Relationship between Interaction Anxiousness,Academic Resilience,Cultural Intelligence and Ego-Identity among Chinese Vocational Pathway University Students:A Conditional Process Analysis Model

Background:University students’ego-identity,an essential component of their psychological development and mental health,has widely attracted the attention of policymakers,schools,and parents.Method:A total of 298 Chinese vocational pathway undergraduates were recruited,and a conditional process analysis model was adopted to explore the interaction mechanism of ego-identity.Results:The results suggest that the ego-identity of Chinese vocational pathway undergraduates is significantly affected by interaction anxiousness,academic resilience,and cultural intelligence.(1)Interaction anxiousness significantly and positively predicts ego-identity.(2)Academic resilience positively and partially mediates the effect of interaction anxiousness on ego-identity.(3)Cultural intelligence significantly and positively moderates the relationship between interaction anxiousness and ego-identity.However,a similar moderating effect was not found between interaction anxiousness and academic resilience.(4)As cultural intelligence increases,the negative influence of interaction anxiousness on ego-identity gradually diminishes,whatever the cultural intelligence level.Conclusions:Interaction anxiousness,academic resilience,and cultural intelligence are essential determinants of ego-identity among Chinese vocational pathway undergraduates.Strategic interventions should be utilized to enhance their abilities to alleviate interpersonal tensions,promote their resilience in facing academic difficulties,cope with diverse cultures,and boost their sense of self-confirmation.

Correlation between interaction anxiousness and sleep deprivation among undergraduate students

Sleep deprivation is a common problem among university students,it causes lowered cognitive skills,higher tend of suicide,risk-taking behavior and interaction anxiety.By using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS),the survey on the sleep quality and interaction anxiousness was carried out among 124 undergraduate students,in order to found the correlation between sleep deprivation and interaction anxiousness.The results showed a strong positive correlation between them.This study also investigates the difference of PSQI and IAS among students with varied disciplines and grades,and findings illustrated a poor sleep quality as well as poor interpersonal communication situation among university students.

More anxious than depressed:prevalence and correlates in a 15-nation study of anxiety disorders in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Anxiety disorder, one of the highly disabling, prevalent and common mental disorders, is known to be more prevalent in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than the general population, and the comorbid presence of anxiety disorders is known to have an impact on the diabetes outcome and the quality of life. However, the information on the type of anxiety disorder and its prevalence in persons with T2DM is limited. Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorder in people with type 2 diabetes in different countries. Methods People aged 18-65 years with diabetes and treated in outpatient settings were recruited in 15 countries and underwent a psychiatric interview with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Demographic and medical record data were collected. Results A total of 3170 people with type 2 diabetes (56.2% women;with mean (SD) duration of diabetes 10.01 (7.0) years) participated. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders in type 2 diabetic persons was 18%;however, 2.8% of the study population had more than one type of anxiety disorder. The most prevalent anxiety disorders were generalised anxiety disorder (8.1%) and panic disorder (5.1%). Female gender, presence of diabetic complications, longer duration of diabetes and poorer glycaemic control (HbA1c levels) were significantly associated with comorbid anxiety disorder. A higher prevalence of anxiety disorders was observed in Ukraine, Saudi Arabia and Argentina with a lower prevalence in Bangladesh and India. Conclusions Our international study shows that people with type 2 diabetes have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders, especially women, those with diabetic complications, those with a longer duration of diabetes and poorer glycaemic control. Early identification and appropriate timely care of psychiatric problems of people with type 2 diabetes is warranted.

Acute toxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in the anxious mood of rats

BACKGROUND： The long-term neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine （MDMA） mainly caused by repeated exposure to MDMA or a single big dose of MDMA, which results in degeneration of serotonin terminal of central nervous system, and someone believe that the great release of serotonin transmitter in central nervous system will lead to anxious mood. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of anxiety related behaviors in rats after single administration of different doses of MDMA. DESIGN： A randomized control study SETTING： Laboratory of Psychopharmacology of the Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. MATERIALS： Thirty male adult Wistar rats, weighing （251.3＋18.34） g, were used, MDMA were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, and dissolved in saline. All the doses of the drug were administered in a volume of 1 mg/kg. METHODS ： The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Psychopharmacology of the Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University in July 2003. ①The rats were randomly divided into control group （n=6） and experimental group （n=24）, and then those in the latter were randomly assigned into four subgroups of MDMA 3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg groups, with 6 rats in each, which were administrated by single intraperitoneal injection of MDMA 3, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively, and those in the control group were administrated by single intraperitoneal injection of saline of the same volume. ② The open field test, elevated plus-maze test and social interaction test were performed immediately after administration. For the open field test, the apparatus was situated in a darkened room, illuminated by a single 60 W white light bulb located approximately 60 cm above the center of the open field. Before administration, all the rats were placed into the open field to be familiar with the open field for 5 minutes. They were observed for 45 minutes after administration. The locomotion （number of squares the rat passes）, rearing response, time spent in central squares and defecation were observed, 1 minute for each time for a total of 9 times. For the elevated plus-maze test, the maze was situated in a quiet darkened room, illuminated by a single 60 W white light bulb located approximately 50 cm above the center of the maze. Arm entries were only counted when all the four paws had entered either a closed or an open arm within 5 minutes, and the time spent in the arms were observed. For the social interaction test, the matched rats were put into the arena head-to-head in opposite direction, and aggressive-type behaviors, avoidance, passive and exploration were observed. ③ The one-way analysis of variance was performed with the SPSS 10.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The results of open field test, elevated plus-maze test and social interaction test were observed. RESULTS： All the 30 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of open field test： After single administration of MDMA of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, the dose-dependent Iocomotors （number of squares the rat passes） in the experimental groups were obviously higher than those in the control group [（21.67±17,55）, （34.44±19.47）, （33.48±23.34）, （7.31 ±6,02） s; P 〈 0.05], and the rearing responses were markedly lower than those in the control group [（0.70±1.71）, （0.96±1.68）, （0.39±0.88）, （1.37±1.59） s, P 〈 0.05]. ② Results of the elevated plus-maze test： After acute administration of MDMA, there were no differences between the MDMA subgroups and saline group in the number of open-arms entries, the open-arms time, the percent of number of open arm entries/total arm entries, and the percent of time spent on the open arms/total time （P 〉 0.05）.③ Results of the social international test： After acute administration of MDMA, there were no differences between the MDMA subgroups and saline group in the aggressive-type behaviors, avoidance, passive, exploration and total time of interaction （P 〉 0.05） CONCLUSION： The acute administration of MDMA has no obvious influence on the anxiety-related behaviors of rats.

“What Is in a Name?”: “Illegal Pete’s” and the Normalization of Violence Against Mexicans in the United States

On December 2015,a new restaurant opened next to the University of Arizona campus,in Tucson.Its name was“Illegal Pete’s”and it sold Mexican food.The presence of this establishment led to an intense backlash between several University of Arizona students and the owner of the restaurant as they argued over the use of the world“illegal”.This paper reflects on the construction of“illegality”,its meaning and consequences on lived experiences.Drawing on Bakhtin’s analysis of words and his concepts of“single-voiced”and“double-voiced”discourses,I examine how the word“illegal”perpetuates and normalizes discrimination,criminalization,and racism towards Mexican-origin people and leads to feelings of anxious belonging.

Vomeronasal organ lesion disrupts social odor recognition, behaviors and fitness in golden hamsters

Most studies support the viewpoint that the vomeronasal organ has a profound effect on conspecific odor recog­nition,scent marking and mating behavior in the golden hamster(Mesocricetus auratus).However,the role of the vomeronasal organ in social odor recognition,social interaction and fitness is not well understood.There­fore,we conducted a series of behavioral and physiological tests to examine the referred points in golden ham­ster.We found that male hamsters with vomeronasal organ lesion showed no preference between a predator odor(the anal gland secretion of the Siberian weasels(Mustela sibirica)and putative female pheromone components(myristic acid and palmitic acid),but were still able to discriminate between these 2 kinds of odors.In behavior­al tests of anxiety,we found that vomeronasal organ removal causes female hamsters to spend much less time in center grids and to cross fewer center grids and males to make fewer crossings between light and dark boxes than sham-operated controls.This indicates that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion induced anxious responses in females.In aggressive behavioral tests,we found that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion decreased agonistic behavior in female hamsters but not in males.The pup growth and litter size show no differences between the 2 groups.All together,our data suggested that vomeronasal organ ablation disrupted the olfactory recognition of social chemosignals in males,and induced anxiety-like and aggressive behavior changes in females.However,a vomeronasal organ lesion did not affect the reproductive capacity and fitness of hamsters.Our studies may have important implications concerning the role of the vomeronasal organ in golden hamsters and also in rodents.