Flavonoids have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activities that moderate endothelial dysfunction and demonstrate protective effects on cardiovascular disease. Our previous studies confirmed that flavonoids...Flavonoids have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activities that moderate endothelial dysfunction and demonstrate protective effects on cardiovascular disease. Our previous studies confirmed that flavonoids, including hesperidin, naringin and nobiletin, inhibited thrombogenesis and hypertension in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) by protecting the endothelium from the adverse effects of free radical formation. We have now further investigated the protective effects of myricetin and hesperidin on cerebral thrombosis and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E (apoE) and lowdensity lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficient (Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- double knockout) mice. Three groups of mice were fed high fat diet alone and high fat diet mixed with myricetin (100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day) or glucosyl hesperidin (G-hesperidin;250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. There were no differences in body weight related to administration of the flavonoids. Thrombotic tendency was assessed using a He-Ne laser technique in the murine cerebral pial vessels. In addition, atherogenesis was quantified histologically after dissection of the aorta from each mouse and staining with Oil Red O solution. The percentages of stained area to whole area of dissected aorta were calculated as indices of anti-atherogenic activity. Both myricetin and G-hesperidin significantly inhibited thrombogenesis in vivo and significantly inhibited atherogenesis compared to control mice (p < 0.001). These findings demonstrated that daily intake of myricetin and hesperidin suppressed the development of atherogenesis and thrombogenesis, possibly associated with the potent antioxidant effects of the flavonoids.展开更多
目的探讨截断型(trauncated)载脂蛋白(Apo)E对β-淀粉样蛋白代谢的影响。方法对N2a细胞进行培养,利用pEGFP-ApoE4或pEGFP-T-ApoE4质粒进行转染后制备条件培养基,利用荧光法检测全长ApoE4和truncated-ApoE4与Aβ42的结合能力,并对与Aβ4...目的探讨截断型(trauncated)载脂蛋白(Apo)E对β-淀粉样蛋白代谢的影响。方法对N2a细胞进行培养,利用pEGFP-ApoE4或pEGFP-T-ApoE4质粒进行转染后制备条件培养基,利用荧光法检测全长ApoE4和truncated-ApoE4与Aβ42的结合能力,并对与Aβ42结合复合物对SDS的稳定性进行检测,利用荧光显微镜对truncated-ApoE4和全长ApoE4对影响N2a细胞结合和摄取Aβ42情况进行观察。结果当Aβ42浓度≤100 nmol/L时,truncated-ApoE4组荧光强度均低于全长ApoE4组;进行含SDS聚丙烯凝胶电泳时,两组均在6 k D的位置处出现条带,而在43 k D处的条带明显变窄,truncated-ApoE4组大约是原来的30%,ApoE4组大约为原来的55%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);truncated-ApoE4组N2a细胞结合和摄取Aβ42数量均少于全长ApoE4组(P<0.05)。结论 truncated-ApoE4与Aβ42结合能力减弱,形成的复合物稳定性降低,可以显著影响N2a细胞对Aβ42的结合和摄取作用,抑制truncated-ApoE4产生为AD预防和治疗提供新的研究方向。展开更多
目的:观察新活络效灵丹对ApoE基因敲除小鼠AS早期斑块的病理形态学改变及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达的影响,探讨新活络效灵丹抗AS早期斑块的可能机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养ApoE基因敲除小鼠建立AS模型,将45只小鼠随机分为模型组、...目的:观察新活络效灵丹对ApoE基因敲除小鼠AS早期斑块的病理形态学改变及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达的影响,探讨新活络效灵丹抗AS早期斑块的可能机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养ApoE基因敲除小鼠建立AS模型,将45只小鼠随机分为模型组、西药组、中药组,另将C57BL/6J小鼠10只设为空白对照组。在造模的同时即给予药物干预,空白对照组不予处理,模型组予以生理盐水0.3 m L/d,中药组给予新活络效灵丹9.67 g/(kg·d),西药组给予阿托伐他汀钙片3.33 mg/(kg·d),均每日灌胃1次,连续给药13周。取主动脉根部,HE染色进行病理观察,采用RT-PCR技术检测各组TGF-βmRNA的表达水平。结果:模型组主动脉内形成明显的AS斑块,并出现脂质核心,泡沫细胞增多,大量的巨噬细胞的浸润;西药组管壁可见AS斑块,斑块面积明显小于模型组;中药组斑块面积显著减少,部分内膜较为光滑。模型组小鼠主动脉组织中TGF-βmRNA表达水平明显低于空白对照组(P<0.01);西药组、中药组小鼠主动脉组织中TGF-βmRNA表达水平明显高于模型对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而中药组小鼠主动脉组织中TGF-βmRNA表达水平高于西药组,但2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:新活络效灵丹在一定程度上可通过上调保护性因子TGF-β以抑制免疫炎性反应,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,可能是其防治AS早期斑块的形成机制之一。展开更多
AIM:To investigate the impacts of angiotensin II(Ang II)on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient(apoE^(-/-))mice.METHODS:ApoE^(-/-)male mice were infused by minipumps with Ang II at 1000 ng/kg·min(...AIM:To investigate the impacts of angiotensin II(Ang II)on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient(apoE^(-/-))mice.METHODS:ApoE^(-/-)male mice were infused by minipumps with Ang II at 1000 ng/kg·min(Ang II group)or saline(control group)for 28d.They were underwent ophthalmic fundus examination on day 0,14,and 28 of infusion.Histopathologic examination,ribonucleic acid(RNA)sequencing and local Ang II measurement of retinas were conducted.RESULTS:Ophthalmic fundus examination showed Ang II infusion promoted the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions on day 28.Optical coherence tomography revealed the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer(GCIPL)thickness in the control group was significantly thinner than that in Ang II group(P<0.001).Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated diffused swelling of GCIPL layer and its disordered structure in Ang II group.Transmission electron microscopy showed Ang II infusion caused aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions,including increased swelling,roughness,disorganization of the retinal vasculature,and vacuoles formation.RNA-sequencing and gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that the structure and function of cellular membrane might be disturbed and visual function might be compromised by Ang II.The local level of Ang II was higher in Ang II infusion group but did not show significant differences compared to the control group(P=0.086).CONCLUSION:Ang II infusion promotes the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions in apoE^(-/-)mice,causing aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions,more severe disorganization of the retinal vasculature and disturbance of the cellular membrane.展开更多
文摘Flavonoids have been reported to possess strong antioxidant activities that moderate endothelial dysfunction and demonstrate protective effects on cardiovascular disease. Our previous studies confirmed that flavonoids, including hesperidin, naringin and nobiletin, inhibited thrombogenesis and hypertension in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) by protecting the endothelium from the adverse effects of free radical formation. We have now further investigated the protective effects of myricetin and hesperidin on cerebral thrombosis and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E (apoE) and lowdensity lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficient (Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- double knockout) mice. Three groups of mice were fed high fat diet alone and high fat diet mixed with myricetin (100 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day) or glucosyl hesperidin (G-hesperidin;250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. There were no differences in body weight related to administration of the flavonoids. Thrombotic tendency was assessed using a He-Ne laser technique in the murine cerebral pial vessels. In addition, atherogenesis was quantified histologically after dissection of the aorta from each mouse and staining with Oil Red O solution. The percentages of stained area to whole area of dissected aorta were calculated as indices of anti-atherogenic activity. Both myricetin and G-hesperidin significantly inhibited thrombogenesis in vivo and significantly inhibited atherogenesis compared to control mice (p < 0.001). These findings demonstrated that daily intake of myricetin and hesperidin suppressed the development of atherogenesis and thrombogenesis, possibly associated with the potent antioxidant effects of the flavonoids.
文摘目的探讨截断型(trauncated)载脂蛋白(Apo)E对β-淀粉样蛋白代谢的影响。方法对N2a细胞进行培养,利用pEGFP-ApoE4或pEGFP-T-ApoE4质粒进行转染后制备条件培养基,利用荧光法检测全长ApoE4和truncated-ApoE4与Aβ42的结合能力,并对与Aβ42结合复合物对SDS的稳定性进行检测,利用荧光显微镜对truncated-ApoE4和全长ApoE4对影响N2a细胞结合和摄取Aβ42情况进行观察。结果当Aβ42浓度≤100 nmol/L时,truncated-ApoE4组荧光强度均低于全长ApoE4组;进行含SDS聚丙烯凝胶电泳时,两组均在6 k D的位置处出现条带,而在43 k D处的条带明显变窄,truncated-ApoE4组大约是原来的30%,ApoE4组大约为原来的55%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);truncated-ApoE4组N2a细胞结合和摄取Aβ42数量均少于全长ApoE4组(P<0.05)。结论 truncated-ApoE4与Aβ42结合能力减弱,形成的复合物稳定性降低,可以显著影响N2a细胞对Aβ42的结合和摄取作用,抑制truncated-ApoE4产生为AD预防和治疗提供新的研究方向。
文摘目的:观察新活络效灵丹对ApoE基因敲除小鼠AS早期斑块的病理形态学改变及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达的影响,探讨新活络效灵丹抗AS早期斑块的可能机制。方法:采用高脂饲料喂养ApoE基因敲除小鼠建立AS模型,将45只小鼠随机分为模型组、西药组、中药组,另将C57BL/6J小鼠10只设为空白对照组。在造模的同时即给予药物干预,空白对照组不予处理,模型组予以生理盐水0.3 m L/d,中药组给予新活络效灵丹9.67 g/(kg·d),西药组给予阿托伐他汀钙片3.33 mg/(kg·d),均每日灌胃1次,连续给药13周。取主动脉根部,HE染色进行病理观察,采用RT-PCR技术检测各组TGF-βmRNA的表达水平。结果:模型组主动脉内形成明显的AS斑块,并出现脂质核心,泡沫细胞增多,大量的巨噬细胞的浸润;西药组管壁可见AS斑块,斑块面积明显小于模型组;中药组斑块面积显著减少,部分内膜较为光滑。模型组小鼠主动脉组织中TGF-βmRNA表达水平明显低于空白对照组(P<0.01);西药组、中药组小鼠主动脉组织中TGF-βmRNA表达水平明显高于模型对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),而中药组小鼠主动脉组织中TGF-βmRNA表达水平高于西药组,但2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:新活络效灵丹在一定程度上可通过上调保护性因子TGF-β以抑制免疫炎性反应,发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,可能是其防治AS早期斑块的形成机制之一。
基金Supported by Peking Union Medical College Hospital Deposit Integration Commission Funds(No.ZC201904168).
文摘AIM:To investigate the impacts of angiotensin II(Ang II)on retinal artery changes in apolipoprotein E deficient(apoE^(-/-))mice.METHODS:ApoE^(-/-)male mice were infused by minipumps with Ang II at 1000 ng/kg·min(Ang II group)or saline(control group)for 28d.They were underwent ophthalmic fundus examination on day 0,14,and 28 of infusion.Histopathologic examination,ribonucleic acid(RNA)sequencing and local Ang II measurement of retinas were conducted.RESULTS:Ophthalmic fundus examination showed Ang II infusion promoted the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions on day 28.Optical coherence tomography revealed the ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer(GCIPL)thickness in the control group was significantly thinner than that in Ang II group(P<0.001).Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated diffused swelling of GCIPL layer and its disordered structure in Ang II group.Transmission electron microscopy showed Ang II infusion caused aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions,including increased swelling,roughness,disorganization of the retinal vasculature,and vacuoles formation.RNA-sequencing and gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that the structure and function of cellular membrane might be disturbed and visual function might be compromised by Ang II.The local level of Ang II was higher in Ang II infusion group but did not show significant differences compared to the control group(P=0.086).CONCLUSION:Ang II infusion promotes the formation of retinal arterial aneurysm-like lesions in apoE^(-/-)mice,causing aggravation of atherosclerotic lesions,more severe disorganization of the retinal vasculature and disturbance of the cellular membrane.
