Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of ses Stent in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Intracoronary Stenting in Small Vessels

Background:Limited data are available for sirolimus-eluting stent(SES,Cypher)implantation in patients with coronary artery disease in small vessels.The clinical longtermoutcomes of SES in patients with coronary artery disease after intracoronary stenting in small vessels has not been yet evaluated.

The Significance of Anatomical Variations of Hepatic Artery and Multiple Arterial Supplies in Embolization of Liver Tumors

A new therapeutic measure-step by step-embolization of every feeding vessel in dealing with liver cancer has been proposed on the base of the following criteria after reviewing the coeliac and superior mesenteric arteriographies in 100 cases of liver cancer.The emphasis is put on: 1.Anatomic variation of hepatic arteries. 2. Multiple feeding vessels, and 3. The importance of the presence of stenosis after embolization and the formation of collateral circulation.

Impaired Arterial Elasticity Identified by Pulse Waveform Analysis as a Marker for Vascular Wall Damage in Humans With Aging and Hypertension

Objectives Cardiovascular risk factors lead to pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its clinical events by impairing vascular wall. Endothelial dysfunction is the earliest marker for vascular wall injuries. Development of new method to detect early vascular wall damage has an important clinical implication for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate effect of aging and hypertension, two independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, on arterial elasticity by using pulse waveform analysis and investigate whether the changes in arterial elasticity can be used as a risk marker for vascular structural and functional abnormalities. Methods Using modified Windkessel model of the circulation and pulse waveform analysis, C1 large artery and C2 small artery elasticity indices of 204 Chinese normal healthy subjects （ age 15-80 years） and 46 Chinese essential hypertensive patients （age 35-70 years） were measured. Age- and hypertension-related arterial elasticity changes were examined. Results C1 large artery and C2 small artery elasticity indices were reduced with advancing age in healthy subjects. C1 large artery and C2 small artery elasticity indices were negatively correlated with age （r=-0.628, P〈0.001; r=-0.595, P〈0.001）. C1 large artery and C2 small artery elasticity indices in patients with essential hypertension compared with the agematched healthy subjects were （9.31±3.85 ml/mm Hg × 10 versus 15.13±4.14 ml/mmHg × 10, P〈0.001） and （3.57 ± 1.62 ml/mm Hg x 100 versus 7.89±2.91 ml/ mmHg × 100 P 〈0.001）, respectively, and were significantly lower than the corresponding healthy subjects. There were negative association between C1 large artery and C2 small artery elasticity indices and systolic blood pressure （r=-0.37, P〈0.05; r=-0.39, P〈0.05） and pulse pressure （r=-0.39, P〈0.05; r=- 0.43,P〈0.05） in patients with essential hypertension. Conclusions Advancing age and essential hypertension lead to impaired artery elasticity and abnormalities in arterial elasticity are related with endothelial dysfunction. Reduced arterial elasticity may represent a marker for the risk of vascular wall damages. Arterial elasticity assessment offers a means of risk stratification for the clinical evaluation of vascular structural and functional injuries.

Acute development of collateral circulation and therapeutic prospects in ischemic stroke

In acute ischemic stroke,collateral circulation plays an important role in maintaining blood flow to the tissue that is at risk of progressing into ischemia,and in increasing the successful recanalization rate without hemorrhagic transformation.We have reported that well-developed collateral circulation is associated with smaller infarct volume and better long-term neurological outcome,and it disappears promptly once the effective recanalization is achieved.Contrary to the belief that collateral vessels develop over time in chronic stenotic condition,there exists a phenomenon that collateral circulation develops immediately in acute stenosis or occlusion of the arteries and it seems to be triggered by fluid shear stress,which occurs between the territories of stenotic/occluded arteries and those fed by surrounding intact arteries.We believe that this acute development of collateral circulation is a target of novel therapeutics in ischemic stroke and refer our recent attempt in enhancing collateral circulation by modulating sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1,which is a known shear-stress mechanosensing protein.

Effect of arteriosclerotic intracranial arterial vessel wall enhancement on downstream collateral flow

Background:The effect of arteriosclerotic intracranial arterial vessel wall enhancement(IAVWE)on downstream collateral flow found in vessel wall imaging(VWI)is not clear.Regardless of the mechanism underlying IAVWE on VWI,damage to the patient’s nervous system caused by IAVWE is likely achieved by affecting downstream cerebral blood flow.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of arteriosclerotic IAVWE on downstream collateral flow.Methods:The present study recruited 63 consecutive patients at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to November 2021 with underlying atherosclerotic diseases and unilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA)M1-segment stenosis who underwent an magnetic resonance scan within 3 days of symptom onset.The patients were divided into 4 groups according to IAVWE and the stenosis ratio(Group 1,n=17;Group 2,n=19;Group 3,n=13;Group 4,n=14),and downstream collateral flow was analyzed using three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling(3D-pCASL)and RAPID software.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores of the patients were also recorded.Two-factor multivariate analysis of variance using Pillai’s trace was used as the main statistical method.Results:No statistically significant difference was found in baseline demographic characteristics among the groups.IAVWE,but not the stenosis ratio,had a statistically significant significance on the late-arriving retrograde flow proportion(LARFP),hypoperfusion intensity ratio(HIR),and NIHSS scores(F=20.941,P<0.001,Pillai’s trace statistic=0.567).The between-subject effects test showed that IAVWE had a significant effect on the three dependent variables:LARFP(R^(2)=0.088,F=10.899,P=0.002),HIR(R^(2)=0.234,F=29.354,P<0.001),and NIHSS(R^(2)=114.339,F=33.338,P<0.001).Conclusions:Arteriosclerotic IAVWE significantly reduced downstream collateral flow and affected relevant neurological deficits.It was an independent factor affecting downstream collateral flow and NIHSS scores,which should be a focus of future studies.Trial Registration:ChiCTR.org.cn,ChiCTR2100053661.

The research of vasoconstriction effect on the solitary waves in stenotic arterial vessel

Vascular stenosis is a common cardiovascular disease,and the in-depth study of its biomechanical mechanism will help to explore the occurrence mechanism and law of the disease,which is of great significance in the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.Different from previous studies,radial and axial motions are considered in the realistic configuration of the wall,and the wall equation of the stenotic artery is established.On the basis of the wall equation and fluid equation,the KdV-Burgers equation is obtained by scale analysis and perturbation expansion.The effects of axial displacement and wall initial conditions on the propagation of solitary waves in stenotic arteries are discussed.It is shown that with the increase of the axial and radial tension ratios,the amplitude and width of the solitary wave increase,and the solitary wave becomes steeper and more sharp.The results of this study provide a theoretical value for detecting the shape change of solitary wave in blood vessel to predict vascular stenosis.

Theoretical investigations on a variable-coefficient generalized forced–perturbed Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers model for a dilated artery,blood vessel or circulatory system with experimental support

Recent theoretical physics efforts have been focused on the probes for nonlinear pulse waves in,for example,variable-radius arteries.With respect to the nonlinear waves in an artery full of blood with certain aneurysm,pulses in a blood vessel,or features in a circulatory system,this paper symbolically computes out an auto-B?cklund transformation via a noncharacteristic movable singular manifold,certain families of the solitonic solutions,as well as a family of the similarity reductions for a variable-coefficient generalized forced–perturbed Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation.Aiming,e.g.,at the dynamical radial displacement superimposed on the original static deformation from an arterial wall,our results rely on the axial stretch of the injured artery,blood as an incompressible Newtonian fluid,radius variation along the axial direction or aneurysmal geometry,viscosity of the fluid,thickness of the artery,mass density of the membrane material,mass density of the fluid,strain energy density of the artery,shear modulus,stretch ratio,etc.We also highlight that the shock-wave structures from our solutions agree well with those dusty-plasma-experimentally reported.