Cultural Effects in Translation——From A Text Linguistic Approach

This paper discusses the cultural effect in translation by exploring the text linguistic approach; especially it 's seven standards. This includes an analysis of the different texts of the language and culture. There is a closet link between these standards and the cultural effect in translation. The paper also offers some simple examples to illusrate some standards of them. In addition, the paper is trying to emphasis the importance between the translation theories and the cultural effect in the process of translation.

A Study on the Effectiveness of Process-oriented Approach in ESL English Writing Teaching in YAU

This study sets out to conduct the effectiveness of process-oriented approach on the ESL writing teaching for non-Eng-lish majors in Yunnan Agricultural University(YAU),with the aim of enhancing the students' English writing proficiency andscores.120 non-English major sophomores and 10 English teachers from YAU are involved in it.With the results of questionnaire,interview and the composition scores of the target students,the findings indicate that the students have a positive attitude towardsprocess-oriented writing approach and it can help them write better and make the writing class more interesting.

On the Effects of Applying Task-based Approach to Business Oral English Teaching in Higher Vocational College

A teaching experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying of Task-based approach(TBA) to business oral English teaching in higher vocational college.Instruments are tests and questionnaire for the experimental participants.Based on the data analysis,it can be concluded that TBA proves to be more effective especially compared with PPP approach.

A time-domain nonlinear effective-stress non-Masing approach of ground response analysis of Guwahati city, India

The response of subsoil strata subjected to seismic excitations plays an important role in governing the response of the overlying superstructures at any site. Ground response analysis(GRA) helps to assess the influence of soil characteristics on the propagating seismic stress waves from the bedrock level to the ground surface during an earthquake. For the northeastern region of India, located in the highest seismic zone in the country, conducting an extensive GRA study is of prime importance. Conventionally, most of the GRA studies are carried out using the equivalent linear method, which, being a simplistic approach, cannot capture the nonlinear behavior of soil during seismic shaking. This paper presents the outcomes of a one-dimensional effective stress based nonlinear GRA conducted for Guwahati city(located in northeast India) incorporating the non-Masing load/unload/reload characteristics. The various ground response parameters evaluated from this study help in assessing the ground shaking, soil amplification, and site responses expected in this region. 2D contour maps, which are representative of the distribution of some of these parameters throughout Guwahati city, are also developed. The results presented herein can serve as guidelines for the design of foundations and superstructures in this region.

Effectiveness of Firewise Approach(FWA)in Controlling Forest Fire:A Case of Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR),Morogoro,Tanzania

Forest fire has received considerable attention in literature because it is considered one of the most common factors causing disturbances in ecosystems and at the same time considered vital in maintaining ecosystems.Firewise Approach(FWA)has been proposed and used for controlling forest fire and achieving sustainable forest management.The approach requires involvement of communities in managing forest fire incidences in reserved forests.Despite considerable period since FWA has been practiced,there is insufficient scholarly knowledge on effectiveness of the approach in managing forest fire.This paper examines the effectiveness of FWA in managing forest fires in Uluguru Nature Forest Reserve(UNFR).The study employed cross-section research design that involved quantitative and qualitative data collection.The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS)software and content analysis.The study found alternating periods:the period of overall decrease of wildfire incidences within initial five years of practising the approach.The study concludes that the FWA is useful in reducing forest fire incidences during early period of practising the approach and another period of huge fire occurrence beyond five years.However,the FWA has challenges of sustaining successes in controlling forest fires including limited fire management training to common community.The study recommends sustaining communities’trainings on forest fire management.

The Potential Effectiveness of Communicative Approach in Xinjiang

Teaching English as a foreign language has been carried out in our

Diagrammatic Iteration Approach to Electron Correlation Effects

Electron correlation is a measure of the errors that are inherent in the Hartree-Fock theory or orbital models. When the electron density is high, correlation is weak and the traditional electronic theory works well. However, at a low density of electrons correlation effects become strong and the traditional theory fails to describe the electron system correctly. Therefore, the electron correlation plays a radical role in such materials as high-temperature superconductors and heavy fermions, etc. To date, there is no agreement on how to deal with higher-order terms (correlation energy) in the series of electron’s ground state energy although a method that is termed diagrammatic iteration approach (DIA) was developed more than one decade ago by the authors of this article. That is why no consensus on the origin and mechanism of superconductivity has been engaged in superconductivity community. From the viewpoint of methodology, the DIA is indeed an approach to higher-order terms from the lower-order ones, i.e. it is a new method to show how to go beyond the random phase approximation (RPA) step by step by iteration. Here, we are logically presenting it to the community of modern physics with more analyses and hope to attract more attention to it and promote its applications.

Epidemic Regularity and Control Effect of Huanglongbing (HLB) in Different Management Approaches

In order to reveal the epidemic regularity of Huanglongbing （HLB） in different management approaches, different citrus production areas were selected between 2002 and 2012 to compare epidemic regularity of different types and control effects of different management approaches with plant incidence rate. All survey data in 11 years were used to build a mathematical model, and epidemic evolution and control effects were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that diffusion and prevalence of HLB generally increased linearly. In naturally growing citrus orchards without artificial control, the annual diseased plant rate was 11.11%, and the epidemic diffusion model was y1 = 12. 24x - 1.382 8 （ n =9, r =0. 976 9 ＊ ＊ ）. Under general prevention and control conditions, the annual diseased plant rate was 4.69%, the epidemic diffusion model was Y2 = 5. 449 8x - 1.603 5 （ n = 11, r =0. 974 9 ＊ ＊ ）, and the control effect was 43.93% （22.93% - 55.04% ）. In citrus orchards with integrated prevention and control, the epidemic diffusion model was Y3 = 0. 366 3x - 0. 342 2 （ n = 11, r = 0. 989 8 ＊ ＊ ）, the control effect was 96.15% （94.95% -97.40% ）, and the annual diseased plant rate was 0.31%. Thus, HLB is preventable and controllable as long as integrated prevention and control work is implemented well.

Characterization of Thermo-Physical Properties of Cement-Based Blocks of Varied Sand Types Using Cost-Effective Enhancement Approach

The dominant property of building envelope fabric which contributes significantly to minimize electricity utilization in building is the thermo-physical properties. There is inadequate literature on representative practical data of thermo-physical properties of the dominant building envelope components in Ghana. This study aims to use cost-effective approach to characterize the thermo-physical properties of only cement-based mortar and concrete blocks used in Ghana for building components specifically wall design. Mixed methods research design was employed to achieving the aim. A questionnaire survey was used among sampled building fabric components manufacturers to pick representative data on thermos-physical properties of their mortar and concrete blocks. Also, an experimental procedure employing a transient technique with a TCi Thermal Analyser was used to determine the thermo-physical properties of selected mortar and concrete blocks from Ghana in addition to designed parametric mortar and concrete blocks with varied ratios obtained from the survey were undertaken at University of Nottingham. From the study, a trend of decreasing thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity with corresponding decreasing sand content was observed with all the different sand types. The thermal conductivities of both mortar and concrete parametric blocks meet the range of expected standard values outlined in Chattered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Guide A. The major limitation of the work is the dimension of the sample size;which is not inconsistent with standard block size due to the experimental setup used. It is expected that, the characterization of the predominant cement-based building fabrics components will contribute to improved building performance analysis with significant savings in electricity utilization for space cooling.

A Possible Approach to Introduce Word Memorizing Methods into College English Teaching

Words acquisition should be the most decisive and basic part, though modern English education does not take enough attention, especially in college English teaching. A recent survey on the Internet reveals that college students are worrying about their words power very much, eager to find an efficient and effective way. Hence, various modes of word memorizing methods are collected and a brief classification and remark are available. By an overall analysis of those methods, a new approach compromised by different kinds of methods turns out. This new approach completely abides by the philosophy of pragmatism, and every idea with practical use will be introduced to it, e.g. psychology of language and so on.

Single-level Lumbar Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis Treated with Minimally Invasive Anterior Debridement and Fusion Combined with Posterior Fixation via Wiltse Approach

Summary： The effect and safety of anterior debridement and fusion with a minimally invasive ap- proach combined with posterior fixation via the Wiltse approach were assessed in the single-level lum- bar pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Seventeen patients from 2007 to 2009 underwent anterior debridement and fusion with a minimally invasive approach combined with posterior fixation via the Wiltse approach. Postoperative follow-up time was 24-41 months. Data included the patients＇ general information, mi- crobiology, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, intervertebral fusion rate, and preoperative and final follow-up scores for American Spinal Injury Association （ASIA） im- pairment, visual analogue scale （VAS）, and Oswestry Disability Index （ODI）. Ten patients had under- gone a prior spinal invasive procedure, and 7 had hematogenous infection. The infected segments in- cluded L1-2, L2-3, L3,~, and L4-5 in 1, 2, 5, and 9 cases, respectively. Thirteen bacterial cultures were posi- tive for Staphylococcus aureus （5 cases）, Staphylococcus epidermidis （4）, Streptococcus （3）, and Es- cherichia coli （1）. The operative time was 213.8＋45.6 min, and the intraoperative blood loss was 180.6-4-88.1 mL. Postoperative complications consisted of urinary retention （2 cases）, constipation （3）, and deep vein thrombosis （2）. On the final follow-up, VAS scores and ODIs were significantly lower than those of preoperation, while the ASIA grades improved. All the cases achieved good intervertebral bony fusion. Anterior debridement and fusion with a minimally invasive approach combined with poste- rior fixation via the Wiltse approach can successfully treat single-level lumbar pyogenic spondy- lodiscitis, with less trauma and reliable immobilization. It is a viable option for clinical application.

Remarks on Exact Solvability of Quantum Systems with Spatially Varying Effective Mass

Within the frame of a novel treatment we make a complete mathematical analysis of exactly solvable onedimensional quantum systems with non-constant mass, involving their ordering ambiguities. This work extends the results recently reported in the literature and clarifies the relation between physically acceptable effective mass Hamiltonians.

数字乡村高质量建设的影响因素及组态路径研究——基于37个案例的清晰集定性比较分析

如何更有效促进数字乡村高质量建设是当下政府和学术界共同关注的热点问题。依据中国37个县域数字乡村发展案例,运用清晰集定性比较分析方法,基于物理事理人理系统方法论探讨财政支持、科技创新、政策规划、组织领导、农民数字素质与认同程度等因素对数字乡村高质量建设的联动作用及路径选择。研究结论:①单个因素不构成高质量与非高质量数字乡村建设的必要条件,组态路径具备等效性和多重并发性。②产生高质量结果的组态归纳为四条路径,解释力度为政策驱动型>财政驱动型>全要素驱动型>科技领导双轮驱动型。③产生非高质量结果的组态归纳为低效治理型路径。高质量和非高质量的组态路径存在因果非对称性。④政策规划能力和组织领导能力存在替代关系。建议各县域根据自身实际情况,因地制宜,随时而动,采取有针对性的组态协同发展措施,推动数字乡村高质量建设。

The Mathematical Analysis on the Risk Management Effect of Crop Insurance Plan

As a variant index, variation has an inherent shortcoming that it can only reflect the static fluctuation of the crop. This paper makes complementary analysis about it on the basis of the comment on Miranda＇s approach of β index and goes on to analyze the β index approach under the condition of three kinds of crop insurance plans, β index approach has the advantage that it can dynamically reflect the risk transfer effect of crop insurance plan. At the same insurance level, the smaller the β index is, the better the corresponding risk transfer effect of crop insurance plan is; And vice versa.

Competition effects in an afrotemperate forest

Background： Information about competition responses is mainly available for monospecific stands or mixed stands with a small number of species. Studies on complex multi-species and highly structured forest ecosystems are scarce. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to quantify competition effects and analyse competition responses in a species-diverse afrotemperate forest in South Africa, based on an observational study with mapped tree positions and long-term diameter increment records. Methods： The sensitivity to competition was analysed for individual species and involved the calculation of the slope of the linear relation between the value of a competition index （CI） and diameter growth as a measure of sensitivity. In a next step different competition indices were combined and tree diameters were grouped in three classes as surrogates for canopy status and ontogenetic stage. Results： Five competition indices were found to be effective in showing sensitivity to competition for a number of canopy and sub-canopy species. Significant linear regressions were fitted for 18 of a total of 25 species. Species reactions varied significantly in their sensitivity to the different CIs. The indices were classified as belonging to two groups, those that responded more to local crowding and those that are more sensitive to overtopping, which revealed species-specific sensitivities to both factors. The analysis based on diameter classes revealed that species clearly changed their sensitivity to crowding or overtopping depending on diameter. Canopy and sub-canopy species showed distinct differences in their reactions. Conclusions： The application of multiple CIs brought novel insights relating to the dynamics of afrotemperate forests. The response patterns to different competition indices that focus on crowding and overtopping are varied and tree diameter dependent, indicating that oversimplified assumptions are not warranted in the interpretation of Cl- growth relations.

侧颈低领切口入路在甲状腺手术中的应用

目的探讨侧颈低领切口入路在甲状腺手术中应用的可行性和优点。方法选取2021年1月至2022年1月宿州市立医院甲状腺肿瘤病人80例,依据手术治疗方式不同分为观察组与对照组,各40例。观察组行侧颈区低领切口入路甲状腺切除术,对照组行传统颈前低领切口中间入路甲状腺切除术。比较两组各临床指标、术后并发症、嗓音和美容满意度的差异。结果两组病人年龄、性别、病理类型及手术方式等一般资料对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组在手术时间、手术出血量、术后拔管时间及术后第3天血清钙值与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后疼痛VAS评分[(3.82±0.43)分比(5.55±0.50)分]及围手术期总手术并发症的发生率(7.5%比30.0%)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组术后嗓音满意度及美容满意度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在甲状腺手术中经侧颈低领切口入路,可以减缓术后颈前不适感,手术并发症发生率低,手术切口隐蔽,病人术后嗓音满意度及美容满意度高,可行性好,值得临床推广。

Comparison of DAA and PLA Approaches for Total Hip Replacement in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures

Objectives: Femoral neck fractures are becoming more common within nowadays. This research is to explore the clinical effect of primary total hip replacement (THA) via direct anterior approach (DAA) and posterolateral approach (PLA) in the treatment of femoral neck fracture. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 100 cases of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture who underwent total hip arthroplasty admitted to Tianyou Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology from January 2019 to January 2022. 50 patients treated with DAA approach were included in the observation group, and 50 patients treated with PLA approach were included in the control group. The operation indexes, postoperative acetabular abduction angle and anteversion angle, hip joint function, Harris score and complications were compared between the two groups. Result: The length of incision in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, and the amount of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative hospital stay were shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05);There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the ratio of acetabular abduction angle and its safe zone, and the length difference of both lower limbs (P < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the ratio of acetabular anteversion angle and its safe zone, eccentricity, and its recovery rate (P > 0.05);Harris score of hip joint: 6 months after operation, the anterior approach group was significantly higher than the posterolateral approach group (P < 0.05), and there was no statistical difference between the two groups 12 months after operation (P > 0.05);The total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P Conclusion: DAA and PLA approaches for total hip replacement can restore the hip joint structure of patients with femoral neck fractures and achieve good results, but DAA approach has greater advantages in early postoperative recovery, improvement of hip joint function, small surgical injury, high application value, so it is recommended.

Towards an Effective Communication in the Care of Patients with Long Term Disease in Kenya via Cybernetic—A Systematic Review

In this paper, to effectively treat chronic disorders and improve the standard of care, effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals was essential. The aim of the study was to review the literature on how good communication might improve treatment outcomes for Kenyan patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and to determine whether Cybernetic electronic communication can improve those outcomes even more. We uncovered the history of treatment outcomes for chronic and terminal diseases in this research study, both with and without communication at the core of the patient’s care plan. We discussed the importance of good communication in the treatment of patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and why it is a momentous endeavor comparable to medical diagnosis and treatment for the long-term health of patients. To locate pertinent material for the background literature study, we carried out a comprehensive literature search. Although the preliminary literature review was a continuation of the introduction research, it also highlighted the paucity of local Kenyan literature and suggested that improved communication might help patients with chronic and terminal illnesses have better treatment outcome. Methodology maintained the literature search, as a systematic literature review focused on core of the study, making separate sections of the same body necessary. This ensured that a methodological literature search section is as comprehensive as possible. We used an integrated PRISM model to limit a comprehensive literature search and a systematic literature review design as part of the overall process. Non-probability sampling and snowball approaches on literary papers over the previous 17 years were used in this arrangement. Since this was a multidisciplinary study, the four experts who also serve as authors were chosen from within their respective fields of expertise to design the study. They created search strategies, generated key words, looked up keywords in database engines, assessed the results of the literature using the PRISMA logical model, looked over successful literature, and triangulated their findings. The conclusions of the experts individually revealed a convergence of thoughts, beliefs, and practices across. The study concluded that even though there isn’t much research done in Kenya on the same subject;what is available illustrates how crucial good communication is for patients with chronic illnesses. The study’s findings also highlighted the positive effects of effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals on treatment plan adherence, patient satisfaction, and overall health outcomes. The results also noted that in order to improve patient care and outcome, Kenyan healthcare workers should underscore developing their communication skills. The study also found that the incorporation of cybernetics is crucial if a truly effective communication is required so as to enable centered care for patients with long-term diseases in Kenya. The goal of the Cybernetics is to activate genuinely effective communication in the care of Patients with long-term disease in Kenya. This study is organized to begin with an abstract, followed by keywords, an introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and finally conclusions.