Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1（ApoB/ApoA-1） ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke（IS） or coronary heart disease（CHD） in a...Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1（ApoB/ApoA-1） ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke（IS） or coronary heart disease（CHD） in a Mongolian population in China.Methods From June 2003 to July 2012,2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation.All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein（CRP） level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio.Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios（HRs） and 95% confidence intervals（CIs） for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.Results The HRs（95% CI） for IS and CHD were 1.33（0.84-2.12）,1.14（0.69-1.88）,and 1.91（1.17-3.11） in the ‘low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇,‘high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1＇,and ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroups,respectively,in comparison with the ‘low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroup.The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroup,with statistical significance.Conclusion High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population.This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.展开更多
Immune-driven inflammation plays an important part inatherogenesis and is therefore believed to be key to thedevelopment of cardiovascular disease(CVD), whichis currently the leading cause of death in the Westernworld...Immune-driven inflammation plays an important part inatherogenesis and is therefore believed to be key to thedevelopment of cardiovascular disease(CVD), whichis currently the leading cause of death in the Westernworld. By fulfilling some of the Koch postulates, athero-genesis has even been proposed to be considered as anautoimmune disease, raising the hope that CVD couldbe prevented by immunomodulation. Nevertheless,the role of the immune system and autoimmune reac-tions in atherosclerosis appear to be a double edged-sword, with both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenicattributes. Hence, if immunomodulation is to becomea therapeutic option for atherosclerosis and CVD, it willbe crucial to correctly identify patients who might ben-efit from targeted suppression of deleterious autoim-mune responses. This could be achieved, for example, by the detection of disease-associated autoantibodies. In this work, we will review the currently available clini-cal, in vitro, and animal studies dedicated to autoan-tibodies against apolipoprotein A-1(anti-apoA-1 IgG), the major proteic fraction of high density lipoprotein. Current clinical studies indicate that high levels of anti-apoA-1 IgG are associated with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. In addition, in vitro and animal studies indi-cate a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic role, sup-porting the hypothesis that these autoantibodies may play a direct causal role in CVD, and furthermore that they could potentially represent a therapeutic target for CVD in the future.展开更多
Apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ(APOA-Ⅱ) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)synthesized mainly by the liver and to a much lesser extent by the intestine. Transgenic mice overexpressing huma...Apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ(APOA-Ⅱ) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)synthesized mainly by the liver and to a much lesser extent by the intestine. Transgenic mice overexpressing human APOA-Ⅱ present abnormal lipoprotein composition and are prone to atherosclerosis, though in humans the role for APOA-Ⅱ in coronary heart disease remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ on HDL structure and function, adipose tissue metabolic activity, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOA-Ⅱ or a control adenovirus Ad GFP, and five days post-infection blood and tissue samples were isolated. APOA-Ⅱ expression resulted in distinct changes in HDL apoproteome that correlated with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. No effects on cholesterol efflux from RAW 264.7 macrophages were observed. Molecular analyses in white adipose tissue(WAT) indicated a stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation coupled with respiration for ATP production in mice overexpressing APOA-Ⅱ. Finally, overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ improved glucose tolerance of mice but had no effect on the response to exogenously administered insulin. In summary, expression of APOA-Ⅱ in C57BL/6 mice results in pleiotropic effects with respect to HDL functionality, adipose tissue metabolism and glucose utilization, many of which are beneficial to health.展开更多
Apolipoprotein（apo） A-V is a novel member of the class of exchangeable apo＇s involved in triacylglycerol（TG）homeostasis.Whereas a portion of hepatic-derived apoA-V is secreted into plasma and functions to facilit...Apolipoprotein（apo） A-V is a novel member of the class of exchangeable apo＇s involved in triacylglycerol（TG）homeostasis.Whereas a portion of hepatic-derived apoA-V is secreted into plasma and functions to facilitate lipoprotein Iipase-mediated TG hydrolysis,another portion is recovered intracellularly,in association with cytosolic lipid droplets.Loss of apo A-V function is positively correlated with elevated plasma TG and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP） in the APOA5 locus can affect transcription efficiency or introduce deleterious amino acid substitutions.Likewise,rare mutations in APOA5 that compromise functionality are associated with increased plasma TG and premature myocardial infarction.Genetically engineered mouse models and human population studies suggest that,in certain instances,supplementation with wild type（WT） apoA-V may have therapeutic benefit.It is hypothesized that individuals that manifest elevated plasma TG owing to deleterious APOA5 SNPs or rare mutations would respond to WT apoA-V supplementation with improved plasma TG clearance.On the other hand,subjects with hypertriglyceridemia of independent origin（unrelated to apoA-V function） may not respond to apoA-V augmentation in this manner.Improvement in the ability to identify individuals predicted to benefit,advances in gene transfer technology and the strong connection between HTG and heart disease,point to apoA-V supplementation as a viable disease prevention / therapeutic strategy.Candidates would include individuals that manifest chronic TG elevation,have low plasma apoA-V due to an APOA5 mutation/polymorphism and not have deleterious mutations/polymorphisms in other genes known to influence plasma TG levels.展开更多
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatits,AP)是常见的一种急腹症,死亡率极高,其病因及发病机制尚未完全明确,是目前研究的热点.其中,高脂血症(hyperlipidemia,HL)与AP关系的研究越来越受到重视,而基因突变尤其是脂蛋白脂肪酶(lipoprotein lipase,...急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatits,AP)是常见的一种急腹症,死亡率极高,其病因及发病机制尚未完全明确,是目前研究的热点.其中,高脂血症(hyperlipidemia,HL)与AP关系的研究越来越受到重视,而基因突变尤其是脂蛋白脂肪酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)、甘油磷酸肌醇锚定高密度脂蛋白结合蛋白1(glycosylphosphatidylinositol high density lipoprotein-binding protein1,GPIHBP1)及载脂蛋白A-Ⅴ(apolipo-proteinA-Ⅴ,apoA-Ⅴ)的基因突变对HL特别是高乳糜微粒血症及随之发生的复发性胰腺炎的影响最为显著.本文就这3个蛋白的相关基因突变在高脂血症性胰腺炎发病中的作用研究进展作一综述.展开更多
METHODS： We determined the serum level of apolipoprotein A-I （APO A-I）, haptoglobin （HPT） and a-2 macroglobulin （A2I） with an automatic nephelometer in 63 children （age range 4-17 years, mean 10 years） with b...METHODS： We determined the serum level of apolipoprotein A-I （APO A-I）, haptoglobin （HPT） and a-2 macroglobulin （A2I） with an automatic nephelometer in 63 children （age range 4-17 years, mean 10 years） with biopsy-verified chronic HBeAg-positive hepatitis B. Fibrosis stage and inflammation grade were assessed in a blinded fashion according to Batts and Ludwig. We defined mild liver fibrosis as a score ≤2 and advanced fibrosis as a score equal to 3. ROC analysis was used to calculate the power of the assays to detect advanced liver fibrosis （AccuROC, Canada）. RESULTS： Serum concentrations of APO A-I, HPT and A2M were not significantly different in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to controls. However, APO A-I level of 1.19 ng/L had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 60.7% （AUC = 0.7117, P = 0.035） to predict advanced fibrosis. All other serum biochemical markers and their combination did not allow a useful prediction. None of these markers was a good predictor of histologic inflammation. CONCLUSION： Apolipoprotein A-I may be a suitable serum marker to predict advanced liver fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.30972531 and 81320108026)a project of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Objective We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1（ApoB/ApoA-1） ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke（IS） or coronary heart disease（CHD） in a Mongolian population in China.Methods From June 2003 to July 2012,2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation.All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein（CRP） level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio.Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios（HRs） and 95% confidence intervals（CIs） for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.Results The HRs（95% CI） for IS and CHD were 1.33（0.84-2.12）,1.14（0.69-1.88）,and 1.91（1.17-3.11） in the ‘low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇,‘high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1＇,and ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroups,respectively,in comparison with the ‘low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroup.The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the ‘high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1＇ subgroup,with statistical significance.Conclusion High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population.This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.
基金Supported by Swiss National Science Foundation Grants to Dr.Vuilleumier N No.310030_140736and to Dr.Montecucco F No.32003B_134963/1a grant from the Foundation"Gustave and Simone Prévot"to Dr.Montecucco F
文摘Immune-driven inflammation plays an important part inatherogenesis and is therefore believed to be key to thedevelopment of cardiovascular disease(CVD), whichis currently the leading cause of death in the Westernworld. By fulfilling some of the Koch postulates, athero-genesis has even been proposed to be considered as anautoimmune disease, raising the hope that CVD couldbe prevented by immunomodulation. Nevertheless,the role of the immune system and autoimmune reac-tions in atherosclerosis appear to be a double edged-sword, with both pro-atherogenic and anti-atherogenicattributes. Hence, if immunomodulation is to becomea therapeutic option for atherosclerosis and CVD, it willbe crucial to correctly identify patients who might ben-efit from targeted suppression of deleterious autoim-mune responses. This could be achieved, for example, by the detection of disease-associated autoantibodies. In this work, we will review the currently available clini-cal, in vitro, and animal studies dedicated to autoan-tibodies against apolipoprotein A-1(anti-apoA-1 IgG), the major proteic fraction of high density lipoprotein. Current clinical studies indicate that high levels of anti-apoA-1 IgG are associated with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. In addition, in vitro and animal studies indi-cate a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic role, sup-porting the hypothesis that these autoantibodies may play a direct causal role in CVD, and furthermore that they could potentially represent a therapeutic target for CVD in the future.
基金supported financially by the program"Support of Young Investigators"MIS No.5005458 that was co-financed by the Operational Program"Human Resources Development,Education and Lifelong Learning"and by the European Union(European Social Fund)and Greek national funds。
文摘Apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ(APOA-Ⅱ) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)synthesized mainly by the liver and to a much lesser extent by the intestine. Transgenic mice overexpressing human APOA-Ⅱ present abnormal lipoprotein composition and are prone to atherosclerosis, though in humans the role for APOA-Ⅱ in coronary heart disease remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ on HDL structure and function, adipose tissue metabolic activity, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOA-Ⅱ or a control adenovirus Ad GFP, and five days post-infection blood and tissue samples were isolated. APOA-Ⅱ expression resulted in distinct changes in HDL apoproteome that correlated with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. No effects on cholesterol efflux from RAW 264.7 macrophages were observed. Molecular analyses in white adipose tissue(WAT) indicated a stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation coupled with respiration for ATP production in mice overexpressing APOA-Ⅱ. Finally, overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ improved glucose tolerance of mice but had no effect on the response to exogenously administered insulin. In summary, expression of APOA-Ⅱ in C57BL/6 mice results in pleiotropic effects with respect to HDL functionality, adipose tissue metabolism and glucose utilization, many of which are beneficial to health.
基金Supported by a grant from NIH(R37-HL64159)an AHA Postdoctoral Fellowship Award(VS)
文摘Apolipoprotein（apo） A-V is a novel member of the class of exchangeable apo＇s involved in triacylglycerol（TG）homeostasis.Whereas a portion of hepatic-derived apoA-V is secreted into plasma and functions to facilitate lipoprotein Iipase-mediated TG hydrolysis,another portion is recovered intracellularly,in association with cytosolic lipid droplets.Loss of apo A-V function is positively correlated with elevated plasma TG and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP） in the APOA5 locus can affect transcription efficiency or introduce deleterious amino acid substitutions.Likewise,rare mutations in APOA5 that compromise functionality are associated with increased plasma TG and premature myocardial infarction.Genetically engineered mouse models and human population studies suggest that,in certain instances,supplementation with wild type（WT） apoA-V may have therapeutic benefit.It is hypothesized that individuals that manifest elevated plasma TG owing to deleterious APOA5 SNPs or rare mutations would respond to WT apoA-V supplementation with improved plasma TG clearance.On the other hand,subjects with hypertriglyceridemia of independent origin（unrelated to apoA-V function） may not respond to apoA-V augmentation in this manner.Improvement in the ability to identify individuals predicted to benefit,advances in gene transfer technology and the strong connection between HTG and heart disease,point to apoA-V supplementation as a viable disease prevention / therapeutic strategy.Candidates would include individuals that manifest chronic TG elevation,have low plasma apoA-V due to an APOA5 mutation/polymorphism and not have deleterious mutations/polymorphisms in other genes known to influence plasma TG levels.
文摘急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatits,AP)是常见的一种急腹症,死亡率极高,其病因及发病机制尚未完全明确,是目前研究的热点.其中,高脂血症(hyperlipidemia,HL)与AP关系的研究越来越受到重视,而基因突变尤其是脂蛋白脂肪酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)、甘油磷酸肌醇锚定高密度脂蛋白结合蛋白1(glycosylphosphatidylinositol high density lipoprotein-binding protein1,GPIHBP1)及载脂蛋白A-Ⅴ(apolipo-proteinA-Ⅴ,apoA-Ⅴ)的基因突变对HL特别是高乳糜微粒血症及随之发生的复发性胰腺炎的影响最为显著.本文就这3个蛋白的相关基因突变在高脂血症性胰腺炎发病中的作用研究进展作一综述.
文摘METHODS： We determined the serum level of apolipoprotein A-I （APO A-I）, haptoglobin （HPT） and a-2 macroglobulin （A2I） with an automatic nephelometer in 63 children （age range 4-17 years, mean 10 years） with biopsy-verified chronic HBeAg-positive hepatitis B. Fibrosis stage and inflammation grade were assessed in a blinded fashion according to Batts and Ludwig. We defined mild liver fibrosis as a score ≤2 and advanced fibrosis as a score equal to 3. ROC analysis was used to calculate the power of the assays to detect advanced liver fibrosis （AccuROC, Canada）. RESULTS： Serum concentrations of APO A-I, HPT and A2M were not significantly different in patients with chronic hepatitis B compared to controls. However, APO A-I level of 1.19 ng/L had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 60.7% （AUC = 0.7117, P = 0.035） to predict advanced fibrosis. All other serum biochemical markers and their combination did not allow a useful prediction. None of these markers was a good predictor of histologic inflammation. CONCLUSION： Apolipoprotein A-I may be a suitable serum marker to predict advanced liver fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B.
