Antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Artemisiae argyi leaves

A study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activities of essential oil from Artemisiae argyi leaves. The sample of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. From 18 compounds representing the oils, Eucalyptole （18.42%）, Spathulenol （14.32）, 4-Methyl-1-（1-methylethyl）-3-cyclohexen-1-ol （3.10%）, 3-Carene （2.64%） appeared as the main components. The screening of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Gram-positive bacterial were more sensitive than gram-negative bacterial of the 8 microorganisms, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 showed the lowest MIC （0.3125%） and MBC （0.625%）. In the disc diffusion assay, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 49134 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 showed obvious inhibitory activity. Survival curve showed that, 2MIC ofArtemisiae argyi essential oil had a lethal effect on Candida albicans within the first 1 h. Results presented here suggest that the essential oil of Artemisiae argyi leaves possesses antimicrobial properties, and provides scientific foundations for exploition ofArtemisiae argyi.

Comparison of Constituents and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia by Steam Distillation and Supercritical-CO_2 Fluid Extraction

Essential oil was extracted from Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC.by steam distillation（SD） and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction（SFE）,respectively.The constituents of the essentil oils extracted with those two methods were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and insecticidal activities of the essential oils were evaluated,then the results were compared to assess their biological activity.Thirty-one compounds were identified in the essential oil extracted by SD,and its main components were eucalyptol,α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol and so on.Twenty-two compounds were identified for the essential oil extracted by SFE,and its main components were cyclodecene,n-hexadecanoic acid and so on.Six chemical compositions were all contained in the essential oils extracted by the two methods,i.e.,eucalyptol,α,α,4-trimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanol,caryophyllene,[3aS-（3aα,3bβ,4β,7α,7aS）]-octahydro-7-methyl-3-methylene-4-（1-methylethyl）-1H-cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa-[1,2]benzene,nerolidol and（-）-Spathulenol.The fumigation toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SD to the adults of Sitophilus zeamais is significantly higher than that of the essential oil by means of SFE.The contact toxicity of the essential oil obtained by means of SFE to the adults of S.zeamais is higher than that of the essential oil obtained by means of SD,but the difference is not significant.

Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial Effect, and Essential Oil Extract from the Leaf of Artemisia afra against on Selected Pathogens

Background: Artemisia afra is an indigenous plant used in Africa. It is used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases caused by bacterial infections. As a result, developing innovative therapeutic methods using natural ingredients to combat pathogenic germs is critical. Methodology: Artemisia afra leaves were extracted using maceration extraction utilizing three solvents (petroleum ether, ethanol, and dichloromethane). Fresh leaves were extracted using hydrodistillation. The agar well diffusion method was used to test the crude extract and essential oil leaves of Artemisia afra against different human pathogenic bacteria strains (E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and K. pneumonia) at different concentrations in the presence of a positive (ciprofloxacin 5.0 μg) and negative (DMSO) control. Results: Artemisia afra revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, coumarins, phenolic quinones, cardiac glycosides, and steroids. It showed that the highest antibacterial activity given by the ethanol extract had highly inhibition zones against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil extract was effective against all tested bacteria. Conclusion: Plant crude extracts and essential oils may have antibacterial properties due to the synergistic activity of two or more active secondary metabolites.

Chemotaxonomic Study of the Covid-Organics of Madagascar Based on the Chemical Composition of Their Essential Oils

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils of “Covid-Organics” of Madagascar (62% Artemisia annua and two other undisclosed medicinal plants) used as curative and preventive treatments of Covid-19, to identify its constituent species. The essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation from two samples (curative and preventive) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. These essential oils (curative and preventive) were mainly dominated by camphor (17.9% and 11.9%, respectively), spathulenol (4.8% and 11.8%, respectively), α-acorenol (4.3% and 3.7%, respectively), (E)-β-caryophyllene (3.4% and 4.2%, respectively), 1,8-cineole (3.1% and 3.6%, respectively), hexadecanoïc acid (3.8% and 3.2%, respectively) and caryophyllene oxide (3.4% and 2.4%, respectively). From the chemical composition, two species were identified, A. annua characterised by camphor and Cinnamomumcamphora (Ravintsara) characterised by 1,8-cineole and sabinene. However, we were unable to identify the third species.

Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. &Kitag from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China

The oils extracted by hydro distillation from the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia waldst. & kitag growing wild in two regions on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were analyzed by GC-MS. Eighty-three components were identified representing 97.5% of the total components detected. The major constituents of the oil from the samples obtained in the eastern of Riyue Mountain (2700 - 3200 m) were 2-ethenyl-naphthalene (45.1%), beta-pinene (11.2%), 3-carene (8.7%), 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6- octatriene (7.9%), limonene (5.4%), alpha-pinene (3.5%) and beta-myrcene (2.0%). Whereas the oil from the plant collected in Qilian Mountain (3300 - 3500 m) was composed mainly of thujone (21.4%), 1,8-cineole (18.9%), camphor (9.1%), 4-methyl-1-(1-methyl ethyl)-3-cyclo hexen-1-ol (7.8%), 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one (5.3%) and 2-isopropyl-5-methyl- 3-cyclohexen-1-one(5.0%).

黄花蒿精油抑菌、抗氧化及毒理学特性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取北京地区黄花蒿精油,通过气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对黄花蒿精油的挥发性成分进行分析,通过测定黄花蒿精油对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除率研究其体外抗氧化活性,采用琼脂扩散法评估抗菌活性,通过灌注小鼠不同剂量黄花蒿精油进行毒理学特性测定。结果表明:黄花蒿精油产率为1.04‰,GC-MS分析鉴定出332种精油组分,其中22个组分占总挥发物的71.09%,相对含量较多的为蒿酮(19.34%)和(+)-α-蒎烯(6.10%);黄花蒿精油有较好的抗氧化性,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除率与添加量呈量效关系,当其浓度为10 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除率最大,分别为40.03%和92.97%;黄花蒿精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有较明显的抑制作用,且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果(12.67±0.29 mm)优于大肠杆菌的抑菌效果(9.27±0.25 mm);黄花蒿精油的LD_(50)为7491 mg/kg,表明黄花蒿精油无毒性。该研究可为黄花蒿等蒿属植物的提取与利用提供理论参考。

肉桂油-艾叶油复配亚微乳制备及协同抗菌研究

目的 探究肉桂油和艾叶油的单一抗菌活性及两者联合使用的抗菌活性,优化肉桂油-艾叶油复配亚微乳处方及工艺,并对其进行初步质量评价。方法 采用微量稀释法测定肉桂油和艾叶油对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠埃希菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);采用棋盘稀释法测定了两种挥发油复配联用的分级抑菌浓度(FIC);采用滤纸片法测定油不同混合比例下抑菌圈直径,以离心稳定常数、粒径和多分散系数(PDI)为评价指标,最终确定亚微乳的最优处方。结果 肉桂油对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.5 μL·mL^(-1),枯草芽孢杆菌及大肠埃希菌的MIC均为1 μL·mL^(-1),艾叶油对三种供试菌的MIC均为16 μL·mL^(-1)。肉桂油和艾叶油对金黄色葡萄球菌起相加作用,对大肠埃希菌和枯草芽孢杆菌起协同作用。复配亚微乳最优处方为肉桂油-艾叶油-大豆磷脂-泊洛沙姆188(P188)-水 2.5∶3∶0.2∶0.8∶93.5,制得的亚微乳为乳白色液体,平均粒径为(130.7±1.2)nm、PDI为0.145±0.02。结论 肉桂油-艾叶油复配亚微乳对金黄色葡萄球、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠埃希菌均有抑制作用,且效果强于挥发油。

三种植物精油和纯露在沐浴露和洗手液中的抑菌抗氧化性能研究

以牛至、迷迭香和艾草的精油和纯露为抑菌抗氧化成分,添加到沐浴露和洗手液中,通过滤纸片法和抑菌率法与添加传统化学抑菌抗氧化剂的产品进行抑菌性能的比较。采用DPPH法、水杨酸法、普鲁士蓝法体外抗氧化实验,比较各产品的抗氧化能力。结果表明:牛至纯露加质量分数在5%~15%,迷迭香纯露加质量分数在1%~15%,艾草纯露加质量分数在1%~15%时对绿脓假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌三种菌为高度敏感。抑菌率实验和现场手消毒实验结果表明添加植物精油和纯露的洗手液及沐浴露产品和添加化学抑菌抗氧化剂的产品对三种供试菌种均有显著的抑菌作用。抗氧化性测定实验结果表明添加醋酸氯己定的沐浴露产品清除DPPH·能力和还原力最强,添加植物精油和纯露的沐浴露产品具有与化学抑菌抗氧化剂沐浴露产品相当的抗氧化能力。添加0.4%的牛至精油或迷迭香精油的洗手液产品抗氧化性强于添加化学抑菌抗氧化剂的洗手液产品。该研究结果可为企业添加牛至、迷迭香及艾草的精油和纯露生产绿色日化产品提供重要的参考依据,为减少日化产品中化学抑菌抗氧化剂的毒性、致癌等危害、发挥天然抑菌抗氧化剂高效抑菌和低毒性等优势提供支持。

蕲艾挥发油通过PI3K/Akt信号通路促进感染性皮肤创口愈合的机制研究

目的观察蕲艾(Artemisia argyi Levl.et Van.var.argyi cv.Qiai)挥发油对感染性皮肤创口愈合的作用并探索其机制。方法将30只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、膜剂基质组、阳性对照组(3 mL·kg^(-1)莫匹罗星软膏)、低剂量膜剂组(每贴含7.3 mg蕲艾挥发油)和高剂量膜剂组(每贴含57.6 mg蕲艾挥发油)。小鼠麻醉后在背部剪一直径10 mm的全层皮肤圆形伤口,止血后在创口处涂抹100μL金黄色葡萄球菌菌液(1.5×10^(8) CFU·mL^(-1)),各组采取前述方式处理伤口,每日换药并观察皮肤创面愈合情况。术后12 d处死小鼠取创面皮肤做HE和Masson染色,观察病理学特征;利用qPCR和Western blot检测创口皮肤组织愈合相关因子Col1a1、Col3a1、Fn1、VEGFA及炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-αmRNA和PI3K/Akt信号通路蛋白的表达。在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞NIH-3T3利用PI3K抑制剂PI-103探究蕲艾挥发油对PI3K/Akt信号通路活性的潜在影响。结果动物实验表明,与空白对照组相比,低剂量和高剂量膜剂组的相对创口面积显著降低;创口组织的炎性细胞浸润减少,胶原纤维表达增加;qPCR显示,与空白对照组相比,低剂量和高剂量膜剂组的VEGFA、Col3a1和Col1a1 mRNA的表达显著上升,炎症因子IL-1β和TNF-αmRNA表达降低;Western blot结果表明,与空白对照组相比,低剂量和高剂量给药组的p-PI3K/PI3K及p-Akt/Akt比值均显著上升并呈现剂量依赖性。细胞实验结果也证实,蕲艾挥发油对NIH-3T3细胞的PI3K/Akt信号通路存在调控作用。结论蕲艾挥发油可促进创口愈合,其机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt信号通路,抑制炎症因子表达及促进胶原表达有关。

内蒙毛乌素沙地油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)挥发油成分的研究

由内蒙毛乌素沙地采集的油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)新鲜茎叶,经水蒸气蒸馏,所得淡黄色挥发油,含量0.43％。挥发油经GC-MS-DS联用分析,并根据气相色谱定量,鉴定出43种化合物。主要成分为α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,β-顺式罗勒烯,茵陈炔及橙花叔醇。其中茵陈炔和茵陈二炔酮在蒿属植物中属不常见成分。这些化学成分的研究,将为探讨油蒿群落的化学生态学问题奠定理论基础。

青蒿油对银屑病小鼠模型的干预作用

目的 初步探究青蒿油(AN)对银屑病小鼠模型的干预作用及对血清炎性因子的影响。方法 构建银屑病小鼠模型,利用随机数字表法,将32只小鼠分为对照组、模型组、阴性对照(NC)组、0.5%AN组、1.0%AN组、1.5%AN组、3.0%AN组和5.0%AN组,每组4只。小鼠背部涂抹咪喹莫特乳膏构建银屑病小鼠模型,将不同浓度的AN按照相应分组进行喷雾给药,连续干预2周。观察各组小鼠皮损情况并进行银屑病面积严重程度指数(PASI)评分;收集各组小鼠皮损部位组织进行HE染色,观察皮损部位病理学改变;采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测血清中炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和IL-6水平。结果 与对照组比较,其余各组小鼠皮损区病理均可见表皮组织增厚,棘突增长并伴有大量炎性细胞浸润;血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6表达水平均显著上调;与模型组或NC比较,各AN干预组小鼠PASI评分、血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6表达水平均有不同程度的降低,病理损伤均呈现不同程度的好转。结论 3.0%及以上AN可缓解银屑病的皮损状况;0.5%AN即可缓解银屑病的炎性反应,其中1.0%、5.0%AN缓解效果显著。

青蒿油对小鼠痤疮模型及皮肤微生态的干预作用研究

目的:评价青蒿油(artemisia naphta oil,AN)对痤疮丙酸杆菌(P.acnes)诱导的小鼠痤疮模型的疗效及皮肤微生态的影响。方法:将48只小鼠分为正常组、模型组、Base组、不同浓度AN干预组(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、3.0%、5.0%AN组),每组6只。P.acnes注射耳朵皮内构建痤疮模型,小鼠右耳出现红肿后,Base组涂抹Base水对照干预,其余给予不同浓度的AN干预,每次涂抹1 mL,每天1次,17天后观察小鼠耳部厚度,HE染色观察皮肤病理,16S rRNA测序分析皮肤微生态变化,Western blot检测IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α含量和TLR2、TLR4、P65、p-P65蛋白表达。结果:模型组小鼠耳部出现红肿、表皮层增厚、真皮层炎症细胞浸润,耳部菌群丰度和多样性降低,其中葡萄球菌、粘质沙门氏菌菌群丰度显著增加,双歧杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、Atopostipes菌群丰度显著下调;IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量和TLR2、TLR4、p-P65/P65蛋白表达显著上升。Base组小鼠TLR2、TLR4、p-P65蛋白表达水平无明显改变。不同浓度AN处理后的小鼠耳部红肿、病理损伤减轻,耳部菌群丰度和多样性改善,葡萄球菌、粘质沙门氏菌显著下调,双歧杆菌属、棒状杆菌属、Atopostipes菌群丰度显著上调,且IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量和TLR2、TLR4、p-P65/P65蛋白表达显著下降。结论:AN可降低促炎因子分泌,减轻皮肤炎症反应,增加皮肤有益菌的丰度,抑制病原菌生长,恢复皮肤微生态平衡,有效改善痤疮炎症样皮损变化。

青蒿油对豚鼠脂溢性皮炎模型的影响

目的:探究青蒿油(AN)对脂溢性皮炎模型皮肤损伤和炎症的干预作用。方法:利用随机数字表法将40只豚鼠分为正常组、模型组、Base组、不同剂量AN干预组(0.5%AN、1.0%AN、1.5%AN、3.0%AN、5.0%AN),每组5只。除正常组外的组别豚鼠麻醉后背部剃毛,在剃毛区域均匀涂抹脱毛膏,随后使用砂纸进行摩擦,并涂抹植物油混合的马拉色菌,使用不同浓度的AN连续干预7 d。观察豚鼠背部红斑、丘疹、鳞屑的情况及真菌菌落数;HE染色观察皮肤组织病理变化;ELISA检测血清中炎症因子水平。结果:与正常组相比,模型组豚鼠背部出现弥漫性红斑及厚鳞屑,真菌菌落数显著上调,IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10含量显著升高;与模型组及Base组相比,不同浓度的AN处理后的豚鼠红斑、丘疹、鳞屑均明显改善,真菌菌落数显著下调,血清中IFN-γ、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10水平降低,当AN浓度达到1.5%时,具有显著性差异。结论:AN可通过降低真菌菌落数和炎症因子水平,缓解豚鼠脂溢性皮炎模型的皮肤损伤。

青蒿油对小鼠痤疮的疗效和机制研究

目的初步探究青蒿油(AN)对小鼠痤疮模型皮肤损伤和炎症状态的干预作用。方法采用随机数字表法将48只小鼠分为正常组、模型组、基质对照组、不同剂量AN干预组(0.5%AN、1.0%AN、1.5%AN、3.0%AN、5.0%AN),每组6只。除正常组小鼠外,其余组小鼠均通过背部皮内注射痤疮丙酸杆菌构建小鼠痤疮模型。当模型构建成功后,模型组正常饲养,基质对照组喷洒1 mL的生理盐水,给药组分别喷洒1 mL不同浓度青蒿油,连续干预7 d。观察小鼠背部皮肤情况并测量皮肤痤疮面积,治疗结束后,收集血清和皮肤组织。HE染色观察皮肤组织病理变化,ELISA检测血清中炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α水平。结果造模5 d后,除正常组之外,其他组别的小鼠背部均出现小包且发生破裂,基部发红且伴随有发炎红肿症状,而用不同浓度AN处理后的小鼠背部发炎红肿情况出现不同程度的缓解,背部小包也开始愈合,其中当AN的浓度超过1.5%时,小鼠背部痤疮的愈合效果更好。与正常组相比,模型组小鼠背部小包破裂皮肤痤疮面积显著增加(P<0.01)。与模型组相比,0.5%AN、1.5%AN、3.0%AN和5.0%AN处理后,小鼠背部皮肤痤疮面积显著减少,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而1.0%AN处理后的小鼠背部皮肤痤疮面积虽减少,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HE染色结果表明,与正常组相比,模型组的真皮层出现炎症细胞浸润、皮肤表皮层增厚,皮肤屏障受损,表皮破溃等;而与模型组相比,不同浓度AN处理后,小鼠背部皮肤受损和发炎症状均有不同程度的改善,当AN浓度超过1.5%时,效果较为显著。ELISA检测显示,模型组中炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α含量均较正常组明显升高(P<0.01);而不同浓度的AN处理后,血清中IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α含量均降低,当AN浓度超过1.5%时,其含量变化差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论AN对小鼠痤疮具有治疗作用,可能与其抑制痤疮过程中的炎症反应有关,但其最适合浓度尚需进一步研究。

野艾蒿化学成分和药理作用研究进展

野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulifolia)为我国传统中药,属于菊科(Compositae)植物,广泛分布于我国东北、华北等地区,具有巨大的开发潜力和丰富的资源。近年来,从野艾蒿中成功分离出许多具有新颖结构和显著药理活性的化合物,相关研究取得了显著进展。该文对野艾蒿的主要化学成分、提取分离方法、结构鉴定技术以及药理作用等方面进行了综合归纳总结。野艾蒿主要化学成分包括79个萜类化合物和挥发油、17个黄酮类化合物、6个木脂素类化合物和2个咖啡酸类化合物,还富含微量元素、维生素和氨基酸。野艾蒿化学成分具有显著的抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、降血脂、抑菌和杀虫等药理作用,但相关机制仍需进一步阐明。在此基础上,该文侧重关注野艾蒿的化学成分和药理作用,以挖掘更多具有临床价值的成分和作用机制。此外,该文也指出了野艾蒿在药用价值和现有研究方面存在的不足之处,并提出了未来的研究方向和建议,以促进野艾蒿的合理药用开发和综合利用,为今后相关研究提供参考和指导。

青蒿提取物舒缓与控油祛痘功效研究

探讨青蒿提取物的舒缓与控油祛痘功效及作用机制。采用透明质酸酶生化反应检验青蒿提取物的舒缓功效,利用细胞模型考察青蒿提取物舒缓与控油效果,使用悬液定量法研究青蒿提取物对痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,青蒿提取物可有效抑制透明质酸降解(P<0.05);青蒿提取物可显著抑制RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6(P<0.05);青蒿提取物在体积分数0.5%、0.25%、0.125%时可显著抑制SZ95细胞分泌油脂(P<0.05);青蒿提取物对痤疮丙酸杆菌最小抑菌浓度是0.625%,对痤疮丙酸杆菌抑菌率随着青蒿提取物浓度增加而升高。青蒿提取物可通过舒缓与控油达到祛痘功效,且该功能可能通过减少透明质酸降解、抑制炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6产生的炎症通路,抑制油脂分泌以及抑制痤疮丙酸杆菌的生长共同实现。

基于GC-MS分析蕲艾挥发油成分及其抑菌活性研究

目的:分析半仿生法提取-水蒸气蒸馏法提取蕲艾挥发油的主要化学成分,对蕲艾挥发油抑菌活性进行研究。方法:采用半仿生法提取-水蒸气蒸馏法提取蕲艾挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对其化学成分进行鉴定,用面积归一化法计算各组分的相对百分含量。通过平板涂布法和二倍梯度液体稀释法考察蕲艾挥发油的抑菌效果。结果:蕲艾挥发油检测到52种化学成分,初步鉴定了20种化合物,占总挥发性成分的95.95%,其化学成分主要为蒿醇(55.49%)、3,3,6-三甲基-1,4-庚二烯-6-醇(15.37%)、桉油精(11.87%)和4-萜烯醇(3.50%)等,以醇类居多。蕲艾挥发油对金黄葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、沙门菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌、黑曲霉、黄曲霉有显著的抑菌作用。结论:蕲艾挥发油主要由醇类组成,并具有较好的抑菌活性。

盐池湾自然保护区黄蒿(Artemisia annua)挥发油成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从盐池湾黄蒿(Artemisia annua)中提取挥发油,分析盐池湾地区不同生长阶段6月(A样品)和7月(B样品)黄蒿挥发油的主要化学成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用法对其化学成分进行测定,采用归一法计算各组分的含量.从两个不同生长期黄蒿的挥发油中分别鉴定出了21和23种成分,其中相同成分8种.分子式为C15H24的1H-Cycloprop[e]azulene,1a,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7b-octahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-,1aR-(1a.alpha.,4.alpha.,4a.beta.,7b.alpha.)为样品A化学成分中含量最高的单一成分,匹配度达到98%,含量达到11.502%.桉油精(C10H18O)为样品B化学成分中含量最高的单一成分,匹配度达到96%,含量达到7.913%.两个生长阶段的黄蒿虽然其挥发油主要组成部分的种类及含量很相近,但化学成分种类及数量方面存在明显差异.盐池湾地区的黄蒿所检测出的化合物中只有3种与其他产地黄蒿相同,其他化合物均属首次检测到.

Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of Cymbopogon validus(Stapf) Stapf ex Burtt Davy from Eastern Cape, South Africa

Objective: To evaluate the essential oil composition and the anti-inflammatory activity of Cymbopogon validus(C. validus) leaves and flowers. Methods: A total of 300 g of fresh or dry(leaves and flowers) of C. validus were cut into small pieces and subjected to hydro-distillation method for approximately 5 h using the Clevenger apparatus. The extracted essential oils were then used for testing the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using egg-albumin induced paw edema. Results: The extracted oils had the following yields 2.2% for fresh leaves, 2.0% for dry leaves and 2.4% v/w for dry flowers. GCMS results revealed that the oils contained artemisia ketone(37.5%), linalool(3.2%-29.6%), northujane(4.4%-16.8%), verbenone(13.5%), naphthalene(1.7%-9.6%), δ-cadinene(0.5%-8.1%), hedycaryol(5.4%-7.6%) and α-eudesmol(6.5%-6.7%) as the major constituents. C. validus essential oils showed significant(P<0.05) anti-inflammatory effects from the first 30 min after albumin injection compared to aspirin which had a later onset of effect. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that the essential oil extracted from C. validus fresh or dry leaves and flowers have anti-inflammatory properties; that might be associated with the major components and the minor components found in the essential oils.

四种蒿属植物精油对斑翅果蝇的生物活性

斑翅果蝇因其传播速度快,传播范围广的特点对全球水果产业造成了严重危害。本文利用4种蒿属植物精油,即华北米蒿精油、猪毛蒿精油、莳萝蒿精油和黄花蒿精油,对斑翅果蝇开展了生物防治研究,系统探讨了4种精油的杀虫活性。本研究,旨在挖掘新型环保的植物源杀虫剂。利用熏蒸、驱避和对幼虫的致死效应,探究4种精油对斑翅果蝇的生物活性;采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对4种蒿属精油的化学成分进行分析。熏蒸试验表明4种精油均具有较好的杀虫特性,其中华北米蒿精油对果蝇的熏蒸效果最好,LC50为1.421μL/mL,莳萝蒿精油次之,LC_(50)为3.499μL/mL,黄花蒿精油效果最差;驱避试验表明华北米蒿精油驱虫效果最佳,驱虫率为86%,黄花蒿精油驱虫效果最差,驱虫率为50%;对幼虫的致死效应表明,在猪毛蒿精油作用下,斑翅果蝇幼虫致死率达到70%,莳萝蒿精油效果最差,幼虫死亡率为40%;GC-MS分析结果表明,四种精油共82种成分,并且β-石竹烯、4-萜品醇和1,8-桉叶素是4种精油中的常见化合物。综上研究结果表明,四种精油对斑翅果蝇有较强的杀虫效果,值得进一步研究,并为开发绿色无公害的植物源杀虫剂奠定了理论基础。