Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Colonic gas explosion during therapeutic colonoscopy with electrocautery

Therapeutic colonoscopy with electrocautery is widely used around the world. Adequate colonic cleansing is considered a crucial factor for the safety of this procedure. Colonic gas explosion, although rare, is one of the most frightening iatrogenic complications during colonoscopy with electrocautery. This complication is the result of an accumulation of colonic gases to explosive concentrations, but may be prevented by meticulous bowel preparation. The purpose of.this review is to discuss the indications and the types of bowel preparations for therapeutic colonoscopy, and to contribute recommendations for the adequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy with electrocautery.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

多排螺旋CT引导下经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术结合植入^(125)I粒子治疗肺癌的近期疗效观察

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)三维重建引导下经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻消融术结合植入125I粒子治疗肺癌近期疗效及安全性。方法 51例中晚期肺癌患者在MSCT三维重建引导下,氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗后,对瘤周及未冷冻区应用治疗计划系统(TPS)计算剂量和布粒,再行MSCT三维重建定位植入125I放射性粒子;1、2、3、6个月后全部行胸部CT平扫及增强复查。结果术后1、2、3、6个月随访,好转率分别为9.8%、19.6%、56.9%和46.0%;总有效率分别为31.4%、62.8%、98.0%和92.0%。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻消融术结合植入125I粒子治疗肺癌安全、损伤小、并发症轻、近期疗效确切、值得推广。

支气管镜介入对溃疡型气管支气管结核的临床分析

目的研究支气管介入技术氩等离子体凝固,氩等离子体凝固联合冷冻治疗,冷冻治疗等治疗方法对溃疡型气管支气管结核的疗效。方法选取2012年1月至2014年6月诊治的气管支气管结核患者120例,经病理学和(或)细胞学诊断的气管支气管结核患者,气道狭窄程度不限。应用随机数法分为3组,每组40例。3组均进行粘膜下注射INH(异烟肼)100 mg的处理,A组采用氩等离子体凝固(argon plasma coagulation,APC)治疗;B组采用APC联合冷冻治疗;C组采用冷冻治疗。跟踪观察记录每组患者的临床表现,如喘息、咳嗽、哮鸣音、咳痰等,同时重点记录治疗6个月后3组患者的治疗效果及临床症状改善情况。结果比较3组治疗效果,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中B组优于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前3组喘息、咳嗽、哮鸣音、咳痰症状比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3组喘息、咳嗽、哮鸣音、咳痰症状比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中B组优于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗中,所有患者在耐受范围内;3组患者均有不同的治疗效果,另外,接受联合治疗的B组患者未发现不良反应。结论 3组患者病情均有减轻,相较于氩气刀和冷冻治疗,APC联合冷冻治疗溃疡型气管支气管结核临床效果更显著,值得推广联合治疗方案。

经电子支气管镜氩气刀联合冷冻治疗气道肿瘤7例疗效观察

目的探讨经电子支气管镜氩等离子体凝固疗法(氩气刀APC)联合冷冻治疗气管、支气管内恶性肿瘤引起的气道狭窄及阻塞的疗效及安全性。方法采用内镜专用氩气刀及冷冻治疗仪,经电子支气管镜介入治疗7例气管、支气管内恶性肿瘤所造成的气道狭窄,对患者症状、镜下表现与治疗前进行比较,并观察其疗效。结果 7例患者先后进行了12次氩气刀治疗(1例3次,3例2次,3例1次)。其刺激性咳嗽、呼吸困难等症状均有不同程度的缓解。其中显效4例,有效3例,有效率100.0%,无手术相关死亡。结论经电子支气管镜介入氩气刀治疗,可以缓解咳嗽、呼吸困难等气道狭窄引起的症状,明显提高生活质量,是一种简便、有效的微创方法。

氩氦冷冻联合非甲基化CpG-ODN对兔肝癌模型的抗肿瘤效应

目的探讨氩氦冷冻治疗对肝癌转移的影响及继发免疫效应的抗肿瘤效果。方法兔VX2肝肿瘤模型54只,30只随机分为A、B和C组,每组10只,分别给予氩氦冷冻、手术切除和假手术(对照组),观察肿瘤转移和生存期;另外24只,随机分成D、E和F组,每组8只,分别给予氩氦冷冻+CpG-ODN、氩氦冷冻和手术治疗,治疗后2周在兔大腿肌肉接种VX2瘤组织。结果A组肝内转移率低于C组(P=0.003),A组肺转移时间比C组推迟;A组和B组相比,不促进肿瘤转移。再接种VX2瘤组织2周后D、E和F组瘤重分别为(0.425±0.327)g(n=6)、(0.704±0.325)g(n=8)和(1.119±0.261)g(n=7),D组与F组瘤重差异有显著性(P=0.003)。结论氩氦冷冻治疗肝肿瘤不促进转移,CpG-ODN能增强氩氦冷冻治疗后的抗肿瘤效果。

氩离子凝固术在消化系统疾病中的应用

目的探讨氩离子凝固术(APC)在消化系统疾病内镜介入治疗中的应用及疗效。方法采用内镜下APC术治疗562例患者(胃肠道息肉393例,疣状胃炎122例,Barret食管5例,消化道出血42例),以观察其对不同疾病的治疗效果。结果350例直径小于5mm的消化道息肉经APC治疗后3个月内复查内镜病变全部消除,治愈率为100%;直径大于5mm广基或亚蒂、细蒂息肉43例,38例于治疗后3个月内复查内镜均无残存病变,黏膜修复好,另5例黑斑息肉综合征经治疗后内镜下表现明显好转;42例消化道出血中41例APC治疗后均未再出血;122例疣状胃炎患者治疗后1个月复查胃镜,116例内镜表现完全恢复正常,治愈率可达95.08%。联合高剂量质子泵抑剂(PPI)治疗5例Barret食管患者,6个月后内镜及病理检查示3例恢复为鳞状上皮,12个月后复查未见复发。结论APC可广泛用于消化道息肉、消化道非食管胃底静脉曲张性出血、Barret食管、疣状胃炎等疾病的内镜介入治疗,尤其对广基(直径小于5mm)扁平息肉、疣状胃炎治愈率高、疗效显著,且简便易行、并发症少,有较高的临床应用价值。

CT引导下氩氦刀冷冻介入治疗肝癌不良反应实施治疗性干预的疗效观察

目的:探讨对CT引导下经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀冷冻介入术治疗肝癌过程中的不良反应实施干预的疗效。方法:回顾性分析68例经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀冷冻介入治疗肝癌的患者,在术后发生不良反应时给予相应的干预措施,采用心理干预措施、物理降温与药物降温相结合、止痛药物与心理干预相结合、止血药物与观察病情、有效的冻伤皮肤治疗、药物止吐、保障组织灌流及胃肠减压等方法,观察实施治疗性干预的疗效。结果:CT引导下经皮肝穿刺氩氦刀靶向冷冻介入术治疗肝癌中出现的不良反应,通过治疗性干预手段,其症状均得到改善,总有效率为93.7%。结论:全面细致地实施治疗性干预措施是氩氦刀介入治疗肝癌过程中重要的手段,疗效满意,可以有效地减少不良反应的发生,提高患者的生命质量。

氩激光488nm波长与混合波长光动力治疗鲜红斑痣的比较研究

目的 为探索氩激光光动力治疗鲜红斑痣 (PWS)更为安全的方法 ,比较了 488nm单波长和常用混合波长氩激光的疗效及不良反应。方法 随机选择 5 2例患者分为 2组分别采用 488nm单波长氩激光及混合波长氩激光进行治疗。结果 488nm单波长激光组的治愈率为 19.2 3 % ,混合波长组为 11.5 4% ,两者无显著差异。总有效率分别为 92 .31% %及 88.46 % ,无统计学差异。不良反应的发生率为混合波长组高于单一波长组。结论 488nm单波长氩激光光动力治疗与混合波长方法治疗疗效相同 。