Notes:1.The Old Forbidden city refersto the former inperial palace of theMing Dynasty.Now the site hasbecome a park open to he public.2.Nanjing was called Moling inthe Qin Dynasty.3.Phoenix-patterned banners refer to ...Notes:1.The Old Forbidden city refersto the former inperial palace of theMing Dynasty.Now the site hasbecome a park open to he public.2.Nanjing was called Moling inthe Qin Dynasty.3.Phoenix-patterned banners refer to the banners on chariots used by the Qing emperors.4.The Yin(Shang)Dynasty overthrew the Xia Dynasty,but later was overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty.Here the poet warns his descendants that they should take a展开更多
One of the great enigmas of human history is how the Eastern or later Han dynasty of China,which ran from around 25CE to 220CE,and that of the Roman Empire from the era of Augustus from 27BCE to that of Constantine th...One of the great enigmas of human history is how the Eastern or later Han dynasty of China,which ran from around 25CE to 220CE,and that of the Roman Empire from the era of Augustus from 27BCE to that of Constantine the Great around 330CE were almost contemporaneous and yet there is very little solid evidence that they had any contact w让h each other.How did two such vast entities manage to occupy their extensive geographies in blithe mutual ignorance?This question has been addressed perhaps most extensively by Walter Scheidel and others in the edited 2009 Oxford University Press volume,"Rome and China:Comparative Perspectives on An&ent World Empires.Their conclusion is broadly that they just did not know about each other;there was no particular reason,it was just a fact.展开更多
This paper examines the early Byzantine bronze lamp found in Southeast Asia(Pong Tuk,Thailand)and in southern China that documented in Yin Ju’s ode in 281 C.E.Basing on these archaeological and written evidences,the ...This paper examines the early Byzantine bronze lamp found in Southeast Asia(Pong Tuk,Thailand)and in southern China that documented in Yin Ju’s ode in 281 C.E.Basing on these archaeological and written evidences,the authors discuss that the new knowledge on Daqin i.e.the Roman Empire in Chinese sources after the third century was acquired via the Funan Kingdom.The rise of Funan and its ability to expand trade with India and even Mediterranean world after the Third-Century Crisis in Rome indicated change of trading mode in Indian Ocean in the age of Late Antiquity.The rise of regional kingdoms from East to West and the spread of new world religions along the sea route were two key factors to start a new type of prosperity in the Indian Ocean trading network.展开更多
BEAUTIFUL music is flowing out from the fingertips of a dozen old men. They hail from the remote snowcapped Yulong mountain of Lijiang, located in southwestern China’s Yunnan Province. The music that they play has a ...BEAUTIFUL music is flowing out from the fingertips of a dozen old men. They hail from the remote snowcapped Yulong mountain of Lijiang, located in southwestern China’s Yunnan Province. The music that they play has a history of more than one thousand years. Performed in traditional costume with antique-looking musical instruments, the thoroughly original concert of展开更多
Botticelli’s Minerva and the Centaur of 1482-1483,along with his other mythological paintings,the Primavera,the Birth of Venus,and Mars and Venus,remains an iconographical mystery.As such,it is particularly interesti...Botticelli’s Minerva and the Centaur of 1482-1483,along with his other mythological paintings,the Primavera,the Birth of Venus,and Mars and Venus,remains an iconographical mystery.As such,it is particularly interesting to analyze them.Now at the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence and National Gallery in London,these paintings,executed between 1480 and 1490,were commissioned with specific aesthetic and intellectual aims and were intended to be hung in private rooms for personal viewing.Botticelli’s mythological paintings reflect the Renaissance humanistic body of thought:the study of antiquity and Neoplatonic philosophy.This essay focuses on one aspect:an interpretation of the influence of antiquity and humanism in Botticelli’s Minerva and the Centaur,a conflation of Minerva pacifica and Minerva pudica.展开更多
This article examines the presence and uses of plants attested in the Chinese medical tradition in the materia medica literature of classical antiquity.It is based on the consultation of the major ancient compilations...This article examines the presence and uses of plants attested in the Chinese medical tradition in the materia medica literature of classical antiquity.It is based on the consultation of the major ancient compilations on materia medica of Chinese medicine and classical antiquity,specifically Bencao Gangmu by Li Shizhen(16th cent.)and De materia medica by Dioscorides(1st cent.A.D.).The article is divided in three major parts:the identification of plants used in the Chinese medical tradition in the medicine of the Mediterranean World in Antiquity;the analysis of the knowledge of these plants and their origin in classical antiquity;a comparison of the uses of these plants in the Bencao Gangmu and De materia medica.It traces the presence of plants of the Chinese medical tradition in Classical antiquity.Although their exact origin was not known,they were reputed at that time to be native to either India or the Black Sea,two areas that correspond to the ending points of the Silk Road.As for their uses in both traditions,they correspond for some plants,whereas they do not for others because either the uses attested in the Chinese tradition were not preserved on the Mediterranean or different uses appeared in the Mediterranean tradition.These differentiated uses hint at both continuities and ruptures,with the latter resulting from the long journey of the plants from the Chinese World to the Mediterranean and,at the same time,attempts aimed to diversify and optimize the applications of non-native medicinal substances.展开更多
The article deals with relations of Georgia to Europe in the late antique period and the early Middle Ages.The analyses rests on the Byzantium and the Western European,as well as on Georgian written sources:historical...The article deals with relations of Georgia to Europe in the late antique period and the early Middle Ages.The analyses rests on the Byzantium and the Western European,as well as on Georgian written sources:historical chronicles,hagiographic texts and other information,reflecting political relations of the Iberia and Lazika—those-days kingdoms,located on the territory of Georgia—to the Western European and Byzantine space.The offered analysis will concentrate on the shared characteristics of European space in the Middle Ages and will compare them to the general tendencies of development of Georgia in the same period.This enables to draw conclusion that Georgia was the part of the unified Christian space of the early Middle Ages.展开更多
The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Sweden (hereinafter referred to as the Museum)is hidden on the island Skeppsholmen in downtown Stockholm.The Museum mainly collects cultural relics from China, Japan and Southe...The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Sweden (hereinafter referred to as the Museum)is hidden on the island Skeppsholmen in downtown Stockholm.The Museum mainly collects cultural relics from China, Japan and Southeast Asian countries.It has three permanent exhibitions for Chinese cultural relics.展开更多
This paper presents results from investigation of cultural transformations exhibited by Wasukuma youth in regard to getting fiancées in Ngasamo ward, Busega district, Simiyu region, Tanzania. The Main Objective w...This paper presents results from investigation of cultural transformations exhibited by Wasukuma youth in regard to getting fiancées in Ngasamo ward, Busega district, Simiyu region, Tanzania. The Main Objective was to assess the manner former Wasukuma young men used mega-stone objects in selecting prospective fiancées and compare with the current trend of using media in some areas of Bariadi district, Simiyu region. Specific Objectives included the following: to relocate tangible cultural heritage resources (mega-stones) used by Wasukuma young men in former times for getting fiancées in Simiyu region;to identify electronic media used by Wasukuma young men of today to communicate in a bid to get fiancées in Simiyu region;and to provide suggestions for pertinent protection, conservation as well as presentation of cultural heritage resources. Such investigation was carried out through surveys that included field observation, documentation together with records for Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates per surveyed locality and key informant interviews. Results from the study identified granite rock boulders that were used as grinding stones for cereals such that they formed grinding hollows. Besides production of flour for making food like stiff porridge or soft porridge, such grinding hollows were used by youth of former times to identify hard working young ladies who could be useful for becoming life partners. Such cultural heritage assets need sustainable preservation as well as conservation plans in line with Antiqui-ties Act, Antiquities Rules and Monuments of 1980, Cultural Policy of 1997 together with Antiquities Policy of 2008. On the other hand, today’s youth in Bariadi area, Simiyu region and elsewhere in Usukuma areas, for instance, Kwimba district in Mwanza region used such mega-stones with the same purposes. However, currently, youth are using Information Communication Technology (ICT), for example, electronic media through television, mobile phones and the like to communicate with young ladies so as to build a permanent bond that could culminate to marriage.展开更多
Sustainable and appropriate watershed management strategies require the determination of biophysical information which includes the floral characteristics of the watershed. This study was conducted to characterize the...Sustainable and appropriate watershed management strategies require the determination of biophysical information which includes the floral characteristics of the watershed. This study was conducted to characterize the floral composition of the Bugang River watershed. Data gathering was done by conducting an inventory for trees, palms, and bamboos with Quadrant Sampling using a stratified random sampling method in the forested area of the watershed with 50 m × 20 m sampling plots. Floral species were identified and classified through local experts, published books, journals, the internet, and available references. A total of 60 species belonging to 31 families and 52 genera were found using this method. Gogo (Entada phaseoloides) had the highest number of species with 222 or 14% of the total species. Trees with dbh 10 cm and above have a total estimated volume of 102.31 m<sup>3</sup>. The average diameter and average height of species decrease as the elevation increases. The result showed that the Bugang River watershed has a diverse floral composition, with vertical stratification and a dense canopy. The advocacy and awareness campaign should be done and strengthen the protection and conservation efforts of concerned agencies for the sustainability of the watershed.展开更多
The exact dating of Laozi and his work has long been a topic of scholarly interest.Since the 1920s,traditional views on Laozi’s dating have been widely questioned in both Chinese and Western academia.In the latter ha...The exact dating of Laozi and his work has long been a topic of scholarly interest.Since the 1920s,traditional views on Laozi’s dating have been widely questioned in both Chinese and Western academia.In the latter half of the 20th century,as the“Trust Antiquity”trend gradually emerged in Chinese academia,the view that“Laozi did not exist”became the most influential mainstream perspective in Western academia.This paper first reviews the process of unification and differentiation of opinions between Chinese and Western academia.Then,by analyzing and comparing representative papers from Chinese and Western scholars,it explores the reasons for the differences in mainstream opinions.Additionally,it briefly discusses the implications of these differences to provide insights for future research.展开更多
New legislative acts on heritage protection have been published in several Arab Countries in the last decade.Whilst this is a positive trend in general,what remains to be seen is the factual impact of the new legislat...New legislative acts on heritage protection have been published in several Arab Countries in the last decade.Whilst this is a positive trend in general,what remains to be seen is the factual impact of the new legislation on the pressing issues of heritage management,including the holistic and integrated approaches,monitoring,enforcement and others.This paper compares the new legislative solutions from Gulf Arab Countries to the older ones and determines whether the new trends have potential of improving the heritage management systems.The findings of this paper are intended to increase the awareness of the still-marginal issue of heritage management in the heritage legislation of Arab region and promote the successful measures among the countries with outdated statutory heritage protection.展开更多
Since its modernization, China's New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty have brought about municipal administrative reforms in such aspects as town autonomy. This article reviews the modernization and westernization pr...Since its modernization, China's New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty have brought about municipal administrative reforms in such aspects as town autonomy. This article reviews the modernization and westernization process of China's modern urban administrative system, based on which it explores the municipal administrative system's reform and changes in urban form, the construction of laws and regulations concerning antiquities preservation, as well as modern urban plans in relation to city wall demolition in traditional Chinese cities. Finally, the article refl ects on a series of historical facts, including the publication of the Encyclopedia of Municipal Administration through which the introduction of Western planning theories was refl ected, as well as on the modern municipal planning practices carried out by Sun Ke and other historical fi gures, thus illustrating the practical signifi cance of historical research on China's modern urban planning.展开更多
"Imitation Antique"Not Worthy of RecommendationWang Zhiming(Senior Planner,Director.Institute of Theoretical Research and HistoricCity Studies,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design)
China is an ancient country. In addition to its stateclassified historic relics, there are abundant handicrafts, cultural tools and utensils for daily use left from ancient times. Therefore. the business of selling an...China is an ancient country. In addition to its stateclassified historic relics, there are abundant handicrafts, cultural tools and utensils for daily use left from ancient times. Therefore. the business of selling antiques and secondhand goods which were made before 1949 is flourishing, In Beijing alone, there are seven large markets dealing with goods such as age-old pottery and porcelain,展开更多
文摘Notes:1.The Old Forbidden city refersto the former inperial palace of theMing Dynasty.Now the site hasbecome a park open to he public.2.Nanjing was called Moling inthe Qin Dynasty.3.Phoenix-patterned banners refer to the banners on chariots used by the Qing emperors.4.The Yin(Shang)Dynasty overthrew the Xia Dynasty,but later was overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty.Here the poet warns his descendants that they should take a
文摘One of the great enigmas of human history is how the Eastern or later Han dynasty of China,which ran from around 25CE to 220CE,and that of the Roman Empire from the era of Augustus from 27BCE to that of Constantine the Great around 330CE were almost contemporaneous and yet there is very little solid evidence that they had any contact w让h each other.How did two such vast entities manage to occupy their extensive geographies in blithe mutual ignorance?This question has been addressed perhaps most extensively by Walter Scheidel and others in the edited 2009 Oxford University Press volume,"Rome and China:Comparative Perspectives on An&ent World Empires.Their conclusion is broadly that they just did not know about each other;there was no particular reason,it was just a fact.
文摘This paper examines the early Byzantine bronze lamp found in Southeast Asia(Pong Tuk,Thailand)and in southern China that documented in Yin Ju’s ode in 281 C.E.Basing on these archaeological and written evidences,the authors discuss that the new knowledge on Daqin i.e.the Roman Empire in Chinese sources after the third century was acquired via the Funan Kingdom.The rise of Funan and its ability to expand trade with India and even Mediterranean world after the Third-Century Crisis in Rome indicated change of trading mode in Indian Ocean in the age of Late Antiquity.The rise of regional kingdoms from East to West and the spread of new world religions along the sea route were two key factors to start a new type of prosperity in the Indian Ocean trading network.
文摘BEAUTIFUL music is flowing out from the fingertips of a dozen old men. They hail from the remote snowcapped Yulong mountain of Lijiang, located in southwestern China’s Yunnan Province. The music that they play has a history of more than one thousand years. Performed in traditional costume with antique-looking musical instruments, the thoroughly original concert of
文摘Botticelli’s Minerva and the Centaur of 1482-1483,along with his other mythological paintings,the Primavera,the Birth of Venus,and Mars and Venus,remains an iconographical mystery.As such,it is particularly interesting to analyze them.Now at the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence and National Gallery in London,these paintings,executed between 1480 and 1490,were commissioned with specific aesthetic and intellectual aims and were intended to be hung in private rooms for personal viewing.Botticelli’s mythological paintings reflect the Renaissance humanistic body of thought:the study of antiquity and Neoplatonic philosophy.This essay focuses on one aspect:an interpretation of the influence of antiquity and humanism in Botticelli’s Minerva and the Centaur,a conflation of Minerva pacifica and Minerva pudica.
文摘This article examines the presence and uses of plants attested in the Chinese medical tradition in the materia medica literature of classical antiquity.It is based on the consultation of the major ancient compilations on materia medica of Chinese medicine and classical antiquity,specifically Bencao Gangmu by Li Shizhen(16th cent.)and De materia medica by Dioscorides(1st cent.A.D.).The article is divided in three major parts:the identification of plants used in the Chinese medical tradition in the medicine of the Mediterranean World in Antiquity;the analysis of the knowledge of these plants and their origin in classical antiquity;a comparison of the uses of these plants in the Bencao Gangmu and De materia medica.It traces the presence of plants of the Chinese medical tradition in Classical antiquity.Although their exact origin was not known,they were reputed at that time to be native to either India or the Black Sea,two areas that correspond to the ending points of the Silk Road.As for their uses in both traditions,they correspond for some plants,whereas they do not for others because either the uses attested in the Chinese tradition were not preserved on the Mediterranean or different uses appeared in the Mediterranean tradition.These differentiated uses hint at both continuities and ruptures,with the latter resulting from the long journey of the plants from the Chinese World to the Mediterranean and,at the same time,attempts aimed to diversify and optimize the applications of non-native medicinal substances.
文摘The article deals with relations of Georgia to Europe in the late antique period and the early Middle Ages.The analyses rests on the Byzantium and the Western European,as well as on Georgian written sources:historical chronicles,hagiographic texts and other information,reflecting political relations of the Iberia and Lazika—those-days kingdoms,located on the territory of Georgia—to the Western European and Byzantine space.The offered analysis will concentrate on the shared characteristics of European space in the Middle Ages and will compare them to the general tendencies of development of Georgia in the same period.This enables to draw conclusion that Georgia was the part of the unified Christian space of the early Middle Ages.
文摘The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Sweden (hereinafter referred to as the Museum)is hidden on the island Skeppsholmen in downtown Stockholm.The Museum mainly collects cultural relics from China, Japan and Southeast Asian countries.It has three permanent exhibitions for Chinese cultural relics.
文摘This paper presents results from investigation of cultural transformations exhibited by Wasukuma youth in regard to getting fiancées in Ngasamo ward, Busega district, Simiyu region, Tanzania. The Main Objective was to assess the manner former Wasukuma young men used mega-stone objects in selecting prospective fiancées and compare with the current trend of using media in some areas of Bariadi district, Simiyu region. Specific Objectives included the following: to relocate tangible cultural heritage resources (mega-stones) used by Wasukuma young men in former times for getting fiancées in Simiyu region;to identify electronic media used by Wasukuma young men of today to communicate in a bid to get fiancées in Simiyu region;and to provide suggestions for pertinent protection, conservation as well as presentation of cultural heritage resources. Such investigation was carried out through surveys that included field observation, documentation together with records for Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates per surveyed locality and key informant interviews. Results from the study identified granite rock boulders that were used as grinding stones for cereals such that they formed grinding hollows. Besides production of flour for making food like stiff porridge or soft porridge, such grinding hollows were used by youth of former times to identify hard working young ladies who could be useful for becoming life partners. Such cultural heritage assets need sustainable preservation as well as conservation plans in line with Antiqui-ties Act, Antiquities Rules and Monuments of 1980, Cultural Policy of 1997 together with Antiquities Policy of 2008. On the other hand, today’s youth in Bariadi area, Simiyu region and elsewhere in Usukuma areas, for instance, Kwimba district in Mwanza region used such mega-stones with the same purposes. However, currently, youth are using Information Communication Technology (ICT), for example, electronic media through television, mobile phones and the like to communicate with young ladies so as to build a permanent bond that could culminate to marriage.
文摘Sustainable and appropriate watershed management strategies require the determination of biophysical information which includes the floral characteristics of the watershed. This study was conducted to characterize the floral composition of the Bugang River watershed. Data gathering was done by conducting an inventory for trees, palms, and bamboos with Quadrant Sampling using a stratified random sampling method in the forested area of the watershed with 50 m × 20 m sampling plots. Floral species were identified and classified through local experts, published books, journals, the internet, and available references. A total of 60 species belonging to 31 families and 52 genera were found using this method. Gogo (Entada phaseoloides) had the highest number of species with 222 or 14% of the total species. Trees with dbh 10 cm and above have a total estimated volume of 102.31 m<sup>3</sup>. The average diameter and average height of species decrease as the elevation increases. The result showed that the Bugang River watershed has a diverse floral composition, with vertical stratification and a dense canopy. The advocacy and awareness campaign should be done and strengthen the protection and conservation efforts of concerned agencies for the sustainability of the watershed.
文摘The exact dating of Laozi and his work has long been a topic of scholarly interest.Since the 1920s,traditional views on Laozi’s dating have been widely questioned in both Chinese and Western academia.In the latter half of the 20th century,as the“Trust Antiquity”trend gradually emerged in Chinese academia,the view that“Laozi did not exist”became the most influential mainstream perspective in Western academia.This paper first reviews the process of unification and differentiation of opinions between Chinese and Western academia.Then,by analyzing and comparing representative papers from Chinese and Western scholars,it explores the reasons for the differences in mainstream opinions.Additionally,it briefly discusses the implications of these differences to provide insights for future research.
文摘New legislative acts on heritage protection have been published in several Arab Countries in the last decade.Whilst this is a positive trend in general,what remains to be seen is the factual impact of the new legislation on the pressing issues of heritage management,including the holistic and integrated approaches,monitoring,enforcement and others.This paper compares the new legislative solutions from Gulf Arab Countries to the older ones and determines whether the new trends have potential of improving the heritage management systems.The findings of this paper are intended to increase the awareness of the still-marginal issue of heritage management in the heritage legislation of Arab region and promote the successful measures among the countries with outdated statutory heritage protection.
文摘Since its modernization, China's New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty have brought about municipal administrative reforms in such aspects as town autonomy. This article reviews the modernization and westernization process of China's modern urban administrative system, based on which it explores the municipal administrative system's reform and changes in urban form, the construction of laws and regulations concerning antiquities preservation, as well as modern urban plans in relation to city wall demolition in traditional Chinese cities. Finally, the article refl ects on a series of historical facts, including the publication of the Encyclopedia of Municipal Administration through which the introduction of Western planning theories was refl ected, as well as on the modern municipal planning practices carried out by Sun Ke and other historical fi gures, thus illustrating the practical signifi cance of historical research on China's modern urban planning.
文摘"Imitation Antique"Not Worthy of RecommendationWang Zhiming(Senior Planner,Director.Institute of Theoretical Research and HistoricCity Studies,China Academy of Urban Planning and Design)
文摘China is an ancient country. In addition to its stateclassified historic relics, there are abundant handicrafts, cultural tools and utensils for daily use left from ancient times. Therefore. the business of selling antiques and secondhand goods which were made before 1949 is flourishing, In Beijing alone, there are seven large markets dealing with goods such as age-old pottery and porcelain,