磷胁迫对不同油茶优良无性系Apase活性的影响

为揭示磷素胁迫条件下油茶无性系Apase的变化规律和筛选磷高效利用型油茶无性系,通过沙培试验设计3种磷素处理水平(0、0.05、0.5mmol/L),进行磷胁迫条件下不同油茶无性系Apase活性的比较研究。结果表明:低磷处理(P0、P1)根系分泌、根系和叶片APase活性均明显高于正常供磷处理(P2);不同油茶无性系对磷缺乏的适应性存在明显差异,在低磷胁迫下,‘湘林81’、‘湘林4’根系分泌性Apase活性较强,表明其能较好利用土壤中的难溶性磷来适应低磷环境;‘湘林67’具有较高的根系和叶片Apase活性,表明其能有效地重复利用自身体内的有机磷来适应低磷环境。相关性分析表明根系APase活性与净光合速率存在较大的正相关性,叶片APase活性与净光合速率存在一定的正相关性。

小麦代换系幼苗根系对低磷胁迫的生理响应暗示的染色体效应

【目的】以CS(Chinese Spring,中国春)–Synthetic 6x代换系为材料,研究小麦代换系幼苗根系对低磷胁迫的生理响应,并对相关性状进行染色体定位,为小麦耐低磷基因型的遗传改良提供理论依据。【方法】将母本中国春、父本Synthetic 6x以及代换系种子放于培养皿,于光照培养箱中培养5 d,选择长势一致的健壮幼苗去掉胚乳,移入Hoagland营养液(p H=6.0)中培养。两叶一心时进行处理,设置正常供磷为对照(磷浓度为2 mmol/L)和低磷胁迫(磷浓度为20μmol/L)两个处理,四叶一心时对不同磷处理下代换系幼苗的根冠比、根系活力、酸性磷酸酶(APase)和核糖核酸酶(RNase)活性等生理指标进行测定。【结果】低磷胁迫下,小麦代换系苗期根冠比显著升高,APase和RNase活性增强,根系活力降低;与母本中国春相比,4A、4B、6B、1D、2D和7D代换系根冠比和相对根冠比显著或极显著升高,1A、2A、3A、5A、3B、7B、2D、3D、5D和7D代换系的根系活力和相对根系活力显著或极显著增高,4A、1D和4D代换系根系的酸性磷酸酶活性及相对磷酸酶活性均显著或极显著升高,2A、6B、4D代换系根系的RNase活性和相对RNase活性显著或极显著增高。【结论】低磷胁迫下,Synthetic 6x的4A、4B、6B、2D和7D染色体上可能存在诱导根冠比升高的基因;1A、2A、3A、5A、3B,7B、2D、3D、5D和7D染色体上可能存在诱导根系活力增强的基因;4A、1D和4D染色体上可能存在诱导根系酸性磷酸酶活性增强的基因;2A、6B和4D染色体上可能存在诱导根系RNase活性增强的基因。即Synthetic 6x的第四染色体(4A、4B、4D)上可能存在调控根系相关特性的关键基因。

异源表达白羽扇豆酸性磷酸酶基因对白三叶草磷吸收的影响

利用子叶下胚轴为外植体,通过农杆菌Ti质粒介导遗传转化途径,建立了表达白羽扇豆酸性磷酸酶基因(APase)的白三叶草转基因系。PCR检测发现,APase基因已整合到转基因植株的基因组中。Northern印迹分析表明,APase基因在部分转基因系中高水平表达。此外,在异源表达APase的白三叶草中,位于APase上游的Patatin信号肽具有将翻译产物引导至细胞间隙和根际的能力。在以植酸盐为唯一磷素供源的条件下,与转化空载体的对照植株相比,高水平表达APase的白三叶草转基因系植株的磷素累积量、鲜重和干重显著增加。结果表明,异源表达白羽扇豆APase基因能明显增强白三叶草吸收有机态磷的能力。

大葱叶片推陈出新中细胞内含物的再分配

大葱储藏过程中,新生叶片长出所需的营养来自衰老叶片储藏物质的再分配。电镜观察表明大葱叶鞘细胞结构变化表现出典型的编程性死亡特征;部分解体的原生质组分可能以囊泡迁移方式参与运输;酶定位显示在衰退叶鞘细胞的质膜、细胞壁和胞间连丝上有较高ATPase和APase活性,为该运输过程是依赖能量的主动运输补充了证据。

无穷观问题的研究(Ⅴ)——一个兼容实无限与潜无限的公理集合论系统APAS

本组系列论文 ( )～ ( )从数学和认识论的角度系统地研究了无穷观问题的历史发展和现状 ,确立了无穷观背景世界的三分法原则 ,指出了两种无穷观相互排斥的局限性 ,形成了统一两种无穷于同一框架中的基本观点 ,并建立了一个统一实无限与潜无限于同一框架中的公理集合论系统 APAS。

基于多维摄像系统的人体上肢动态测量

由三架或三架以上普通摄像机、运动学分析软件APAS以及标定框架等构成多维摄像系统。在建立上肢运动模型的基础上,对附着体表的人工标记点的运动进行跟踪测量,利用运动学分析软件APAS分析得到标记点的空间运动坐标,通过设计优化算法程序获得人体上肢的空间运动参数。

基于APAS影像解析系统的数据误差来源探讨

本文通过对APAS(Ariel performance analysis system)三维运动解析系统在实际使用、操作过程中,不同模块的功能对最终的解析数据所产生的误差进行总结与分析,旨在帮助初步接触APAS运动解析软件的人员在对相关的动作技术进行分析时减少误差,使解析所得数据能够更加客观真实的反映所测动作技术。

Changes of the Biomass and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Maize(Zea mays L.) Lines Under Low-P Stress

A pot culture trial was conducted to investigate the changes of the biomass and acid phosphatase （APase） activity in 10 maize lines under low-P stress. P-deficiency significantly decreased the biomass, but induced the significant enhancement of the APase activity. Since P-deficiency had smaller effects on the low-P tolerant maize lines compared with P-sensitive lines, it was demonstrated that differences of tolerance to P-deficiency existed among 10 different maize lines. In addition, the relative biomass and APase activity changed during the vegetative stage of development, and there existed a significant correlation between the biomass and APase activity under low-P stress. These results suggest that the biomass and APase activity can be regarded as indicative traits of maize lines for tolerance to low-P stress at seedling stage.

基于APAS的人体上肢运动分析

为了得到人体上肢关节运动数据,利用多维摄像系统,拍摄人体上肢在日常生活中的典型活动。通过设计标记点在人体上肢的布置和建立的人体上肢运动学模型,应用人体运动分析系统APAS分析处理体表标志点的运动,从而得到相应人体部位的运动。该研究可为建立人体上肢有源仿生机构和设计康复器材提供数据来源。

费德勒正手击球的APAS系统视频解析

本文以费德勒的正手击球动作为研究对象,通过三维运动解析(APAS)系统视频,对其正手击球过程进行解析,意图通过对其正手击球时的站位、引拍、挥拍、击球、随挥动作以及头部配合进行分析,探析得出其正手击球时能量的产生和传递,分析在击球瞬间线速度转化成击球力量的过程,本文研究对正确学习网球正手击球动作过程和提高正手击球攻击效果有重要参考意义。

带感应外壳的机器人充当助手

通过由“Apasassistant”、“Apasinspector”以及“Apasbase”组成的Apas系列机器人系统，Bosch公司希望展示未来网络化产业将采用哪些技术，在智能、联网和灵活的企业即智能工厂中，人、机器和产品这三者之间应互换信息并相互协作，可立即投入使用的Apas自动化方案对此尤为适合，根据使用企业的反馈，这些自动化方案可以将人们从危险、繁重、单调以及脏乱的工作中完全解放出来，去完成更有价值的工作，同时它们有别于传统的工业机器人系统，可移动、灵活而且使用时无需保护。

机器人系统 带感应外壳的机器人充当助手

通过由“Apasassistant”、“Apasinspector”以及“Apasbase”组成的Apas系列机器人系统，Bosch公司希望展示未来网络化产业将采用哪些技术，在智能、联网和灵活的企业即智能工厂中，人、机器和产品这三者之间应互换信息并相互协作，可立即投入使用的Apas自动化方案对此尤为适合，根据使用企业的反馈，

“乘员探索飞行器”将装备与空间站对接的接口

美国航空航天局已正式要求承包商们考虑一种5m直径的“乘员探索飞行器”，同时需要使这种飞行器具有能与航天飞机APAS对接机构兼容的接口。APAS对接机构用于与“国际空间站”对接。

Overexpression of OsPAP10a, A Root-Associated Acid Phosphatase, Increased Extracellular Organic Phosphorus Utilization in Rice

Phosphorus （P） deficiency is a major limitation for plant growth and development. Among the wide set of responses to cope with low soil P, plants increase their level of intracellular and secreted acid phosphatases （APases）, which helps to catalyze inorganic phosphate （Pi） hydrolysis from organophosphates, in this study we characterized the rice （Oryza sativa） purple acid phosphatase 10a （OsPAPIOa）. OsPAPIOa belongs to group la of purple acid phosphatases （PAPs）, and clusters with the principal secreted PAPs in a variety of plant species including Arabidopsis. The transcript abundance of OsPAPIOa is specifically induced by Pi deficiency and is controlled by OsPHR2, the central transcription factor controlling Pi homeostasis. In gel activity assays of root and shoot protein extracts, it was revealed that OsPAPIOa is a major acid phosphatase isoform induced by Pi starvation. Constitutive overexpression of OsPAPIOa results in a significant increase of phosphatase activity in both shoot and root protein extracts. In vivo root 5-bromo.4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate （BCIP） assays and activity measurements on external media showed that OsPAPIOa is a root-associated APase. Furthermore, overexpression of OsPAPIOa significantly improved ATP hydrolysis and utilization compared with wild type plants. These results indicate that OsPAPIOa can potentially be used for crop breeding to improve the efficiency of P use.

Analysis of the contribution of acid phosphatase to P efficiency in Brassica napus under low phosphorus conditions

To understand whether genotypic variation in acid phosphatase (APase) activity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) induced by phosphorus (P) deficiency has impact on P efficiency,soil APase activity in the rhizosphere for rapeseed P-efficient genotype 102 and P-inefficient genotype 105 was measured against organic and inorganic P sources in the pot experiment,and the activities of root-secreted APase and leaf intracellular APase were investigated in different P-starvation periods in the nutrient solution.Higher activity of root-secreted APase in B.napus was induced under low P conditions.However,P nutrition and P uptake efficiency of the plants supplied with organic P were not directly related to the activity of root-secreted APase due to several confounding factors affecting APase availability.The higher activity of leaf APase improved P remobilization in plants and played important roles in enhancing P use efficiency,shown by the significant correlation between leaf APase activity and P use efficiency in a rapeseed recombinant inbred population of 135 lines.

Acid Phosphatase Activity May Affect the Tuber Swelling by Partially Regulating Sucrose-mediated Sugar Resorption in Potato

APase activity is involved in regulating many physiological and developmental events by affecting the resorption process. In this study, we investigate the role of APase activity in tuber development in potato. APase activities were mainly localized in cytoplasm, gaps among cells and stroma of amyloplasts of parenchyma cells at the stage of tuber swelling. AP1, encoding a putative APase, was also highly expressed in swelling tubers and a low level of expression was observed in elongated stolons and matured tubers. Inhibition of APase activity by applying Brefeldin A, an inhibitor of APase production and secretion, significantly suppressed the tuber swelling and moderately affected the stolon elongation and the tuberization frequency. During tuber development, sucrose serves as the main soluble sugar for long-distance transportation and resorption. Moreover, inhibition of APase activity by Brefeldin A markedly reduced the sucrose content in tubers and further decreased the starch accumulation, suggesting that the function of APase in regulating the tuber swelling might be at least partially mediated by the sugar resorption. Exogenous sucrose treatments further indicate the important role of sucrose-mediated sugar resorption in tuber swelling. These results suggest that the APase activity might affect the tuber swelling by partially regulating the sucrose-mediated sugar resorption.

公共广播系统在民航机场中的应用

本文着重介绍公共广播系统，以及在民航机场中的应用特点和要点，以利于人事机场广播系统的部门对该系统作进一步了解，有利于机场提高服务水平。