Factors Associated with HIV/Tuberculosis Coinfection among People Living with HIV after Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment in Lingwala Health Zone from 2021 to 2023

Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa accounts for the majority of co-infection episodes, with over 50% of cases in some parts of southern Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), around 9% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) develop TB and 11% of TB patients are infected with HIV. The DRC is one of the 30 countries in the world bearing the brunt of co-infection. Despite the efforts made by countries to improve access to antiretroviral traitement (ART), TB remains a major problem among people living with HIV. The Lingwala Health Zone in the provincial city of Kinshasa recorded a large number of cases of HIV/TB co-infection during the study period. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection among PLHIV on ART in the Lingwala health zone (HZ) in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the state-run HIV care facilities in the Lingwala health district among PLHIV who had visited the health facilities during the period 2021-2023. Cases were coinfected patients and controls were PLHIV who had not developed tuberculosis during the study period. Results: A total of 281 PLHIV were enrolled in the study, with 70 cases and 211 controls. Factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection after multivariate analysis were viral load (OR = 5.34;95% CI;1.8-15.8, p = 0.005). History of tuberculosis (OR = 20.84;95% CI;8.6-50.3, p -85.0, p = 0.005) and BMI Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the detection of these enumerated factors should prompt providers to actively search for tuberculosis with a view to organising early management.

Immunovirological Discordance and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV under Antiretroviral Treatment at Hôpital de Jour de Donka, Guinea

The antiretroviral treatment (ART) has significantly reduced the number of new HIV/AIDS infections and related deaths. However, cases of immunovirological discordance (IVD) are found in various locations. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of People living with HIV (PLHIV) with IVD and to identify associated factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the records of PLHIV under ART for at least 6 months, followed at Hpital de Jour Donka from 2015 to 2017, and having both viral load (CV) and CD4 T-cell count. Prevalence of IVD was 34.57%, with 23.87% for immunological discordance (ID) and 10.7% for virological discordance (VD). Females were predominant (66.26%), and male gender influenced IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.006) and was associated with VD (p = 0.007). The average age was 38.77 11.30 years. PLHIV were classified at WHO stages 3 and 4 (86.01%). The median initial haemoglobin level was 11.5 g/L [3.2 - 12]. The mean initial CD4 T-cell count was 272.84 cells/mm3 201.6. The median initial viral load (VL) was 147,337 copies/mL [1092 - 31,675,000]. The initial CD4 T-cell count 3 was associated with IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0009) and correlated with ID (p = 0.000). Prurigo was associated with IVD with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). Cerebral toxoplasmosis was not associated with IVD but was associated with ID (p = 0.04). This study allowed us to describe the profile of PLHIV with IVD. The main associated factors were male gender, initial CD4 T-cell count 3, toxoplasmosis, prurigo, and herpes zoster.

Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Exposure in Utero on Adverse Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes:A Prospective Cohort Study in Guangzhou, China

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of in-utero exposure to HIV and ART on pregnancy outcome and early growth of children.Methods This cohort study enrolled 802 HIV-infected pregnant women between October 2009 and May 2018 in Guangzhou, China. The women were assigned to receive combination ART(c ART) or mono/dual ART or no treatment. The primary outcomes were the combined endpoints of any adverse pregnancy outcome [including ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth, small for gestational age(SGA)] and adverse early growth outcome(including infant death, HIV infection of mother-to-child transmission, and underweight, wasting and stunting of infants at 4 weeks of age).Results Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 202(35.1%) of all enrolled HIV-infected women, and121(31.3%) of all infants exhibited adverse effects on early growth at 4 weeks of age. The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes, spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, infant death and perinatal HIV infection were higher among women not receiving ART, compared to those treated with c ART or mono/dual ART(P < 0.05). However, women treated with c ART had a higher rate of SGA,compared to untreated women(P < 0.05). No differences in early infant growth were observed among the different treatment regimens.Conclusion Our findings underscore the essentiality of prioritizing HIV-positive pregnant women for ART, as even mono/dual ART available in resource-limited countries could improve pregnancy outcomes and infant survival.

Anemia and Its Associated Risk Factors at the Time of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Public Health Facilities of Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality in HIV patients and is associated with disease progression and decreased survival. This study aims to describe the prevalence and predictors of anemia in HIV positive patients at the time of ART initiation at public health facilities of Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A total of 411 adults (?15 years) HIV positive patients with complete information on hemoglobin levels and CD4 count and clinical characteristics registered from 2006 to 2013 were assessed for anemia prevalence and risk factors at the ART clinic of the Arba Minch hospital and health center. The measurements of Hemoglobin and CD4 + T cell count were performed using standard methodology at baseline of ART initiation. Results: A total of 411 HIV positive patients (195 males and 216 females) with a mean ± SD age of 33.9 ± 9.0 years were assessed. Hemoglobin levels were between 6.0 and 16.5 mg/dL. The overall prevalence of anemia at the time of ART initiation was 52.3%;with 28.1%, 22.9% and 1.3% mild, moderate and severe anemia respectively. The overall prevalence of anemia was 62.4% among males and 46.7% among females (P < 0.001). An increased risk of anemia was seen in males (adjusted OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.77 - 4.35);low CD4 cell counts (adjusted OR = 3.48, 95% CI = 2.09 - 5.79);and history of TB (adjusted OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.28 - 6.54). Conclusions: Anemia in HIV-positive patients was highly prevalent at the time of ART initiation. Male gender, low CD4 count and history of TB were associated with higher risk of baseline anemia.

Health-Related Quality of Life in HIV-positive Women on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy—A Study from Bangalore, South India

Introduction: Lifelong Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) promotes good quality of life and health among HIV-positive men and women. However, simplified newer and effective ART has not increased retention in care, or long-term ART adherence, especially among women. There are many factors that impede long-term adherence in women. This includes among other things female gender, depression, greater than once-daily dosing, longer time since HIV diagnosis, and patient beliefs. This study measures the quality of life in women whose ART durations range from one to fifteen years, using the standardized WHO Quality of Life questionnaire. Material and Methods: One hundred and fourteen women were divided into three groups based on ART duration. Group 1 had 37 women on ART for less than five years, Group 2 had 48 women on ART from 5 to 10 years and Group 3 had 29 women on ART for more than ten years. They were administered the WHO Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire, which assesses QOL in six domains. QOL was considered poor in scores between 4 - 9.9, medium in scores of 10 - 14.9 and good in scores of 15 - 20. Results: Scores in all 3 groups were more than 85% in five domains and around 74.5% in the psychological domain. Domain mean scores were Physical 18 (CI 17.63 - 18.37), Psychological 14.9 (CI 14.55 - 15.25), Independence 18.6 (CI 18.33 - 18.87), Social relationships 17.5 (CI 17.07 - 17.93), Environmental 17.6 (CI 17.25 - 17.95), Spiritual, Religious, Personal beliefs, 17.4 (CI 16.93 - 17.87). Scores for women on long-term ART (Group 3) are not different from the other 2 groups and the p-values were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Women on long-term ART fare extremely well compared to other groups with more than 93% showing good QOL and none showing poor Quality of Health in spite of being on ART for a longer period of time than the other two groups. Despite a multitude of impeding factors, women who continue ART faithfully and consistently enjoy a good quality of health and life. Adequate preparation and a supportive health system are essential for ensuring long-term adherence, but the attitude and commitment of women are also critical.

献血者使用HIV抗病毒治疗药物对血液安全的影响

目的分析深圳市无偿献血者中使用抗病毒治疗(ART)药物对血液安全的潜在风险。方法应用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-MS/MS),检测定期献血者(阴性对照组n=86)、抗-HIV阳性检出者(实验组n=98,检出于2019—2023年约44万献血者)血浆中ART药物,探明阴性对照组ART药物血浆基线浓度,分析使用ART药物对血液安全的影响。结果86例阴性对照组血浆标本未检测到基线浓度的ART药物;98例实验组1∶2人份混合血浆标本中,经拆分确证检出4例ART药物标本,ART药物检出率为4.08%。其中,3例检出ART药物替诺福韦、拉米夫定、依非韦伦,1例检出拉米夫定、洛匹那韦、利托那韦、齐多夫定。结论深圳地区抗-HIV阳性检出者中存在使用ART药物情况,需要进一步探究此类人群献血动机,识别高危人群,保障血液安全。

A Qualitative Look at Decreasing Barriers to Receiving Uninterrupted Care for People Living with HIV in Rural Southern Georgia

Early linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART) after HIV diagnosis extends life. Low socioeconomic populations with HIV face regional concerns that inhibit early treatment. Barriers include religious-based stigma, lack of local treatment facilities, fear of discovery and purposeful secrecy fostering increased HIV transmission and decreased ART adherence. This ethnographic qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 10 health care providers (HCP) and 10 people living with HIV (PLWH) to discover methods to streamline care and increase medication adherence. Clients perceive enhanced care when they are active participants in treatment. HCPs reported positive health outcomes when there was active multidisciplinary communication. Obstacles included a lack of consistent medication assistance programs, homelessness, and limited access to specialized services. There is a need for further investigation on how to provide individualized, holistic treatment to a population of patients with extremely limited federal funding in a geographic region where religious stigma surrounding HIV is widespread.

积极应对HIV抗病毒治疗对血液安全的潜在影响

HIV感染和传播严重威胁民众健康和公共卫生安全,抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART),包括暴露前预防(PrEP)和暴露后预防(PEP),对控制AIDS病情和遏制HIV传播发挥了巨大作用。由于ART后HIV感染者血浆病毒载量和抗原水平下降,血液筛查相关实验标记物的生成和检测可能受到影响。国内外已发现正在接受ART的献血者,且有增加趋势,献血者HIV筛查的不确定性和风险性正在增加,采供血机构应高度重视,积极采取相关研究,探讨科学合理的应对措施。

Current progress of China’s free ART program

China’s Free ART Program was initiated in 2002 as an emergency response to save and improve the lives of AIDS patients living mainly in impoverished rural regions of central China. With little experience in HIV/AIDS treatment and care and resource limitations, China’s efforts to provide widespread access to free antiretroviral therapy has been a process fraught with difficulty. However, the Free ART Program is progressing from an emergency response to a standardized treatment and care system. The development of national guidelines, training programs, a laboratory sup- port network, a national patient database, programs for special populations such as children and patients living with co- infections, and operational research has improved the scope and quality of the free treatment program. As of June 30, 2005, a total of 19,456 patients in 28 provinces, autonomous regions, and special municipalities had received free ART. Challenges stemming from the nature of China’s health system and patient population persist, but with strong govern- ment support and a diverse set of resources, China has the capacity to overcome these challenges and to provide nationwide access to high quality treatment and care.

A Baseline Studies on the Nutritional Interplay between HIV Drugs and Kidney, Liver and Heart Indices in Patients Receiving HIV Treatment in North-East Nigeria

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) have shown impressive improvement and death rates have drastically reduced, even though complications still exist. This research carried out a baseline study to determine the nutritional interplay between HIV-drugs and kidney, liver, and heart indices among subjects undergoing HIV treatment and attending the Medical Out-Patient Department of a Federal Medical Center in the North-Eastern part of Nigeria, using a sample size of 50 individuals both male and female, who have been shown to be HIV positive and have been on ART for over 12 months. Anthropometric data was collected in triplicate, two from patients’ file, and one was measured directly and the average was obtained. The electrolytes were determined by the colorimetric method while total protein and albumin in blood concentration were determined by spectrophotometric method, but globulin and A/G ratio were determined by calculation. TC was determined using Spectrophotometric method while HDL was determined after precipitation of LDL with phosphotungstate and magnesium were calculated from Friedwaldís formular, and TG was measured using the colorimetric enzymatic method. The results showed that the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure which were 119.9 mmHg ± 17.5, and 76. 6 mmHg ± 10.1 respectively, were with the range of the reference values. The mean body mass index was 25.1 ± 4.9;also within range of the reference value. Major indices from the liver function test were mean ALT which was 36.5 ± 29.4 with a reference value of 7 - 55 U/L;AST was 40.0 ± 32.3, with a reference value of 8 - 48 U/L. The mean value for albumin was 4.6 ± 7.1 with a reference range of 3.5 - 5.0 g/dl, these values also were within the reference range values. The electrolyte test showed all other electrolytes to be within the reference range values except for Zinc which was 19.5 μmol/L, with a normal range of 70 - 100 μmol/L and magnesium which was found to be 0.7 mEq/L, with a normal range of 1.5 - 2.0 mEq/L;Zinc and magnesium play vital roles in over 300 enzymatic reactions, and are known to be important in the immune response. Shortfalls in these minerals could compromise the patients’ recovery process and place them at risk of hearts conditions such as arrhythmia or heart attack among many other conditions. There is a need for an immediate review of these treatments in the direction of Zinc and magnesium, either by supplementation or by diet therapy. HIV patients undergoing ART should be placed under strict Zinc and magnesium-rich diet to avert untimely death among these patients. The controlled study should be done to ascertain the best approach to quell the residue of malnutrition in these patients in order to further improve their nutritional status.

Pattern of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Adults on ART in Nigeria

Background: The development of anitiretroviral drug resistance may limit the benefit of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore the need to closely monitor these mutations, especially the use of ART is increasing. This study was therefore designed to determine the ARV drug resistance pattern among ART na?ve and expose individuals attending a PEPFAR supported by antiretroviral clinic in Nigeria. Methodology: The study participants included patients attending the PEPFAR supported by University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan ART clinic who have been on HIV treatment for at least one year with consecutive viral load of over 2000 copies/ml as well some ART Na?ve individuals with high (>50,000 copies/ml) baseline viral level attending the hospital for pre-ART assessment. Blood sample was collected from each individual for CD4 enumeration, viral load level determination and DNA sequencing for genotypic typing. Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations (DRM) were determined by using the Viroseq software and drug mutations generated by using a combination of Viroseq and Stanford algorithm. DRM were classified as major or minor mutations based on the June 2013 Stanford DR database. Results: The most common major NRTI, NNRTI and PI mutation were D67N (33.3%), Y181C (16.7%) and M46L/I (55.6%) respectively. Lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC);nevirapine (NVP) and nelfinavir (NFV) were the most common NRTI, NNRTI, and PI drugs to which the virus in the infected individuals developed resistance. Isolates from 4 patients were resistant to triple drug class, including at least one NRTI, NNRTI and a PI. Only one (4.8%) of the isolates from drug Na?ve individuals had major DRM that conferred resistance to any drug. Conclusion: Demonstration of high rates of antiretroviral DRM among patients on 1st and 2nd line ART and the presence of DRM in drug Na?ve individuals in this study show the importance of surveillance for resistance to ARV in line with the magnitude of scaling up of treatment program in the country.

接受抗反转录病毒治疗HIV感染者/艾滋病患者的希望水平及影响因素研究

目的:调查接受抗反转录病毒治疗(ART)的HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(PLWHA)的希望水平并分析其影响因素,为提高其生存质量提供理论依据。方法:便利抽取206例在门诊接受国家免费ART1~109个月的PLWHA,采用Herth希望量表调查其希望水平,使用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果:206例患者的希望水平得分为(36.2±3.89)分,3个维度得分从高到低为:采取积极行动(12.48±1.73)分,对现实与未来积极态度(11.98±1.35)分及与他人保持亲密的关系(11.74±1.47)分。统计结果提示,自我接受程度、月收入及感染途径影响接受ART的PLWHA的希望水平。结论:接受ART的PLWHA有较高水平希望值,帮助其接受感染HIV事实、理性面对自身性行为及获取社会支持,有利于提高其希望水平,从而提高生存质量。

108例HIV感染者/AIDS病人临床分析

目的了解艾滋病重点村艾滋病病毒(H IV)感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)临床表现的特点,及抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的效果。方法对H IV感染者和AIDS病人的流行病学和临床资料加以归纳总结。结果AIDS病人72例。28例进行了丙肝抗体检测,仅1例阴性。69例AIDS病人进行了抗逆转录病毒治疗,服药后34例患者出现了不同程度的不良反应,16例退出治疗,50例AIDS病人坚持抗病毒治疗半年至1年半临床症状改善率94%结论ART确实大大减轻了患者的临床症状,但不良反应较大,影响了患者的服药依从性,部分病人出现耐药,药物的组合和选择均受到限制,探索适合贫困地区抗逆转录病毒治疗的新路已是当务之急。

江苏省重大传染病防治示范区接受抗病毒治疗艾滋病病毒感染者及病人生存时间及影响因素

目的评价张家港、丹阳和泰兴3个示范区早期抗病毒治疗对降低艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)病死率的作用。方法收集3个示范区2009—2014年新加入接受抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS入组治疗时的基本情况表和随访表进行分析,随访观察截止时间为2015年12月31日。结果纳入研究对象329例,男女比3.27∶1,平均年龄(44.8±13.9)岁,已婚或同居占68.4%,感染途径主要为异性性传播(74.5%)和男男性传播(22.2%)。入组时CD4+T细胞中位数为224/μL。第6、12、24、36、48和60个月的累积生存率分别为94.5%、93.3%、88.4%、85.7%、84.7%和79.1%。入组年龄和基线CD4+T水平与研究对象生存时间有统计学关联。结论早期抗病毒治疗有效降低了HIV/AIDS患者病死率。

联合抗病毒阻断AIDS母婴传播影响因素分析

目的探索艾滋病母婴传播阻断抗逆转录病毒治疗联合方案应用的影响因素,为制定促进人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)阳性孕妇及其所生婴儿抗病毒治疗联合用药的措施提供依据。方法在云南省5个艾滋病高、中度流行县(市、区),对艾滋病母婴传播阻断中选择抗病毒治疗联合方案的影响因素进行了定量和定性调查。结果抗逆转录病毒治疗联合方案应用率为53.2%(84/158)。主要影响因素是为了子女不被感染、不让抽血的风俗习惯、交通、经济、服药怕人知道、首次咨询孕周、医生的用药倾向、知道方案数目、身体健康状况、费用承受能力、知道有副作用、阻断成功的信心。结论抗逆转录病毒治疗联台方案的应用受多种因素影响。推广联合用药方案时要针对主要影响因素开展工作。

吸毒成瘾HIV/AIDS患者抗逆转录病毒治疗的初步探讨

目的评价国产艾滋病抗病毒药物治疗吸毒成瘾艾滋病病毒感染者/病人(HIV/AIDS)的疗效及对治疗时机的探讨。方法采用回顾性研究方法,调查随访2004～2007年在北京佑安医院确诊并经抗病毒治疗的吸毒成瘾HIV/AIDS患者114例,按照疾病进展将随访对象分成艾滋病组(AIDS)和HIV感染组(freeofAIDS),所有患者均用3种抗病毒药物(奈韦拉平+司他夫定+拉米夫定)治疗,疗程48周。常规方法检测患者治疗前后血CD4+T淋巴细胞数,核酸序列扩增技术(NASBA)测定病毒载量。结果114例吸毒成瘾HIV/AIDS患者CD4细胞数平均增加(182.39±90.70)个/mm3;其中35例吸毒成瘾HIV/AIDS患者中85.71%病毒载量下降至50copies/ml以下,下降2.5个Log数;艾滋病组与HIV感染组治疗后3、6、9和12个月CD4+T淋巴细胞差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗6个月后,HIV感染组病毒载量下降趋势较艾滋病组明显,但治疗12个月后HIV感染组病毒载量较艾滋病组有反弹现象。结论吸毒成瘾HIV/AIDS患者选用国产艾滋病抗病毒药物奈韦拉平+司他夫定+拉米夫定治疗取得良好效果,并且对艾滋病患者的疗效好于HIV感染者。

中国艾滋病病毒耐药现状

艾滋病病毒(HIV)耐药产生和传播将妨碍抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)防控艾滋病的策略的实施。我国从开展免费抗病毒治疗以来,逐步推进HIV耐药监测和检测活动,形成HIV检测监测相结合耐药防控方案。中国目前主要开展传播性耐药监测、治疗前耐药和治疗后耐药评估等。全国多数地区传播性耐药处于低水平,治疗前非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂(NNRTI)的耐药流行率低于10%。病毒学失败患者约半数以上存在耐药突变。目前我国HIV耐药相对较低,部分地区耐药增加趋势,需进一步规范实施耐药监测评估。

张家港市艾滋病患者接受抗病毒治疗后生存时间及影响因素

目的了解张家港市接受抗病毒治疗的艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)生存情况及其影响因素,为后续防治工作策略的制定提供依据。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集张家港市HIV/AIDS的治疗及随访信息;采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,用Log-rank检验比较不同组别生存率,用Cox比例风险模型分析生存时间影响因素。结果纳入研究对象417例,入组时CD4^+T细胞(CD4)计数中位数为300/μl。第12、24、36、48、60个月的累积生存率分别为98.7%、97.3%、96.4%、96.4%和95.5%,至观察终点,148个月的累积生存率为95.5%。基线CD4水平与研究对象生存时间有统计学关联(HR=0.227,95%CI:0.076~0.674,P=0.008)。结论张家港市艾滋病抗病毒治疗效果稳定,生存率水平较高。

B7-H1对HIV/AIDS患者mDCs活化异源性T淋巴细胞的功能影响

目的观察HIV感染患者mDCs表面B7-H1表达对T淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响,探讨HIV/AIDS患者细胞免疫功能低下的分子机制。方法将患者和健康者来源的mDCs与异源健康者的CD3+T细胞按不同比例混合后培养,采用[3H]-TdR掺入法检测T细胞的增殖,并采用流式微球阵列分析(cytometric bead assay,CBA)检测细胞培养上清中细胞因子浓度,细胞染色检测T细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-4水平,并观察用B7-H1单克隆抗体5H1阻断B7-H1信号后的效果。结果比较患者来源、健康者来源的mDCs其刺激异源性CD3+T细胞增殖能力,结果显示患者来源mDCs其刺激能力明显降低;加入B7-H1单克隆抗体后,能够恢复患者mDCs对T细胞的刺激能力。CBA结果显示,阻断B7-H1抑制信号细胞培养上清中1型细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α、TNF-β和IL-1β的浓度明显升高,而2型细胞因子IL-4和IL-10的浓度则明显降低,且流式细胞内因子染色方法结果显示,阻断B7-H1信号能够明显提高T细胞1型细胞因子IFN-γ的产生,而产生2型细胞因子IL-4的CD3+T则减少。结论 HIV/AIDS患者T细胞功能降低可能关键由mDCs上B7-H1表达频率的升高引起,阻断B7-H1负向调控信号,T细胞的免疫功能有所恢复,可能是艾滋病的一个潜在的免疫治疗方法。

艾滋病与骨质疏松相关性的研究进展

艾滋病是免疫缺陷病毒侵入人体从而导致的疾病,就当前医学对于该病的治疗水平来看,它的病死率仍然非常高。在社会发展的过程中,艾滋病已从特殊人群进入到了普通人群。随着治疗手段的发展HIV感染者的生存期逐渐延长,一些与HIV感染相关的慢性并发症成为我们关注的热点。目前国外一些临床研究发现,感染艾滋病毒的患者,因骨密度降低导致骨质疏松和骨折风险增加,这是一个新兴的临床问题,然而在艾滋病患者这个族群中,骨质疏松是易被忽视但却是很严重的并发症之一。HIV感染者骨质疏松的患病率目前并没有可靠的数据,而患者骨量的变化可能受到许多危险因素的影响或共同作用。本文对艾滋病和骨质疏松的相关性进行了总结。