabolic acidosis,vitamin D deficiency,adipose tissue dysfun-ction,uremic toxins,and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation.Currently,available anti-diabetic agents,such as biguanides,sulfonylureas,thiazolidinediones,alfa-glucosidase inhibitors,glucagon-like peptide-1-based agents,and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,have different effects on insulin resistance.In this short review,we describe the potential mechanisms of insulin resistance in CKD patients.We also review the interaction of currently available anti-diabetic medications with insulin resistance.展开更多
Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection is one of the most common viral infections in the respiratory airways and is more common in infants, younger children and some adults. Although ribavirin has been used in the mana...Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection is one of the most common viral infections in the respiratory airways and is more common in infants, younger children and some adults. Although ribavirin has been used in the management of RSV infection, many effective drugs are still under development. Also, structured based drug design using computational tools has shifted the paradigm of drug design and discovery. The fusion core of the Respiratory Syncytial Viral (RSV) structure is crucial for its fusion, entry and replication in the host cell. Herein, we investigated the interruption of the formation and/or the stability of the fusion core. 15 ligands were screened and 4 (Glimepiride, Glipizide, Canagloflozin, Glibenclamide) of them are potential drug candidate for experimental validation, preclinical trials, clinical trials and route of administration optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time of reporting lead molecules against RSV from oral hypoglycemic agents. It also suggests the ligands for consideration as prophylactics in infants and adults via the inhalation route.展开更多
The incidence of diabetes is gradually increasing in China,and diabetes and associated complications,such as cognitive dysfunction have gained much attention in recent time.However,the concepts,clinical treatment,and ...The incidence of diabetes is gradually increasing in China,and diabetes and associated complications,such as cognitive dysfunction have gained much attention in recent time.However,the concepts,clinical treatment,and prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes remain unclear.The Chinese Society of Endocrinology investigated the current national and overseas situation of cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes.Based on research both in China and other countries worldwide,the Expert Consensus on Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes was established to guide physicians in the comprehensive standardized management of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes and to improve clinical outcomes in Chinese patients.This consensus presents an overview,definition and classification,epidemiology and pathogenesis,risk factors,screening,diagnosis,differential diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for admission to intensive care unit and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).On the other hand,medications used in the management of COVID-19 ar...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for admission to intensive care unit and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).On the other hand,medications used in the management of COVID-19 are potentially associated with increases in blood glucose levels and a higher incidence of infections.Accordingly,care of patients with DM and acute COVID-19 requires careful consideration of both diseases.Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are associated with adverse outcomes and therefore frequent measurement of blood glucose levels and a basal-bolus insulin regimen are required in most patients.Regarding the management of COVID-19,dexamethasone increases blood glucose levels and might also increase the risk for infections.On the other hand,limited data suggest that antiviral and immunomodulatory agents used in COVID-19 are not strongly associated with higher incidence of infections in this population.As knowledge evolves in this field,optimization of the management of both DM and COVID-19 will hopefully improve the outcome of these patients。展开更多
文摘Insulin resistance is a condition in which the target tissues have a decreased response to insulin signaling,resulting in glucose uptake defect,and an increased blood sugar level.Pancreatic beta cells thus enhance insulin production to compensate.This situation may cause further beta cell dysfunction and failure,which can lead diabetes mellitus(DM).Insulin resistance is thus an important cause of the development of type 2 DM.Insulin resistance has also been found to have a strong relationship with cardiovascular disease and is common in chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients.The mechanisms of insulin resistance in CKD are complex and multifactorial.They include physical inactivity,inflammation and oxidative stress,metabolic acidosis,vitamin D deficiency,adipose tissue dysfun-ction,uremic toxins,and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation.Currently,available anti-diabetic agents,such as biguanides,sulfonylureas,thiazolidinediones,alfa-glucosidase inhibitors,glucagon-like peptide-1-based agents,and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,have different effects on insulin resistance.In this short review,we describe the potential mechanisms of insulin resistance in CKD patients.We also review the interaction of currently available anti-diabetic medications with insulin resistance.
文摘Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection is one of the most common viral infections in the respiratory airways and is more common in infants, younger children and some adults. Although ribavirin has been used in the management of RSV infection, many effective drugs are still under development. Also, structured based drug design using computational tools has shifted the paradigm of drug design and discovery. The fusion core of the Respiratory Syncytial Viral (RSV) structure is crucial for its fusion, entry and replication in the host cell. Herein, we investigated the interruption of the formation and/or the stability of the fusion core. 15 ligands were screened and 4 (Glimepiride, Glipizide, Canagloflozin, Glibenclamide) of them are potential drug candidate for experimental validation, preclinical trials, clinical trials and route of administration optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time of reporting lead molecules against RSV from oral hypoglycemic agents. It also suggests the ligands for consideration as prophylactics in infants and adults via the inhalation route.
文摘The incidence of diabetes is gradually increasing in China,and diabetes and associated complications,such as cognitive dysfunction have gained much attention in recent time.However,the concepts,clinical treatment,and prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes remain unclear.The Chinese Society of Endocrinology investigated the current national and overseas situation of cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes.Based on research both in China and other countries worldwide,the Expert Consensus on Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes was established to guide physicians in the comprehensive standardized management of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes and to improve clinical outcomes in Chinese patients.This consensus presents an overview,definition and classification,epidemiology and pathogenesis,risk factors,screening,diagnosis,differential diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for admission to intensive care unit and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).On the other hand,medications used in the management of COVID-19 are potentially associated with increases in blood glucose levels and a higher incidence of infections.Accordingly,care of patients with DM and acute COVID-19 requires careful consideration of both diseases.Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are associated with adverse outcomes and therefore frequent measurement of blood glucose levels and a basal-bolus insulin regimen are required in most patients.Regarding the management of COVID-19,dexamethasone increases blood glucose levels and might also increase the risk for infections.On the other hand,limited data suggest that antiviral and immunomodulatory agents used in COVID-19 are not strongly associated with higher incidence of infections in this population.As knowledge evolves in this field,optimization of the management of both DM and COVID-19 will hopefully improve the outcome of these patients。
