Chemical constituents and biological activities of Artemisiae argyi

Artemisiae argyi(A.argyi)is a traditional medical plant,with medicinal and economic value.It has been used to treat diseases for more than 2000 years,and its application has been expanded in recent years with the in-depth research on the chemical composition and pharmacology.It is mainly used clinically for the treatment of“cold pain in the abdomen,cold clotting in the menstrual channels,cold infertility in the uterus,fetal movement,vomiting blood,epistaxis,pus and blood dysentery,and external treatment of itchy skin”and other symptoms.This paper reviews the research on the biological activity and chemical composition of A.argyi by scholars in recent decades.

Effect of Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) Extracts on Hemolysis in Individuals with G6PD-Deficiency

Individuals with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are susceptible to hemolytic anemia when exposed to pro-oxidant substances. This study investigates the hemolytic impact of Artemisia annua (A. annua) extracts in G6PD-deficient subjects through a mixed experimental approach. In the in vitro phase, red blood cells from G6PD-deficient individuals and rats induced with Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were exposed to various concentrations of A. annua infusion, with distilled water and physiological saline as positive and negative controls respectively. The in vivo study involved G6PD-deficient Wistar rats divided into three groups receiving A. annua infusion, quinine (positive control), and distilled water (negative control) via gavage. Blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analyses. Notably, at a 40% concentration of A. annua infusion, there was a significant increase in the hemolysis rate of G6PD-deficient red blood cells compared to controls (p A. annua exhibited elevated aspartate aminotransferase (129.25 ± 4.55 U/L vs. 80.09 ± 4.03 U/L;p A. annua infusion tested positive for saponins. These findings underscore the risk of hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals upon ingesting A. annua.

Antibacterial,antioxidant and antiproliferation activities of essential oils and ethanolic extracts from Chinese mugwort(Artemisia vulgaris L.)leaf in Shanxi

Background:Artemisia vulgaris,a medicinal aromatic plant,is widely used as a food item,tonic pharmaceutical,and cosmetic industry additive owing to its antibacterial,antihypertensive,hepatoprotective,antioxidant,and antispasmodic properties.But the effect of different geographic locations on the chemical composition and bioactivities of its extracts is unclear.Methods:Biological activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts of three varieties of Artemisia vulgaris leaves,which are grown in Shanxi province China,were studied.Results:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main components of essential oils were terpenes and ketones.Essential oils and ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves possessed good antioxidant activities,and their half maximal inhibitory concentrations determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)assays were 57.0 and 22.9μg/mL,respectively.The essential oils also exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against three foodborne pathogenic bacterial strains.The ethanol extract presented a high anticancer activity against the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line.Conclusion:These biological activities were well correlated with the composition of the extract and EOs,which in turn is affected by the genetic composition of Artemisia vulgaris and geographic location and diverse climatic condition under which it is grown.These findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of Artemisia vulgaris as a valuable source of antioxidant,antibacterial,and anticancer agents.

Structural Features of Nuclei in Leaf Mesophyll Cells of Salt-Tolerant Artemisia marschalliana

All nuclei in mesophyll cells of Artemisia marschalliana are located in vacuoles and occupy up to 90% of their volume. The ultrastructural organization of chromatin in nuclei shows different degrees of its decondensation, up to complete separation of DNA from histones. It is possible that the separation of DNA from histones enables Artemisia to grow in soils with high salinity.

Resistance of Microbial Community of Artemisia annua L.to Pathogenic Fungi

[Objectives]This paper was to figure out whether the dominant bacterial community has the role and effect of bacterial community and its defense mechanism against potential pathogenic fungi in Artemisia annua,and thus establish a systematic model of bacteria-fungus-plant.[Methods]Fifty-eight strains of bacteria and one strain of pathogenic fungi,Globisporangium ultimatum,were used for the experiments.These 58 bacterial strains were assembled into a bacterial community,and the bacteria with abundance in the top 1%were reassembled into a dominant bacterial community as measured by 16S rDNA.[Results]The growth of A.annua seedlings inoculated with bacterial communities and pathogenic fungi or dominant bacterial communities and pathogenic fungi was significantly better than that of A.annua seedlings inoculated with pathogenic fungi during in vitro confrontation,which was evident in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant assays.[Conclusions]The results suggest that the dominant bacterial community has a crucial role as a representative core microbial community of synthetic bacterial community,which can protect plants by interfering with the growth of phytopathogenic fungi mediated by chemical signals,and can be used as the main synthetic community of biocides to achieve the effect of biocontrol.

Chem Office软件在精细化工教学中的应用研究

介绍了Chem Office软件包(包括Chem Draw软件和Chem 3D软件)在精细化工领域中的广泛应用.Chem Office软件的应用性和综合性较强,将Chem Office软件融入精细化工教学课程中,使学生在学习理论知识的同时,掌握计算机在精细化工中的应用以及软件的相关功能和操作方法.利用软件高效的绘图功能、强大的计算能力和三维立体构图功能,解决了精细化工课程中各种难题.

“双碳”战略和新工科背景下多学科交叉人才培养与Chem-E-Car竞赛的融合实践

“双碳”重大战略背景下,高校应根据新工科发展要求,加快培养“双碳”领域工程科技人才。文章基于新工科人才培养理念,从培养实践创新能力、扩展学生培养途径、完善竞赛培训体系和建设指导教师队伍4个方“双碳”人才培养模式,培养一批优秀的具有国际化视野的“双碳”人才。

让Chem3D助力高中有机化学分子结构教学

有机化学是化学科学极为重要的分支,也是高中化学教学内容的重要组成部分。有机物种类繁多,要学好高中有机化学,必须清楚某些有代表性的有机物的分子结构,结构决定性质在有机化学的学习中尤为重要。随着信息技术的不断发展,使用VRML构建有机物分子结构模型的方式逐渐被另一种专业的化学辅助软件所替代,那就是Chem3D,尽管该类型的软件在大学化学学习或研究中使用得较为常见,但是对于中学化学教学仍属新领域。

Chemical composition,antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oil and methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris and Gaultheria fragrantissima collected from Nepal

Objective: To identify the chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oil and crude methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris(A.vulgaris) and Gaultheria fragrantissima(G.fragrantissima).Methods: Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antibacterial activities, anti-oxidant assay of the crude extract were carried out to identify the biological activities and phytonutrients present in the extract.Furthermore, the chemical constituents present in the essential oil and crude methanol extract were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis.Results: Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis of essential oil from the aerial part of A.vulgaris revealed 24 different compounds in it.Sabinene(11.29%), b-thujone(19.19%), chrysanthenone(4.48%), camphor(11.89%), borneol(4.44%) and germacrene D(8.42%) were the major compounds.Similarly, leaves of G.fragrantissima contained methyl salicylate(95%) and asarone(4.64%).Furthermore, methanol extract of leaves of A.vulgaris and G.fragrantissima were found rich in the total flavonoids and phenolic content.HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of leaves A.vulgaris revealed the presence of morin and luteolin, whereas rutin was found as a major flavonoids compound in the leaves of G.fragrantissima.Further, methanol extract of the A.vulgaris and G.fragrantissima showed the highest antioxidant and antibacterial properties compared to the essential oil.Conclusions: The HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of A.vulgaris shows the presence of luteolin and morin, whereas G.fragrantissima reveals the presence of rutin and a glycosylated flavonoids.Results reveal that A.vulgaris oil is the rich source of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds.Furthermore, A.vulgaris and G.fragrantissima are the rich source of the phenolic and flavonoids compounds and show good antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Chemical Composition of Artemisia subdigitata Mattf.

[Objectives] The aim was to study the chemical composition of the aboveground part of Artemisia subdigitata Mattf. [Methods]Using the systemic preparative test,the water extract,ethanol extract and petroleum ether extract of the aboveground part of A. subdigitata were subjected to physiochemical identification,and the contained chemical constituents were identified preliminarily. [Results] The preliminary comparisons of preparative test results of the aboveground part of A. subdigitata suggested that the whole plant may contain saponins,tannins,phenols,flavonoids,anthraquinones,coumarins,lactones,alkaloids,sterides or triterpenes,volatile oils and oils. [Conclusions]A. subdigitata contains a variety of chemical constituents. This study provides certain experimental basis for the further research and development and utilization of A. subdigitata.

<i>Artemisia vulgaris</i>L. Chemotypes

Artemisia vulgaris L. was collected from various regions in the USA and Montreal Canada. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to identify the analytes present in the volatiles extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction of the crushed leaves and flowers. Four distinct chemotypes are were found: One featuring the coexistence of ar-curcumene and α-zingiberene;two marked by the presence or absence of thujone and santolinatriene;and a fourth characterized by the presence of crysanthenyl acetate (40%). DNA was used to confirm the identity of Artemisia vulgaris L.

Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial Effect, and Essential Oil Extract from the Leaf of Artemisia afra against on Selected Pathogens

Background: Artemisia afra is an indigenous plant used in Africa. It is used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases caused by bacterial infections. As a result, developing innovative therapeutic methods using natural ingredients to combat pathogenic germs is critical. Methodology: Artemisia afra leaves were extracted using maceration extraction utilizing three solvents (petroleum ether, ethanol, and dichloromethane). Fresh leaves were extracted using hydrodistillation. The agar well diffusion method was used to test the crude extract and essential oil leaves of Artemisia afra against different human pathogenic bacteria strains (E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, and K. pneumonia) at different concentrations in the presence of a positive (ciprofloxacin 5.0 μg) and negative (DMSO) control. Results: Artemisia afra revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, coumarins, phenolic quinones, cardiac glycosides, and steroids. It showed that the highest antibacterial activity given by the ethanol extract had highly inhibition zones against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil extract was effective against all tested bacteria. Conclusion: Plant crude extracts and essential oils may have antibacterial properties due to the synergistic activity of two or more active secondary metabolites.

Rapid chemome profiling of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. using direct infusion-mass spectrometry

Background:As one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)for the treatment of various liver diseases,virgate wormwood herb(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)has a long application history in TCM practices.It has been well established that the chemical composition is responsible for the pronounced therapeutic spectrum of A.capillaris.Although they are comprehensive,the time-intensive liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LCeMS/MS)assays cannot fully satisfy the analytical measurement workload from many test samples.Direct infusion-MS/MS(DIeMS/MS)may be the optimal choice to achieve high-throughput analysis if the mass spectrometer can universally record MS2 spectra.Methods:According to the application of gas phase ion fractionation concept,the MS/MSALL program enables to gain MS2 spectrum for each nominal m/z value with a data-independent acquisition algorithm via segmenting the entire MS1 ion cohort into sequential ion pieces with 1 Da width,when sufficient measurement time is allowed by DI approach.Here,rapid clarification of the chemical composition was attempted for A.capillaris using DIeMS/MSALL.A.capillaris extract was imported directly into the electrospray ionization interface to obtain the MS/MSALL measurement.After the MS1-MS2 dataset was well organized,we focused on structural characterization through retrieving information from the available databases and literature.Results:Twenty-six compounds were found,including 12 caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives,7 flavonoids,and 7 compounds belonging to other chemical families.Among them,24 ones were structurally identified.Compared with the LCeMS/MS technique,DIeMS/MSALL has the advantages of low-costing,solvent-saving,and time-saving.Conclusions:Chemical profiling of A.capillaris extract was accomplished within 5 min by DIeMS/MSALL,and this technique can be an alternative choice for chemical profile characterization of TCMs due to its extraordinary high-throughput advantage.

Chemotaxonomic Study of the Covid-Organics of Madagascar Based on the Chemical Composition of Their Essential Oils

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils of “Covid-Organics” of Madagascar (62% Artemisia annua and two other undisclosed medicinal plants) used as curative and preventive treatments of Covid-19, to identify its constituent species. The essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation from two samples (curative and preventive) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. These essential oils (curative and preventive) were mainly dominated by camphor (17.9% and 11.9%, respectively), spathulenol (4.8% and 11.8%, respectively), α-acorenol (4.3% and 3.7%, respectively), (E)-β-caryophyllene (3.4% and 4.2%, respectively), 1,8-cineole (3.1% and 3.6%, respectively), hexadecanoïc acid (3.8% and 3.2%, respectively) and caryophyllene oxide (3.4% and 2.4%, respectively). From the chemical composition, two species were identified, A. annua characterised by camphor and Cinnamomumcamphora (Ravintsara) characterised by 1,8-cineole and sabinene. However, we were unable to identify the third species.

Research Progress on Nutrients of Artemisia argyi

Artemisia argyi is a traditional Chinese herb,which is widely distributed in various areas in China.In recent years,due to the development of A.argyi related industries and the continuous improvement of people’s health awareness,experts and scholars are concerned about the nutrients and effects of A.argyi.A.argyi is rich in carbohydrates,proteins,essential amino acids,fatty acids,minerals,vitamins,dietary fibers,flavonoids and other nutrients.It has the effects of antioxidant,anti-tumor,antibacterial,antiinflammatory,neuroprotection and immune regulations,and has been widely applied in the fields of COVID-19 prevention,food health care,food preservation and feed breeding,and has good development potential.This review summarized the research and application of A.argyi nutrients,in order to provide reference and application for further study.

天津WRF-Chem模式空气污染浓度预报误差时空分析

分析2019—2021年天津WRF-Chem模式日预报结果与实况对比的误差时空特征,得出以下结论:①模式预报结果与O_(3)浓度的相关性最好(0.90),与PM_(10)(0.59)的最差;②模式预报结果对污染物浓度的高估现象更显著,PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和O_(3)浓度的预报绝对误差明显高于其他3种污染物;③模式预报的相对误差大小排序为O_(3)<CO<NO_(2)<SO_(2)<PM_(10)<PM_(2.5),且夏季最高,秋冬近似,春季最小,夏秋冬三季相对误差都为PM_(2.5)最大,春季则为PM_(10)最大;④从2种主要污染物浓度预报相对误差的空间分布特征来看,PM_(2.5)为蓟州、中心城区、大港偏大,PM_(10)为中部地区西青、武清、塘沽、宝坻偏大;⑤经综合衡量,模式预报效果最差的是PM_(10),其次为PM_(2.5)。

Effect of Organic Amendment on the Growth of Artemisia annua in the North of Côte d’Ivoire

Malaria causes many deaths around the world, particularly in Africa, which ultimately affects the socio-economic development of African countries. The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to quinine-based drugs led to new studies showing the efficiency of new artemisin-based drugs. The molecule artemisin is extracted from Artemisia annua a plant from China that has been used for decades in traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study is to improve the production of sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) using organic fertilizers in the north of Cote d’Ivoire. To do so, a morpho-pedological characterization of the study site was firstly performed to determine the soil type and their fertility level. Then, a randomized complete block system including two factors (the quantity of compost and the plant density) was implemented to test the effect of organic amendment and plant arrangement on the growth of Artemisia annua. Six treatments were set up: a control plot (no compost) where the plants are arranged in square (T0D1) and the plants are arranged in staggered (T0D2). Then, a treatment with compost addition of 25 t/ha where the plants are arranged in square (T1D1) and in staggered (T1D2). A treatment with compost addition of 50 t/ha where plants are arranged in square (T2D1) and in staggered (T2D2). Our results showed that the soils hosting our experimentation are Arenithic Plinthic Ferrasols with a very low level of fertility, prone to leaching and erosion. T1D2 and T2D2 treatments obtained the highest yields of 2.82 t/ha and 3.91 t/ha, respectively. Our findings indicate that a high dose of organic amendment combined with a staggered plant arrangement strongly improves the biomass production of sweet wormwood. This is in agreement with previous studies showing that the addition of organic matter can restore the level of soil fertility by increasing soil porosity and the activity of micro and macroorganisms.

意大利公司Saipem和Garbo合作ChemPET项目

总部位于米兰的Saipem是一家一体化基础和详细陆地工程、采购、项目管理和建筑服务的全球供应商,总部位于Cerano的化学品生产商Garbo宣布,他们已同意就Garbo专有化学品回收技术ChemPET的工业化、进一步开发和商业化进行合作。两家公司签署了一项协议,该协议还规定在诺瓦拉省的Cerano建造一个基于该技术的工业规模工厂。

基于GEOS-Chem V12.6.3的全球CO_(2)浓度同化系统的构建

为了研究同化OCO-2卫星柱浓度(XCO_(2))数据对于全球CO_(2)浓度模拟的影响,本文基于GEOS-Chem V12.6.3,采用四维变分(four dimensional variational,4D-Var)的方法,构建了一个同化OCO-2卫星XCO_(2)数据的全球大气CO_(2)浓度同化系统。首先,采用有限差分法验证了观测算子、积云对流、行星边界层和平流4个伴随模块计算结果的正确性。然后,以2018年为例,设计了模拟和同化两个实验,并利用TCCON、地面和航飞3种独立的观测数据进行对比验证。结果显示,同化实验结果与TCCON、地面和航飞观测数据之间的平均误差分别为0.37 mL/m^(3)、0.41 mL/m^(3)和0.51 mL/m^(3),相比于模拟实验,分别改善了40.32%、42.25%和45.15%,表明了同化OCO-2卫星的XCO_(2)数据能显著提高对全球大气CO_(2)浓度模拟的准确性。