Phytoaccumulation of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead by Brassica juncea Parents and Their F1 Hybrids

Although Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) is reported to be a good accumulator of metals, little is known of the selected varieties of B. juncea (cvs. Rai and BARI-11). This paper investigates the phytoaccumulation of arsenic, cadmium and lead by B. juncea (cvs. Rai and BARI-11) parents and F1 hybrids. The experiment was conducted in the hydroponic media in the greenhouse of University of Southampton under a Randomised Block Design. Sodium arsenite, cadmium sulphate and lead nitrate with 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm were used. The cadmium treated plants were analysed by Varian Atomic absorption spectrophotometer-200. The samples of arsenic and lead were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer. The results suggest that arsenic was detected only in the root systems while cadmium and lead were detected both in the root and shoot systems. Significant differences in the uptake were observed for different concentrations. Accumulation of arsenic was detected only in the root systems of B. juncea (cvs. Rai and BARI-11) at lower concentrations. Hence, this can be used as an agriculturally viable and efficient phytoaccumulator in the arsenic affected areas where contamination level is low and the contamination occurs at the rooting level.

Association between Autism and Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, Manganese Levels in Hair and Urine

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by stereotypic/repetitive behavior, impaired communication, imagination and social interactions. Recently, studies have investigated the possible association between the etiology of autism and potential roles of various environmental agents, especially heavy metals. The aim of the present study was to examine levels of toxic metals in hair and urine samples of an autistic child. The levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic and manganese in hair and urine of this child were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and compared with those of healthy children who had bee n assessed in previous studies. The autistic child had higher hair levels of lead （0.80 μg/g vs. 0.01 μg/g）, cadmium （0.083 μg/g vs. 0.06 μg/g） and arsenic （0.09 μg/g vs. 0.06 μg/g）. Urine levels of lead （12.54 μg/L vs. 3.36 μg/L） and cadmium （3.24 μg/L vs. 0.53μg/L） were higher than those of controls; whereas arsenic levels in urine were lower （6.81 μg/L vs. 32.06 μg/L）. Hair and urine samples of this autistic child contained lower concentrations of manganese （0.12 μg/g and 0.028 μg/g） as compared to healthy children （0.41 μg/L and 4.81μg/L）. In conclusion, our study demonstrated elevation in the levels of lead, cadmium and arsenic in a child with autism.

Detection and Analysis of Lead,Cadmium and Arsenic Content in Common Vegetables

This study was carried out to detect content of heavy metals( Pb,Cd,and As) in vegetables,understand the current situation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables,and to provide scientific reference for further researches. It randomly selected 6 large vegetable markets and 6 supermarkets in Changsha City,selected 8 types of typical vegetables,and detected 96 samples. In accordance with maximum level of contaminants in foods in existing GB2762- 2012 standard,Nemerow composite pollution index( Pt) and grading standards,it made evaluation: uncontaminated( Pt≤ 1),mildly contaminated( 1 < Pt≤2),moderately contaminated( 2 < Pt≤3),and highly contaminated( Pt>3). Among 96 samples,range of content of Pb,Cd and As is( 0. 06- 1. 41),( 0. 06- 1. 26) and( 0. 00- 0. 91) mg / kg respectively; the over- limit rate of these metals exceeding the safety level is 78. 13%,45. 83%,and 34. 38% separately; the composite pollution index is in( 0. 90-6. 05),the eggplant is 6. 05 and hot pepper is 3. 24; the content of Pb( F =23. 908,P =0. 001) and Cd( F =64. 908,P =0. 000)are significantly different between 8 types of vegetables and there is no significant difference between the content of As( F = 4. 634,P = 0. 705> 0. 05) in 8 types of vegetables. Study shows that common vegetables in Changsha City has problem of excess Pb,Cd and As,and the Pb over- limit rate is the highest. The composite pollution index indicates that most heavy metal contamination of vegetables is mild and moderate contamination,melon,fruit and vegetable contamination is high contamination,and Cd is the major factor leading to contamination of melons,fruits and vegetables.

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.

Selective removal of As from arsenic-bearing dust rich in Pb and Sb

The selective removal of arsenic from arsenic-bearing dust containing Pb and Sb in alkaline solution was studied. The influence of Na OH concentration, temperature, leaching time, liquid to solid ratio, and the presence of elemental sulfur on the dissolution of As, Sb and Pb in Na OH solution was investigated. The results indicate that the presence of elemental sulfur can effectively prevent leaching of lead and antimony from arsenic. The Sb2O3, As2O3 and Pb5(AsO4)3 OH in the raw material convert to NaSb(OH)6 and PbS in the leaching residue, while arsenic is leached out as As(Ⅲ) or As(Ⅴ) ions in the leaching solution. Arsenic leaching efficiency of 99.84% can be achieved under the optimized conditions, while 97.82% of Sb and 99.97% of Pb remain in the leach residue with the arsenic concentration of less than 0.1%. A novel route is presented for the selective removal of arsenic and potential recycle of lead and antimony from the arsenic-bearing dust leached by Na OH solutions with the addition of elemental sulfur.

Assessment of Bacteriological and Metallic Contamination (Pb, Cd, As) and Analysis of Toxicological Risks in Houin Logbo (Lake Toho) in the Municipality of Lokossa

Heavy metals are dangerous pollutants for ecosystems, especially aquatic ecosystems, because of their concentration in certain living organisms and their presence in the food chain. This study aims to evaluate the bacteriological, metallic (Pb, Cd, As) and toxicological risks associated with houin logbo (toho lake) in the municipality of Lokossa. The results obtained concern everyone: Toho lake is contaminated by Escherichia coli and faecal enterococci, concerning the evaluation of the metallic contamination we have: water (Pb: 0.1032, Cd: 0. 046, As: 0);sediment (Pb: 14.79, Cd: 1.27, As: 0.800);Oreochromis niloticus (Pb: 0.143, Cd: 0.087, As: 0.466);soils (Pb: 8.528, Cd: 2.755, As: 0.833);Solanum lycopersicum (Pb: 0.098, Cd: 0.066, As: 0). Consumption of lake fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and market garden produce (Solanum lycopersicum) exposes populations, especially children, to the risk of As and Cd poisoning.

Analysis of Some Elements and Speciated Compounds in Fish Found in the New Calabar River of the Niger Delta Area,Nigeria

The flesh of guinean and blackchin tilapia,and mullet found in Choba river were collected for elemental studies of mercury,cadmium,lead,arsenic,nickel and speciated forms.Analytical method of X-ray fluorescence(XRF)was used for the elemental studies while Gas chromatographymass spectrometer(GC-MS)was used for the speciated forms.4.3 mg/kg was the highest concentration of cadmium observed in blackchin tilapia.The three fish species all contained about 0.5 mg/kg of arsenic and 1 mg/kg of mercury.1.7 mg/kg of lead was detected in mullet while 7.3 mg/kg of nickel was detected in blackchin tilapia.Organometallic compounds found were nickel tetracarbonyl,borane carbonyl in guinean tilapia,nickel tetracarbonyl,borane carbonyl and germanium(iv)pthalocyanine dichloride in blackchin tilapia and[μ-(ƞ6-benzene)]bis(ƞ5-2,4-cyclopentadien-yl)di-μ-hydrodi-vanadium.Borane carbonyl was found in mullet.

江西省市售不同类别代用茶中水分含量及重金属污染状况分析

目的了解江西省市售花类、叶类、根茎类和果(实)类代用茶中水分含量及铅、砷、镉、汞等重金属污染状况。方法在江西省全省范围内采集250份代用茶,对每份样品进行水分、铅、总砷、镉和汞的检验,按照GH/T 1091—2014《代用茶》判定是否合格。结果代用茶的水分超标率为38.8%,其中主要为叶类代用茶(占16.8%);各类别代用茶中果(实)类中的水分含量最高,中位数为13.2%。250份样品的重金属元素中汞的检出率最低(55.2%),铅均合格(<5.0 mg/kg),镉和总砷的超标率分别为11.6%和3.6%。不同类别代用茶中铅、总砷、镉和汞的检测结果差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论叶类和果(实)类代用茶的水分相比其他类别代用茶易超标,叶类代用茶中铅和总砷污染水平较高,而花类和根茎类代用茶中的镉污染水平较高。在今后制定统一的食品安全标准限度方面中应重点关注。

南通地区部分稻谷中铅、镉、铬及无机砷的污染状况分析

目的:测定南通地区部分稻谷中铅、镉、铬及无机砷含量,为安全食用提供依据。方法:采用微波消解处理样品,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、液相色谱-原子荧光谱仪进行测定,并根据GB 2762-2017国家标准,采用单因子污染指数法和重金属综合污染指数法进行评价。结论:两个地区40份稻谷普遍存在重金属污染,且铬污染较严重。

光谱法测定农产品中铅镉铬汞砷的一次性消解方法

为了缩减检测用时与降低综合成本,对农产品中铅、镉、铬、汞、砷的检测方法进行改进,对检测条件进行优化和协调试验,探索一次性消解定容同时检测5种重金属元素的可行性。通过理论分析和试验研究,参考国标方法和成熟文献上的方法,消解用酸中加入盐酸和高氯酸,消解前120℃预消解30 min,消解赶酸后加入20 g/L硫脲+50 g/L抗坏血酸溶液转移定容,铅、镉检测加入磷酸二氢铵基体改进剂,砷、汞同时检测。通过条件取舍与优化,达到使用原子吸收(AAS)和原子荧光(AFS)同时检测的目的。检测标准物质和标准溶液,测定值均在其1倍不确定度范围内,准确度良好,相对标准偏差均小于20%,精密度良好。改进方法检测结果较准确,操作简便,适用于利用AAS和AFS对农产品中铅、镉、铬、汞、砷的测定。

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定铅冶炼工作场所空气中的铊砷镉等有害元素

针对铅冶炼工作场所空气中的铊、砷、镉等的含量的快速检测难题,利用升级改造后电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,通过使用微孔滤膜收集空气中烟尘,采用高氯酸、硝酸进行消解溶样,配制铊、砷、镉等标准溶液,使用ICP-AES仪器进行铊、砷、镉谱线的选择和干扰校正,能够实现一次溶样,同时完成多种重金属有害元素测定,方法准确快捷,试验研究加标回收率在98%~103%之间,铊、砷、镉的检出限分别达到0.001 5μg/mL、0.002 1μg/m、0.000 1μg/mL等,很好地满足了企业对空气中有害元素快速检测需求。

典型铅冶炼企业砷锑烟尘资源化制备Sb_(2)O_(3)

砷锑烟尘是铅冶炼企业产生的一种高锑高砷固体粉末,对冶炼区环境构成了重大威胁。如何实现砷锑烟尘的资源化回收和无害化处理,是当前重金属冶炼企业所面临的共性难题。本文提出了一种砷锑烟尘真空气化-冷凝清洁制备Sb_(2)O_(3)的新方法。ICP结果表明,砷锑烟尘经低温、高温两段真空气化-冷凝处理,Sb_(2)O_(3)含量由73.96%升高至91.35%,As元素含量由18.10%降低至6.20%,其余杂质含量占比不超过0.17%。XRD结果表明,锑以Sb_(2)O_(3)形态气化迁移-冷凝,杂质砷以As_(2)O_(3)形态迁移挥发,两物相分离效果显著。SEM和EPMA分析表明,制备出的Sb_(2)O_(3)产品颗粒粒径分布均匀。整个过程废气、废水零排放,无试剂消耗,对铅冶炼企业周边生态环境的影响轻微。

84%王铜水分散粒剂中镉、铅、砷分析方法研究

本文采用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光光谱法,测定84%王铜水分散粒剂中镉、铅、砷的含量。以空气—乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法,于228.8 nm波长处,测定镉含量,于283.3 nm波长处测定铅含量;以氩气—砷空心阴极灯原子荧光光谱法测定砷含量。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数分别为0.99482、0.99986、0.99737,标准偏差为0.039、0.18、0.0052,变异系数为5.3%、5.6%、3.2%,平均回收率分别为98.2%、94.5%、101.9%。该方法简便快捷,灵敏度、精密度和准确度高,适用于镉、铅、砷的定量分析。

HPLC与ICP-MS联用测定腌制水产品中镉、铅和砷

通过HPLC与ICP-MS联用方法,对三种腌制水产品中的镉、铅及不同种类的砷进行分析,并利用经认证的参考物质验证加标回收试验。结果表明,镉、铅及不同种类的砷的标准曲线在0.0107~2.1500mg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,加标平均回收率为91.8%~95.7%。在不同种类的砷测试中,砷甜菜碱的含量最多(范围为0.233~2.480 mg/kg),未检测出无机砷(As^(3+)与As^(5+))。此外,海洋生物中高含量的砷甜菜碱表明砷在生物体内富集。

砷、镉、铅复合污染场地修复实例研究

通过对该项目的研究,分析重金属污染场地修复工程的全流程。分析固化稳定化修复砷、镉、铅复合污染土壤的工程实例。确认固化稳定化修复重金属污染土壤的原理是通过固化稳定化药剂与重金属进行物理化学反应生产难溶物质固定在土壤中防止其浸出,降低其危害,但并没有完全消除危害,需配合阻隔填埋、长期监测和场地管控措施综合使用。同时,对不同固化稳定化药剂选择,确认一种商品化的药剂,对此项目的长期研究可以评估此药剂的长期效果,为类似其他项目的选用提供相应工程技术和药剂固化效果参考。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定运动员食品中铅、砷、镉、铜

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to determine copper, arsenic, cadmium, lead in athletic food using Sc, Ge, In, Bi as an internal standard. The linear correlation factor for four elements are higher than 0.999. Recoveries of spiked samples are in the range of 85.5%-115.5% and precision was fine, RSD is lower than 5.0%. And these are close agreement with the reference values in three standard reference materials of GBW08503, NBS1568, GBW08571. It indicates that the method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate, which can meet the demand for copper, arsenic, cadmium, lead analysis in athletic food.

粗铅冶炼过程中砷镉铊的走向分布及治理措施

在粗铅冶炼工艺中,铅精矿和其他含铅物料中的砷、镉、铊分布于各工序环节,不利于有价金属资源的回收,而且加大了冶炼废弃物的处理难度,另外还对人体健康和环境造成负面影响。现有文献对于砷、镉、铊在粗铅冶炼过程中的分布及趋向还未见报道,本文根据某冶炼企业实际生产情况,统计了2021年及2022年分别为期14d的两套物料平衡数据,对砷、镉、铊在各冶炼工序的分布进行了分析,得到以下结论。砷的分布情况:在底吹炉工序中,约85%砷进入高铅渣,约9%砷进入烟灰,约6%砷进入硫酸净化污酸系统;在还原炉工序,约70%以上砷形成铅铜锍进入粗铅,约20%砷进入还原炉烟灰,10%以下的砷通过还原渣进入烟化炉。镉、铊的分布情况:高度富集于底吹炉和侧吹炉烟灰中,其中底吹炉烟灰中富集比例为85%~95%,只有5%~15%进入高铅渣转至还原炉工序,极少部分进入硫酸系统。企业采用开路底吹炉烟尘方式减少粗铅冶炼系统中砷、镉、铊的含量,开路标准是烟尘含镉超过20%时从收尘系统开路,当烟尘含镉低于15%停止开路,取出的烟尘可直接作为回收镉的原料外售。本文分析结果及解决方法可为同类企业控制冶炼系统中砷镉铊的分布提供参考。

保健食品中4种有害重金属的检测与分析

目的:检测辅助降血脂类、增强免疫力类、辅助降血压类、营养补充剂类等四大类保健食品中铅、汞、砷、镉的含量,评价重金属残留情况,为保健食品的质量安全评价提供参考。方法:采用原子吸收光谱仪测定镉、铅含量,采用原子荧光光谱仪测定汞与砷的含量,并进行方法学考察。结果:4种元素在相应浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995;加标回收率在93.2%~98.2%;4种保健食品中镉的含量为0~0.13 mg·kg^(-1),铅含量为0~0.55 mg·kg^(-1),汞含量为0~0.25 mg·kg^(-1),砷含量为0~0.30 mg·kg^(-1)。结论:80批保健食品质量总体良好,其中增强免疫力类及辅助降血压类保健食品中汞与铅含量相对较高。

南宁市米粉污染物监测情况分析

目的:为了了解南宁市米粉食品安全现状,分析南宁市干湿米粉镉、铅、总砷、含铝添加剂和二氧化硫超标及检出情况,为食品安全风险监测、评估、预警提供科学依据。方法:2020—2023年按照《广西食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的要求随机抽样,采集317份样品。按照《广西食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》相应的操作程序和规定标准进行检测。结果:所采集的米粉中镉、铅、总砷的超标率分别为0.64%、0.32%、0.43%,含铝添加剂、二氧化硫的检出率分别为14.88%、7.18%。结论:南宁市米粉受镉、铅、总砷污染较轻,未受到含铝添加剂污染,可能存在二氧化硫摄入过量的风险。建议继续关注米粉中镉、铅、砷、二氧化硫的污染情况。

云南省主要野生食用菌中重金属调查

【目的】调查云南主要野生食用菌中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)的背景值,研究不同种类野生食用菌的重金属富集规律,为野生食用菌食品安全评估提供科学依据。【方法】在云南省25个县采集茶褐牛肝菌(Boletus brunneissimus)、皱皮疣柄牛肝菌(Boletus duriusculus)、美味牛肝菌(Boletus edulis)、白牛肝菌(Boletus granulatus)、灰褐牛肝菌(Boletus griseus)、华丽牛肝菌(Boletus magnificus)、鸡油菌(Cantharellus cibarius)、梭柄松苞菇(Catathelasma ventricosum)、变绿红菇(Russula virescens)、鸡菌(Termitomyces albuminosus)、干巴菌(Thelephora ganbajun)、松茸(Tricholoma matsutake)等12种野生食用菌共165个鲜样,分别采用硝酸-高氯酸湿式消解法和高压消解法对As、Cd、Hg、Pb含量进行测定。【结果】不同种类的野生食用菌中As、Cd、Hg、Pb含量存在差异。其中,As平均含量为0.055-0.515mg·kg-1,最高的是松茸,最低的是华丽牛肝菌;Cd平均含量为0.039-1.280mg·kg-1,最高的是鸡菌,最低的是茶褐牛肝菌;Hg平均含量为0.015-0.608mg·kg-1,最高的是美味牛肝菌,最低的是干巴菌;Pb平均含量为0.272-1.782mg·kg-1,最高的是鸡菌,最低的是白牛肝菌。【结论】在这12种食用菌中,不同种类的野生食用菌As、Cd、Hg和Pb含量存在显著差异。