Medicinal plants are an important component in Indigenous cultures. <i>Aralia</i><span> <i>nudicaulis</i></span> L., <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i>&l...Medicinal plants are an important component in Indigenous cultures. <i>Aralia</i><span> <i>nudicaulis</i></span> L., <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span> L., and <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> Porter were analyzed for total phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). The samples were harvested in Saskatchewan, Canada, with the help of an Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Keeper and the analyses were performed by spectrophotometry. The results showed that total phenolic compounds amount ranged from 0.08 to 0.88 mg GAE/mg d.w. and the total carotenoid contents ranged from 0.03 to 1.26 mg/g d.w. The <i>in</i><span> <i>vitro</i> </span>antioxidant activity ranged from 0.02 to 0.71 μmol TE/mg d.w. by DPPH, from 0.05 to 2.53 μmol TE/mg d.w. by FRAP, and from 0.04 to 1.06 μmol TE/mg d.w. by ABTS. <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> leaves stood out with higher amounts of total phenolic compounds (TPC) (0.88 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g d.w.), carotenoids (TC) (1.26 ± 0.03 mg/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (TAA) by DPPH (0.71 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), ABTS (1.06 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) and FRAP (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), with the same amount of <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span> belowground (2.53 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) in last technique (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.). The first principal component describes 83.88% of the total variance and all the variables have high influence on this component (factor loadings: T = 0.976, TC = 0.735, TAA by DPPH = 0.955, FRAP = 0.894 and ABTS = 0.996), demonstrating that these samples do not have large dissimilarity. The second principal component represents 13.64% of the total variance, and the TC is the dominant variable on the second principal component (0.658). <i>Aralia</i><span> <i>nudicaulis</i></span>, <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span>, and <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> had interesting amounts of total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and <i>in</i><span> <i>vitro</i> </span>antioxidant activity. <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> leaves and <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span> have the highest amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in this study. <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> leaves are also a good source of carotenoids, and so, they have great potential health benefits and use in industry as a source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. This study enriches the literature on medicinal plants used by Indigenous people of Saskatchewan and surrounding Canada. More studies are necessary to identify its applications, security and to assess which compounds generate the benefits reported by Traditional Knowledge Keepers.展开更多
文摘Medicinal plants are an important component in Indigenous cultures. <i>Aralia</i><span> <i>nudicaulis</i></span> L., <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span> L., and <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> Porter were analyzed for total phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). The samples were harvested in Saskatchewan, Canada, with the help of an Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Keeper and the analyses were performed by spectrophotometry. The results showed that total phenolic compounds amount ranged from 0.08 to 0.88 mg GAE/mg d.w. and the total carotenoid contents ranged from 0.03 to 1.26 mg/g d.w. The <i>in</i><span> <i>vitro</i> </span>antioxidant activity ranged from 0.02 to 0.71 μmol TE/mg d.w. by DPPH, from 0.05 to 2.53 μmol TE/mg d.w. by FRAP, and from 0.04 to 1.06 μmol TE/mg d.w. by ABTS. <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> leaves stood out with higher amounts of total phenolic compounds (TPC) (0.88 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g d.w.), carotenoids (TC) (1.26 ± 0.03 mg/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (TAA) by DPPH (0.71 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), ABTS (1.06 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) and FRAP (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.), with the same amount of <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span> belowground (2.53 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.) in last technique (2.32 ± 0.01 μmol TE/mg d.w.). The first principal component describes 83.88% of the total variance and all the variables have high influence on this component (factor loadings: T = 0.976, TC = 0.735, TAA by DPPH = 0.955, FRAP = 0.894 and ABTS = 0.996), demonstrating that these samples do not have large dissimilarity. The second principal component represents 13.64% of the total variance, and the TC is the dominant variable on the second principal component (0.658). <i>Aralia</i><span> <i>nudicaulis</i></span>, <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span>, and <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> had interesting amounts of total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and <i>in</i><span> <i>vitro</i> </span>antioxidant activity. <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> leaves and <i>Rubus</i><span> <i>idaeus</i></span> have the highest amount of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in this study. <i>Rosa</i><span> <i>arkansana</i></span> leaves are also a good source of carotenoids, and so, they have great potential health benefits and use in industry as a source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. This study enriches the literature on medicinal plants used by Indigenous people of Saskatchewan and surrounding Canada. More studies are necessary to identify its applications, security and to assess which compounds generate the benefits reported by Traditional Knowledge Keepers.
