Serum IgG response to differentiated antigens of Helicobacter pylori

AIM To detect antibodies against Helicobacter pylori spiral and coccoid antigens in human sera. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 278 patients with gastric diseases. A 3 day old culture of H. pylori on chocolate blood agar was used to provide spiral form. ‘Synchronous’ coccoids were cultured in (BHY) (brain heart infusion supplemented with 10% horse serum and 0 4% yeast extract) medium in a chemostat. Antigens from spiral and coccoid form were prepared using acid glycine extraction. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect serum IgG antibodies against spiral and coccoid forms of H. pylori . RESULTS Seroprevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in patients with gastric ulcer (79%) and gastric cancer (83%) than those with non ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) (44%) and other diseases (45%) ( P <0 05). IgG antibodies against spiral and coccoid antigens were detected in 50 7% (141/278) and 49 6% (138/278) , respectively. CONCLUSION The spiral and coccoid forms of H. pylori coexist in patients infected with the bacterium.

Relationship between expression of apoptosis-related antigens in hepatocelular carcinoma and in situ end labeling

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EXPRESSION OF PRE-S_1 AND PRE-S_2 ANTIGENS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN HUMAN PRIMARY HEPATIC CARCINOMA

The specimens of 135 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma were obtained from the Pathological Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, PRC. Ten percent formalin-fixed and paraffin- embedded sections were stained by HE and by ABC and PAP immunohistochemical methods. Positive rates of pre- S1 and pre- S2 antigens in cancerous tissue were 22. 2% and 20. 0%, respectively, while those in surrounding hepatic tissue were 60.6% and 59.6%, separately. The pre- S1 and pre- S2 antigens were found to coexist In 16. 3% of cancerous tissue and in 55. 6% of surrounding hepatic tissue. In all the 135 cases of hepatic carcinoma, the cancerous tissue showed positive HBsAg in 16. 3%, HBxAg in 55. 6% and HBcAg in 8. 9%; in the surrounding hepatic tissue, positive HBsAg was 59.6%, HBxAg 78.8% and HBcAg 24.2%. The results of this study suggestes that positive rates of pre- S1 and pre-S2 antigens in cancerous tissue were slightly higher than that of HBsAg, but markedly lower than that of HBxAg. The positive rate of pre-S1 and pre- S2 antigens in surrounding hepatic tissue was nearly the same as HBsAg, but slightly lower than that of HBxAg. Antigens of pre-S1 and pre-S2 are the new markers of HBV infection. The same as other antigens, they may play an important role in the development of hepatic carcinoma. The mechanism of their effect will be further investigated,

HLA antigens in individuals with down syndrome and alopecia areata

AIM: To describe human leukocyte antigen(HLA) alleles in individuals with Down syndrome and alopecia areata. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, which evaluated 109 individuals. Ten with down syndrome(DS) and alopecia areata(AA), ten with DS without AA and ten with AA without DS, and their fami-lies. The individuals were matched by gender and age. The following data were computed: gender, age, ethnic group, karyotype, clinical presentation and family history of alopecia areata. Descriptive analysis: measures of central tendency and frequency distribution. Inferential analysis: Fisher's exact test to compare categorical data between the three groups and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test for numerical data.RESULTS: Seventy per cent of evaluated individuals in the DS and AA group were male; presented mean age of 18.6(SD ± 7.2) years and 70% were Caucasian. We observed involvement of the scalp, with a single lesion in 10% and multiple in 90% of subjects. It was observed that there is no significant difference in the frequency distributions of the alleles HLA loci A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 of subjects studied. However, according to Fisher's exact test, there is a trend(P = 0.089) of DS group to present higher proportions of HLA-A 36 and HLA-B 15 than the AA group and AA and DS group.CONCLUSION: There was a tendency for the DS group, to present proportion of HLA-A 36 and HLA-B 15 higher than the AA group and group of individuals with AA and DS. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of the alleles.

Analysis of sperm membrane antigens relevant to antisperm antibody using Western blot

To identify the sperm membrane antigens associated with antisperm antibody. Methods: The antisperm antibody in serum was tested by ELISA. Antisperm antibody positive sera from 18 infertile men and 15 infertile women were used. The molecular weight (MW) of sperm membrane antigens associated with the antisperm antibody was analyzed with antisperm antibody positive serum using Western blot. Results: Eight kinds of MW of sperm membrane antigens were identified. The ratio of identification on the 78 KD(60.7 %), 60KD (71.4 %), 51 KD (14.9 %) and 23 KD (14.29 %) sperm antigen was higher than others. Conclusion: Sperm membrane antigens with MW of 78 KD, 60 KD, 51 KD and 23 KD were associated with antisperm antibody and immunological infertility. (Chin J Andro12002; 16: 345)

Suppressive effects of antigens on the activity of specific activated lymphocytes : A test to define the specificity of activated lymphocytes

Objective：With the regular mixed lymphocytes culture （MLC） to detect the allograft rejection, the reactivity of the activated lymphocytes （primed lymphocytes） of a recipient shows sometimes increase and sometimes decrease against the antigens from the donor, which is inconsistent with the clinical results. In order to establish a convenient method for testing the specificity of the activated lymphocytes in vitro, so as to know the rejection occurred or not by testing the existence of the specific activated lymphocytes against donor＇s HLA antigens in the recipient＇s peripheral blood. Methods： Anti-IL-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody （anti-IL-2 N-mAb） and immunosuppressors were introduced in this test system in the presence of specific stimulators and activated lymphocytes. Results ： When the activated lymphocytes were chosen from the one-way MLC 4 d to undergo re-stimulation by specific stimulators, the activity of activated lymphocytes in the treatment group was suppressed significantly compared with that in the control group. The result of this test method is consistent with the biopsy in the clinical diagnosis of rejection. Conclusion：h suggests that the activated lymphocytes can be inactivated by specific antigens in certain conditions. This can be a useful tool to define the specificity of the activated lymphocytes.

Immunological Evaluation of a Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen Rv0674

Objective This study aimed to characterize the diagnostic and vaccine potential of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosisantigen Rv0674. Methods To evaluate thediagnostic potential and antigenicity of Rv0674, IgG was evaluated using ELISA and interferon (IFN)-γ was done by using ELISpot assay among TB patients and healthy donors. For immunogenicity evaluation, BALB/c mice were immunized with Rv0674. Cytokine production was determined by cytokine release assay using an ELISA kit, and the antibodies were tested using ELISA. Results The results of serum Elisa tests showed that Rv0674 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was higher in TB patients than negative controls. And Rv0674 had good performance in serological test with sensitivity and specificity of 77.1% and 81.1%, respectively. While it shows poor sensitivity and specificity of 26.23% and 79.69% for IFN-γ tests. In BALB/c mice, Rv0674 adjuvant by DDA/PolyI:C could also induce a high level of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 as well as a high IgG titer in both high-and low-dose groups indicating that Rv0674 is essential in humoral and cellular immunity. Moreover, the cytokine profile and IgG isotypecharacterized Rv0674 as a Th1/Th2-mixed-type protective immunity with the predominance of Th1 cytokines. Conclusion Rv0674 may be a good potential candidate for the development of TB serological diagnosis and a new TB vaccine.

Simulation of perforated rectangular cantilever immunosensor for estimation of bacterial pathogens

Micro fabricated and multilayered perforated cantilever beam immunosensor was modeled using CoventorWare for the estimation of bacterial antigens of Bacillus Anthrax, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coryne Bacterium Diptheria and Treponema pallidum. A rectangular cantilever beam with perforations was simulated with dimensions as length-200 μm, width-10 μm and thickness-0.5 μm. Each perforation is rectangular with length-10 μm, width-5 μm and thickness-0.5 μm. The theoretical and FEM simulations were carried out with five immunoglobulin antibodies, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM for the estimation of bacterial antigens. The effect of perforation in cantilever beam and molecular size of antibody and antigen on the performance of the sensor has been studied. The cantilever beam without perforation showed a deflection of 1.8 e + 02 μm whereas the cantilever beam with perforation showed an increase deflection of 1.9 e + 02 μm. With IgG, the difference between analytical and simulation values is positive and low especially with low molecular weight antigens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Treponema pallidum. The low molecular weight IgG influences the antigen-antibody interaction more fvourably. The simulated perforated rectangular cantilever beam with IgG antibody is a more promising model for the fabrication of a sensor for the estimation of highly motile Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Treponema pallidum.

Immunological Intolerance and Tolerance by Antigenic Co-Stimulation

The plasticity and dynamism in the immune responses to both self and environmental stimulation promote the maintenance and adaptation of a system that tends to harmoniously survive and evolve. Fluctuating antigenic forces coexist within the immune system and oscillate between order and chaos to the equilibrium. Thus, when mounting a response to internal or environmental antigens, the main host responses can be divided into two immunological categories. The first, a well-adapted mechanism of complex multi-cellular organisms classically known as tolerance, promotes persistent immunological responses. In the second, opposite way, the modulation of inflammatory immune responses occurs, which we call “intolerance”. Tolerance and intolerance can be mediated by humoral molecules, such as inflammatory compounds, complement, and antibodies, and by different cell types, such as sentinel cells, antigen-presenting cells, and cells that orchestrate the immune response. Tolerogenesis is important in vertebrates because it predisposes species to adapt to self and environmental negative-selective forces. This process depends, in large part, on antigenic co-stimulation (AgCS), which operates as a multi-integrated network formed by all immune and non-immune cells of the body that establishes tolerant immunoregulatory interactions from cells to cells and from cells to the environment. Antigenic distribution, quantity, nature, route of administration, and antigenic convergence on co-stimulatory pathways, and concurrent infections, and the presence of microorganisms (commensals and pathogens) in more than one site are important factors for activating AgCS. To conclude, the AgCS route is a natural immune response generated by heterogeneous APC profile with centralized regulation that promote the counterbalance between intolerant e tolerant status, which can have several applications in the medical and biological fields.

Effect of intrathymic injection of allogene antigen on immune response to sciatic nerve transplantation in allogenic mice

BACKGROUND： The latest researches demonstrate that intrathymic injection of MHC antigen which reaches a certain dosage （2 mg, i.e., 4 × 108 cell extraction） can induce immunologic tolerance under non-antilymphocyte serum condition. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of intrathymic injection of allogene antigen on survival and function of sciatic nerve in allogenic mice. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING： The 4th Affiliated Hosptial of Harbin Medical University. MATERIALS： A total of 32 male donor C57BL/6（H-2b） mice of 4-8 weeks old and weighing 18-22 g and 44 female receptor Balb/c（H-2d） mice of 4-8 weeks old and weighing 18-22 g were selected from Heilongjing Veterinary Institution. The animal experiment had got confirmed consent from local ethic committee. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory （Provincial Key Laboratory） of the Fourth Hospital, Harbin Medical University from June 2006 to May 2007. C57BL/6（H-2b） mice were anesthetized to extract MHC （H-2b） antigen from splenic cells and sciatic nerves. Allogenous nerve transplantation group： Mice were given intrathymic injection of 100 μL saline; two weeks later, frozen sciatic nerves of donor mice were transplanted. Immunosuppressive agent group： Mice were given intrathymic injection of 100 μL saline; two weeks later, fresh sciatic nerves of donor mice were transplanted. At three days before transplantation, 10 mg/kg per day cyclosporin A was intraperitoneally injected once a day till mice were sacrificed. MHC （H-2b） antigen injection group： Mice were given intrathymic injection of MHC （H-2b） antigen from C57BL/6（H-2b） donor mice; two weeks later, fresh sciatic nerves of donor mice were transplanted. Autogenous nerve transplantation group： Mice were given intrathymic injection of 100 μL saline; two weeks later, fresh sciatic nerves were transplanted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ① Three weeks later, transplanted part of exposured sciatic nerve was used to measure the motor nerve conduction velocity. ② Transplanted nerve was stained with histochemical staining and observed light microscope and electron microscope. ③ Mice received mixed lymphocyte culture and delayed-typed hypersensitiveness to observe absorbency and measure depth of soles. RESULTS： All 76 mice were involved in the final analysis. ① Motor nerve conduction velocity： The nerve recovery in MHC （H-2b） antigen injection group was higher than that in allogenous nerve transplantation group, equal to immunosuppressive agent group and lower than autogenous nerve transplantation group. There were significant differences among them （P 〈 0.05）. ② Histological changes of transplanted nerve： Light and electron microscopes demonstrated that there were a lot of regenerative nerve fibers in autogenous nerve transplantation group, immunosuppressive agent group and MHC （H-2b） antigen injection group, and all nerve fibers passed grafts. ③ Immunological examination： There was no significant difference in mixed lymphocyte culture among allogenous nerve transplantation group, autogenous nerve transplantation group and MHC （H-2b） antigen injection group （P 〈 0.05）. Depth of soles in other groups was deeper than that in the MHC （H-2b） antigen injection group, and there was significant difference （P 〈 0.05）; that was to say, delayed-typed hypersensitiveness was remarkable. CONCLUSION： The intrathymic injection of allogene MHC antigen may induce specific immune tolerance to allogenous sciatic nerve transplantation and promote nerve survival and functional recovery.

sCD14-ST联合IL-6对细菌性呼吸道感染患儿的诊断价值

目的探讨可溶性白细胞分化抗原14亚型(sCD14-ST)联合白细胞介素-6(IL-6)对细菌性呼吸道感染患儿的诊断价值。方法选取2021年4月至2022年4月该院收治的55例细菌性呼吸道感染患儿作为观察组,另选取同期在该院健康体检的55例儿童作为对照组。检测并比较两组sCD14-ST、IL-6水平,采用Pearson相关分析细菌性呼吸道感染患儿sCD14-ST水平与IL-6水平的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归分析儿童发生细菌性呼吸道感染的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线分析血清sCD14-ST、IL-6对儿童发生细菌性呼吸道感染的诊断价值。结果观察组血清sCD14-ST、IL-6水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,细菌性呼吸道感染患儿血清sCD14-ST水平与IL-6水平呈正相关(r=0.422,P=0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,sCD14-ST>443.82 pg/mL、IL-6>13.75 pg/mL是儿童发生细菌性呼吸道感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。2项指标联合诊断儿童发生细菌性呼吸道感染的曲线下面积为0.887(95%CI:0.741~0.975),灵敏度为90.91%,特异度为80.00%。结论sCD14-ST>443.82 pg/mL、IL-6>13.75 pg/mL是儿童发生细菌性呼吸道感染的独立危险因素,2项指标联合检测能提高对儿童发生细菌性呼吸道感染的诊断价值。

动物疫病活载体疫苗研究进展

活载体疫苗是以细菌或病毒作为载体表达外源抗原和治疗因子的载体系统,具有安全性高、毒力返祖风险低、成本低,可诱导免疫机体产生高水平的体液免疫、细胞免疫或黏膜免疫等优点,是目前最具发展潜力的基因工程疫苗之一,在动物疫病防控领域应用较多。病毒载体包括DNA病毒(如腺病毒、腺相关病毒和痘病毒等)和RNA病毒(如新城疫病毒、流感病毒等);细菌载体包括减毒致病菌与非致病菌两类,主要包括乳酸菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等。活载体疫苗常用的抗原呈递策略有载体-宿主平衡致死系统、微生物表面展示系统。多种疫苗载体的开发及抗原呈递策略的选择,使得活载体疫苗的使用价值最大化。不同载体疫苗在预防疫病方面均有不同优缺点,应根据实际情况选择最优最适合的活载体疫苗。本文综述了动物疫病防控领域的病毒和细菌活载体疫苗研究进展及其抗原呈递方式,以期为活载体疫苗的进一步研究提供参考。

Impact of antisperm antibodies on sperm functions and fertility in livestock:A narrative review

Spermatozoa are recognized as foreign cells by both male and female immune systems,leading to the production of antisperm antibodies(ASAs)when sperm are exposed to immune system due to a breach in the mucosal barrier.ASAs can be found in both sexes,though concentrations vary by individual and sex.This review examines ASAs production,their specific binding locations on sperm,and how ASAs may impair key sperm functions,including motility,viability,acrosome reaction,and capacitation.While ASAs are known to potentially interfere with sperm quality and sperm binding to zona pellucida in both humans and livestock,their impact on fertility remains debated,as ASAs are also detected in a significant number of fertile individuals.Furthermore,the practical relevance of ASAs screening in fertility assessment lacks consensus,with some findings suggesting that ASAs might even aid fertilization under certain conditions.By compiling the information on ASAs and their effects on semen quality and fertility,this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of ASAs in infertility.

结核病γ干扰素释放试验刺激抗原研究进展

结核分支杆菌复合群引起的人和动物结核病,对人类健康及畜牧业发展造成了严重的威胁,早期诊断对于结核病的防控至关重要。在结核病众多诊断方法中,免疫学诊断方法中γ干扰素释放试验具有很好的应用前景。γ干扰素释放试验刺激抗原以结核菌素(purified protein derivative,PPD)为主,然而PPD抗原成分复杂,诊断特异性和敏感性有待提高,因此寻找可以代替PPD的特异性刺激抗原成为了研究热点。论文系统综述了近年来报道用于γ干扰素释放试验的刺激抗原,重点概述了刺激抗原的免疫特性、刺激效果以及各类刺激抗原的优势、局限性和应用前景,以期为人和动物结核病的诊断及防控提供参考。

卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗治疗食管鳞状细胞癌的疗效及对血清癌胚抗原、SCC、VEGF水平和免疫功能的影响

目的探讨卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗治疗晚期食管鳞状细胞癌的疗效及对血清癌胚抗原、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平和免疫功能的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年1月至2022年12月就诊于重庆市开州区人民医院的晚期食管鳞状细胞癌患者130例作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组与观察组,每组各65例。对照组予以单纯化疗,观察组予以卡瑞利珠单抗联合化疗治疗。两组均以21 d为1个疗程,治疗4个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效,分别于治疗前和治疗4个疗程后,比较两组患者的生活质量(QoL)评分和Karnofsky功能状态(KPS)评分、血清肿瘤增殖相关因子(癌胚抗原、SCC、VEGF)和免疫功能(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值),并统计两组不良反应发生情况。结果观察组病灶缓解率为67.69%,显著高于对照组(49.23%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4个疗程后,两组QoL评分和KPS评分均较治疗前升高,观察组的QoL评分和KPS评分分别为(47.52±5.31)、(83.84±5.25)分,均高于对照组[(43.11±5.49)、(79.37±5.42)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4个疗程后,两组血清癌胚抗原、SCC、VEGF水平均较治疗前降低,且观察组的血清癌胚抗原、SCC、VEGF水平分别为(8.24±2.25)μg/L、(4.89±1.31)μg/L、(113.58±20.63)pg/mL,均低于对照组[(13.76±3.14)μg/L、(7.45±2.12)μg/L、(224.71±35.25)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗4个疗程后,两组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均较治疗前降低,但观察组的CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)分别为(30.29±2.94)%、1.06±0.17,均高于对照组[(28.51±2.78)%、0.98±0.15],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组CD8^(+)组内和组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在化疗基础上联用卡瑞利珠单抗治疗晚期食管鳞状细胞癌患者可获得较好病灶缓解率,提升生活质量,能显著下调肿瘤增殖相关因子水平,改善免疫功能,且安全性较好。

细菌溶解产物胶囊联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿的效果

目的 探讨细菌溶解产物胶囊、布地奈德雾化吸入联合治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿的效果。方法 选择2021年1月—2023年3月本院收治的82例CVA患儿作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为对照组和联合组两组,每组各41例。对照组雾化吸入布地奈德,联合组在其基础上加以细菌溶解产物胶囊治疗。观察两组疾病控制效果、炎性因子水平、免疫功能以及不良反应。结果 治疗3个月后,联合组哮喘日间、夜间症状评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);联合组肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-4(IL-4)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)低于对照组(P<0.05);联合组免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、CD3+、CD4+均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应对比无差异(P>0.05)。结论 在CVA患儿中应用布地奈德雾化吸入联合细菌溶解产物胶囊具有良好效果,可有效调控患儿炎性因子水平,改善免疫功能,缓解哮喘症状,且未增加严重不良反应。

Results of Combining Phosphorylase Kinase Inhibition with Removal of Precipitating Factors in Large Cohort of Psoriatic Patients: A Proof of Concept Study

Background: Phosphorylase kinase (PhK) activity is induced by injurious stimuli, which is known to precipitate psoriasis. We had previously reported that elevated PhK activity in psoriatic epidermis correlated with increased psoriatic activity, and that suppression of PhK activity by its inhibitor, curcumin gel, correlated with disease resolution. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of a strategy of combining PhK inhibition by topical curcumin with elimination of PhK-generating precipitating factors from various injurious stimuli in producing improvement of psoriatic activity, aiming at complete resolution. Patients and Methods: We studied a cohort of 647 consecutive patients with mild to severe psoriasis in a single center. Our therapeutic regimen consisted of curcumin gel, topical steroids, strict avoidance of contact allergens, avoidance of dairy products in lactose-intolerant patients, and treatment of infections to eliminate bacterial superantigens. Results: PASI scores at 0 wk was 24.7 +/– 17.1 (SD), n = 647. PASI scores improved significantly at 4 weeks to 11.5 +/– 8.1 (n = 638;p < 0.0001), at 8 weeks to 4.5 +/– 4.2 (n = 636, p < 0.0001), and at 16 weeks to 0.9 +/– 2.5 (n = 641, p < 0.0001). At 16 weeks, 72.2% of patients were completely clear of psoriatic activity (PASI = 0). Conclusion: Our results indicate that a regimen of PhK inhibition by topical curcumin with elimination of PhK-generating factors is effective in producing significant reduction of psoriatic activity at 16 weeks, with complete clearance of psoriasis in 72.2% of patients.

标准化尘螨变应原疫苗治疗变应性鼻炎一年的疗效和安全性研

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食源性致病菌免疫及分子检测新技术研究进展

食源性致病菌是指以食物为载体,导致人类发生疾病的细菌。传统的以培养为基础的检测方法操作复杂、特异性不强、所需时间长,而近年来发展起来的免疫学方法及分子生物学方法广泛应用于食源性致病菌的检测,克服了传统检测方法的不足。目前常用的免疫学方法主要包括ELISA、免疫磁性分离技术和免疫胶体金技术等;分子生物学方法则主要有依赖PCR的DNA指纹图谱技术、多重PCR、基因芯片、定量PCR和实时荧光定量PCR等技术。

基于生物免疫系统克隆选择机理和免疫网络理论的免疫算法

提出一种基于生物免疫系统克隆选择机理和免疫网络理论的免疫算法.该算法通 过抗体的克隆选择和变异过程,完成对入侵抗原的清除,实现免疫防御的功能;利用免疫网 络调节的思想选择抗体记忆细胞,完成知识的学习和积累,实现免疫自稳的功能;利用所建 立的抗体记忆矩阵实现对类似入侵抗原的快速应答,行使免疫监视识别功能.该算法利用生 物变异机制实现抗体的自适应调节,使系统具有自适应、自学习能力.在加热炉状态识别的 应用研究表明,本文所提出的算法在解决数据识别方面具有较好的效果.