Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and...Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and efficacy. Numerous recorded cases of intoxication and toxicological studies reveal that medicinal plants can be toxic, which hinders their safe use. Plant intoxications related to a variety of factors include plant organs and many extraction solvents. Little toxicological data on medicinal plants is available. The need to investigate is important for safe use. Imperata cylindrica, a poaceae, is one of the medicinal plants for which few toxicological data are available. Materials & Methods: To expand toxicological data, water, 70% ethanol, and 30% acetone extracts of the leaves and roots, obtained by maceration and reflux methods, were used for phytochemicals molecules qualitative detection and toxicity test by the brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The qualitative analysis of the different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, saponins, and polyterpenoids. The toxicity endpoint was lethal concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>). The leaves’ extracts LC<sub>50</sub> was between 489.78 μg/mL and 1066.6 μg/mL. As for the root extracts, the LC<sub>50</sub> was between 341.98 μg/mL and 1530 μg/mL. Discussion: The different compounds’ presence justifies the use of Imperata cylindrica as a medicinal plant. According to Clarkson classification the root extracts are moderately toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 168.47 μg/mL), and leaf extracts are weakly toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 527.25 μg/mL). The extrapolation made in relation to the Gosselin, Smith, and Hodge scale, allows us to characterize the Imperata cylindrica root and leaf extracts as non-toxic to humans by oral route. Conclusion: This result can be a base for more precise toxicological studies.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate leaves extract of Azima tetracantha and Gmelina asiatica for lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity ...Objective:To evaluate leaves extract of Azima tetracantha and Gmelina asiatica for lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity gradients of petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform,acetone,ethanol and methanol.The extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic potential.Results:In the brine shrimp lethality assay of all extracts,exception of acetone,ethanol and petroleum ether extracts Gmelina asiatica displayed 100%mortality at 1000μg/mL by Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana.Chloroform extract was the most potent and presented the highest percentage of mortality with the lowest LC_(50)values by both assay too.Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest the presence of photochemical possessing cytotoxic agents.展开更多
The requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid ) for growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was tested using Artemia with various levels of n-3 HUFA. Four tueatments w...The requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid ) for growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was tested using Artemia with various levels of n-3 HUFA. Four tueatments with Artemia differing in theirn-3 HUFA were prepared by feeding them various oil emulsions .The results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influences fish n-3 HUFA levels and are necessary for good growth and survival of black seabream larvae . The proper value of n-3 HUFA level and DHA, EPA level in Artemia should be 4.273% and 0.873% (wet weight) for good growth and survival in black seabream larvae respectively.展开更多
This study investigated the effect of different ozone concentration on the hatching rate of Artemia salina cysts and the survival rate of hatched nauplii. In the same time we have done some researches on the disinfect...This study investigated the effect of different ozone concentration on the hatching rate of Artemia salina cysts and the survival rate of hatched nauplii. In the same time we have done some researches on the disinfect effect of ozone . The result indicates that low ozone concentration can increase the hatching rate of Artemia salina cysts, the concentration about 0.87mg/L is the best level for hatching,and the safe concentration to hatch Artemia salina nauplius is under 0.60 mg/L. According to the curve of ozone declining in seawater, we suggest that using the concentration 0.8～0.9 mg/L to treat the incubation water should increase the rates of hatch Artemia salina cysts and be safe to Artemia salina nauplii.展开更多
文摘Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and efficacy. Numerous recorded cases of intoxication and toxicological studies reveal that medicinal plants can be toxic, which hinders their safe use. Plant intoxications related to a variety of factors include plant organs and many extraction solvents. Little toxicological data on medicinal plants is available. The need to investigate is important for safe use. Imperata cylindrica, a poaceae, is one of the medicinal plants for which few toxicological data are available. Materials & Methods: To expand toxicological data, water, 70% ethanol, and 30% acetone extracts of the leaves and roots, obtained by maceration and reflux methods, were used for phytochemicals molecules qualitative detection and toxicity test by the brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The qualitative analysis of the different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, saponins, and polyterpenoids. The toxicity endpoint was lethal concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>). The leaves’ extracts LC<sub>50</sub> was between 489.78 μg/mL and 1066.6 μg/mL. As for the root extracts, the LC<sub>50</sub> was between 341.98 μg/mL and 1530 μg/mL. Discussion: The different compounds’ presence justifies the use of Imperata cylindrica as a medicinal plant. According to Clarkson classification the root extracts are moderately toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 168.47 μg/mL), and leaf extracts are weakly toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 527.25 μg/mL). The extrapolation made in relation to the Gosselin, Smith, and Hodge scale, allows us to characterize the Imperata cylindrica root and leaf extracts as non-toxic to humans by oral route. Conclusion: This result can be a base for more precise toxicological studies.
文摘Objective:To evaluate leaves extract of Azima tetracantha and Gmelina asiatica for lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity gradients of petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform,acetone,ethanol and methanol.The extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic potential.Results:In the brine shrimp lethality assay of all extracts,exception of acetone,ethanol and petroleum ether extracts Gmelina asiatica displayed 100%mortality at 1000μg/mL by Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana.Chloroform extract was the most potent and presented the highest percentage of mortality with the lowest LC_(50)values by both assay too.Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest the presence of photochemical possessing cytotoxic agents.
文摘The requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid ) for growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was tested using Artemia with various levels of n-3 HUFA. Four tueatments with Artemia differing in theirn-3 HUFA were prepared by feeding them various oil emulsions .The results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influences fish n-3 HUFA levels and are necessary for good growth and survival of black seabream larvae . The proper value of n-3 HUFA level and DHA, EPA level in Artemia should be 4.273% and 0.873% (wet weight) for good growth and survival in black seabream larvae respectively.
文摘This study investigated the effect of different ozone concentration on the hatching rate of Artemia salina cysts and the survival rate of hatched nauplii. In the same time we have done some researches on the disinfect effect of ozone . The result indicates that low ozone concentration can increase the hatching rate of Artemia salina cysts, the concentration about 0.87mg/L is the best level for hatching,and the safe concentration to hatch Artemia salina nauplius is under 0.60 mg/L. According to the curve of ozone declining in seawater, we suggest that using the concentration 0.8～0.9 mg/L to treat the incubation water should increase the rates of hatch Artemia salina cysts and be safe to Artemia salina nauplii.
