A Virgin Land to be Cultivated:On the Aesthetics of Folk Literature and Art

In terms of the aesthetic of folk literature and art,most researchers explain it drawing on general aesthetic theory,but pay less attention to the specific context and logic of individual cases.Folk aesthetics is deeply rooted in folk life,including local nature,village culture,farming life and folk belief.These folklore factors constitute the“local logic”,which regulates and influences folk aesthetic culture.The hidden“grammar”must be found in the folk life of the masses with a view to explaining the“essence”of folk aesthetics effectively.The concept of folk literature and art is understood in two different ways:One interprets it as“study of art and literature of folks”,regarding folk as a modifier of study of art and literature.Folk literature and art is regarded as the research object and the discipline is defined according to literary standard.This concept is from the perspective of literary studies,emphasizing that“folk literature and art is a special study of literature and art”.The other interprets it as“study of folk literature and art”,treating literature and art among the folks as the research object and defining the discipline in accordance with cultural standard.This concept is from the perspective of cultural studies.

On the Ethical Dimensions of Literary Criticism in the Realm of We Media

In the realm of We Media,literary criticism is not completely free and unrestricted during its continuous production process;instead,it should adhere to certain ethical norms.The ethical dimensions of literary criticism in We Media focus on fostering a fair relationship between criticism activities and text,society,and the audience in order to facilitate healthy and orderly criticism that yields positive outcomes.The ethics of literary criticism in We Media can be categorized into aesthetic ethics,cultural ethics,political ethics,and media ethics within its internal structure,all of which ultimately converge into the realm of art production ethics.It is important to embrace a consciousness of intersubjectivity and adopt a cognitive approach of situationism in order to avoid blind restrictions and misjudgments in order to foster a positive and healthy ecosystem for literary criticism in We Media.Additionally,it is crucial to adhere to bottom-line thinking and emphasize responsibility,taste,and discipline while regulating the field of criticism,the audience,and critical text.

Comparison on Cultural Connotation of Plant in Treasure Island and The Swordsman

In the development of human civilization, plant has been closely attached to human beings, and also been endowed with rich cultural imagery. However, ascribed to the differences between Chinese and English cultures, plant of the same kind exhibits similar, distinct or vacant characteristics. This paper adopts comparison method so as to compare and to analyze the differences and similarities of cultural connotation contained in plant emerging in Treasure Island （a representative of western adventure literature） and The Swordsman （a representative of Chinese martial arts literature） and roles plant plays in a certain chapter, or the whole story. The literature study presents a general knowledge of research theories in this field and cultural background. Moreover, the induction method integrates and summarizes the prior analyses and researches. Reasons underlying those cultural differences are also expounded, including legend and folklore, literature works and convention and custom. The conclusion is that analyzing the cultural connotation of plant is of significance for understanding the corresponding cultural differences as well as appreciating adventure and martial arts literature.

Discussion about contemporary Chinese cultural criticism and mass culture

Contemporary Chinese cultural criticism is facing traditional three factors. That are： literary criticism, belletristic criticism and Chinese-style criticism; contemporary transformation from western cultural criticism and consciousness of problems in contemporary Chinese culture together form a problem domain of cultural criticism; during the 30 years, literary discipline knowledge has evolved from the aesthetic to the culture and the weakening and missing of beauty and poetry become a weakness of cultural criticism. Concerning about the study of repression mechanism for appreciation as well as strengthening the aesthetic nature is the proper attitude literary researcher should have while intervening cultural criticism.

The Concept of Shared Destiny in the Ainu Spiritual Belief

The Ainu are the only ethnic minority officially recognized in Japan.Ainu culture is not only a new entry point for understanding Japanese culture,but also an important medium for exploring ancient Asian civilization.This article analyzes the Ainu folk songs and legends and other oral literature and discovers:The Ainu people respect and thank the gods,and accept the gifts and punishments of the gods.However,the Ainu claim that human beings have autonomy through the belief that humans have the right to punish gods,and those humans and gods can strive for an equal two-way relationship.In addition,the Ainu emphasize the importance of coexistence between humans and other creatures in nature.It is believed that hunting and fishing are not blasphemy,but acceptances of the gifts from the gods.However,it is advocated that human beings and other creatures should give each other living space and maintain the balance of symbiosis and coexistence.The Ainu belief in relative equality with gods and coexistence with nature reflects the concept of“shared destiny”in ancient Asian civilizations.It provides an important reference for the development of modern human society.

The Construction of a Discourse System for Literature Research in Contemporary China

The construction of the literature research discourse in the seven decades since the foundation of the PRC has shown an upward spiral, from 'state/collective discourse' to 'society/individual discourse' and thence to 'world/human discourse.' These related but different discourses have worked together to facilitate literary writing and literature research. During the last 70 years of literature research, the Marxist theory of literature and art has always played a guiding role. Having close links with Chinese literary practice, Marxist theory has had a fundamental impact on the construction of the Chinese literature research discourse system. The emergence of 'state/collective discourse,' 'society/individual discourse' and 'world/human discourse' is an integral, historical, logical and dynamic process. Chinese literature research discourse should be constantly innovated and developed with a vision that looks to the world and the future, in order to contribute Chinese wisdom to dialogues between different academic discourses in the world and thus demonstrate the unique value of Chinese academic research in the humanities.

Bursting with Mountain Songs： Gender Resistance and Class Struggle in Liu Sanjie

The creation of the classic 1960s film Liu Sanjiewas a complex process, and the intentions and meanings quite varied. In essence, the localized, marginalized, and decentralized folk legend about Liu Sanjie was discovered and transformed into a representation of the Guangxi area and even of China proper--a product of its era＇s emphasis on folk culture and state-sponsored policies in the 1950s concerning the production of art and literature. Liu Sanjie underwent a series of adaptations from folk legend to Guangxi caiagao opera, music and dance opera, and finally to film. It was not just a product made under those policies, but also Liu Sanjie became a model for later revolutionary operas. This paper applies a textual narrative strategy to examine how artists, guided by the literature and art policies, incorporated, adapted, and reiterated the legend of Liu Sanjie to express gender awareness and class struggle.

The Chinese Mind-Nature Realism Paradigm:A Case Study on A Lifelong Journey

Realist literature and art is a prominent example of a path of literature and art that combines Marxism and Chinese cultural traditions.Marxist literary realism values the role of literature and art in vividly reproducing human social activities.In China,realism has evolved into local forms such as enlightenment realism,revolutionary realism,"scar realism,"and"new realism.""The latter two have been influenced by literary trends such as modernism,as well as the classical Chinese tradition of mind-nature wisdom.A Lifelong Journey represents the maturation of the Chinese mind-nature realism paradigm.Mind-nature realism is a new Chinese aesthetic paradigm originating from the combination of Chinese mind-nature wisdom and the principles of Marxist realist aesthetics.The field of contemporary Chinese literature and art contains literary and artistic production mechanisms and aesthetic power structures that allowed A Lifelong Journey to exert an effect:national orientation,.prioritized industry investment,lived experience,the desire of the audience,artistic creativity,and omnimedia support.A Lifelong Journey presents several aspects of the aesthetic paradigm of Chinese mind-nature realism:the blending of truth and goodness,evocative archetypes,formation of personality through geography and contemporary trends,simultaneous praise and criticism,and a"flow-back"style.It serves as a model for current and future literary narratives in various genres.