Nanotechnology in Refractory Patent Applications

Nanotechnology is one of the most important hightech in the 21 st century. The application of nanotechnology to refractory industry is fruitful. It has created many advanced products,and produced a large amount of patents. In this paper,we analyze the nanotechnology in refractory patent applications to find out the technology development trends. It will help the domestic enterprises to learn the state of global patent applications in refractory industry,promote their technologies,and create better products.

The Application Strategy of Tourism Highway Landscape Design

In the context of China's economic development,tourism resources have been continuously developed,and the aesthetic requirements of tourism highway are higher and higher.In order to ensure the good ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of tourism highway in the process of highway construction,it is necessary to analyze the relevant strategies of tourism highway landscape design.

Thermal Decomposition Behavior and Non-isothermal Decom-position Reaction of Copper(II) Salt of 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro- pyridine Oxide and Its Application in Solid Rocket Propellant

The thermal decomposition behavior and kinetic parameters of the exothermic decomposition reactions of the title compound in a temperature-programmed mode have been investigated by means of DSC, TG-DTG and lower rate thermolysis/FTIR. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed. The critical temperature of thermal explo-sion was calculated. The influence of the title compound on the combustion characteristic of composite modified double base propellant containing RDX has been explored with the strand burner. The results show that the kinetic model function in differential form, apparent activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A of the major exo-thermic decomposition reaction are 1-a, 207.98 kJmol-1 and 1015.64 s-1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the compound is 312.87 ℃. The kinetic equation of the major exothermic decomposition process of the title compound at 0.1 MPa could be expressed as: ()416.422.502?d101 edTTaa-10=-. As an auxiliary catalyst, the title compound can help the main catalyst lead salt of 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyridine oxide to en-hance the burning rate and reduce the pressure exponent of RDX-CMDB propellant.

Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses for Modeling Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics of Paddy Soils Under Different Climate-Soil-Management Combinations

Reporting modeling results with uncertainty information can benefit decision making by decreasing the extent that variability exerts a disproportionate influence on the options selected. For making decisions with more confidence, the uncertainty interval should be as narrow as possible. Here, the soil organic carbon （SOC） dynamics of the major paddy soil subgroup from 4 different paddy field regions of China （located in 4 counties under different climate-soil-management combinations） were modeled using the DeNitrification- DeComposition （DNDC） model for the period from 1980 to 2008. Uncertainty intervals associated with the SOC dynamics for these 4 subgroups were estimated by a long-term global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis （i. e., the Sobolt method）, and their sensitivities to 7 influential factors were quantified using the total effect sensitivity index. The results, modeled with high confidence, indicated that in the past 29 years, the studied paddy soils in Xinxing, Yixing, and Zhongjiang counties were carbon （C） sinks, while the paddy soil in Helong County was a C source. The 3 C sinks sequestered 12.2 （5.4, 19.6）, 17.1 （8.9, 25.0）, and 16.9 （-1.2, 33.6） t C ha-1 （values in the parentheses are the 5th and 95th percentiles, respectively）. Conversely, the C source had a loss of -5.4 （-14.2, 0.06） t C ha-1 in the past 29 years. The 7 factors, which changed with the climate-soil-management context, exhibited variable influences on modeled SOC. Measures with potential to conserve or sequestrate more C into paddy soils, such as incorporating more crop residues into soils and reducing chemical fertilizer application rates, were recommended for specific soils based on the sensitivity analysis results.

Research and developments of laser assisted methods for translation into clinical application

Biophotonics and laser medicine are very dynamic and continuously increasing fields ecologically as well as economically. Direct communication with medical doctors is necessary to identify specific requests and unmet needs. Information on innovative, new or renewed techniques is necessary to design medical devices for introduction into clinical application and finally to become established after positive clinical trials as well as medical approval. The long-term endurance in developing light based innovative clinical concepts and devices are described based on the Munich experience. Fluorescence technologies for laboratory medicine to improve non- invasive diagnosis or for online monitoring are described according with new approaches in improving photody- namic therapeutic aspects related to immunology. Regard- ing clinically related thermal laser applications, the introduction of new laser wavelengths and laser parameters showed potential in the treatment of varicose veins as well as in lithotripsy. Such directly linked research and development are possible when researchers and medical doctors perform their daily work in immediate vicinity, thus have the possibility to share their ideas in meetings by day.