The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features ...The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features that L2 learners can employ, as well as suggest which features they should focus on in English academic writing. To achieve this, all samples were analyzed for rhetorical moves using Hyland’s five-rhetorical move model. Additionally, all sentences were evaluated for syntactic complexity, considering measures such as global, clausal and phrasal complexity. The findings reveal that expert writers exhibit a more balanced use of syntactic complexity across moves, effectively fulfilling the rhetorical objectives of abstracts. On the other hand, MA students tend to rely excessively on embedded structures and dependent clauses in an attempt to increase complexity. The implications of these findings for academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are thoroughly discussed.展开更多
As the transport sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, the effect of urbanization on transport CO2 emissions in developing cities has become a key issue under global climate change. Examining the case ...As the transport sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, the effect of urbanization on transport CO2 emissions in developing cities has become a key issue under global climate change. Examining the case of Xi＇an, this paper aims to explore the spatial distribution of commuting CO2 emissions and influencing factors in the new, urban industry zones and city centers considering Xi＇an＇s transition from a monocentric to a polycentric city in the process of urbanization. Based on household survey data from 1501 respondents, there are obvious differences in commuting CO2 emissions between new industry zones and city centers： City centers feature lower household emissions of 2.86 kg CO2 per week, whereas new industry zones generally have higher household emissions of 3.20 kg CO2 per week. Contrary to previous research results, not all new industry zones have high levels of CO2 emissions; with the rapid development of various types of industries, even a minimum level of household emissions of 2.53 kg CO2 per week is possible. The uneven distribution of commuting CO2 emissions is not uniformly affected by spatial parameters such as job-housing balance, residential density, employment density, and land use diversity. Optimum combination of the spatial parameters and travel pattern along with corresponding transport infrastructure construction may be an appropriate path to reduction and control of emissions from commuting.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the correlation of AP-2 with trophoblast apoptosis and invasion in placental tissues of preeclampsia. Methods: A total of 68 puerperae with preeclampsia who gave birth in our hospital between...Objective: To investigate the correlation of AP-2 with trophoblast apoptosis and invasion in placental tissues of preeclampsia. Methods: A total of 68 puerperae with preeclampsia who gave birth in our hospital between November 2015 and October 2017 were selected as preeclampsia group, and 60 healthy puerperae who gave birth in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The differences in expression of AP-2 gene, apoptosis-related genes and invasion-related genes in placenta tissue were compared between the two groups, and the inner link of AP-2 gene expression with trophoblast apoptosis and invasion activity in placental tissues of preeclampsia was further analyzed. Results: AP-2 mRNA expression in placental tissue of preeclampsia group was higher than that of control group;apoptosis-related genes Bcl and Cx43 mRNA expression were lower than those of control group whereas Bax, Caspase7 and metastin mRNA expression were higher than those of control group;invasion-related genes HIF-1α, GPR30, MEST and Snail mRNA expression were lower than those of control group whereas PEDF and RECK mRNA expression were higher than those of control group. Pearson test showed that the AP-2 gene expression in the placental tissues of preeclampsia was directly correlated with the expression of trophoblast apoptosis-related genes and invasion-related genes. Conclusion: AP-2 gene expression significantly increases in the placental tissue of puerperae with preeclampsia, and it can positively regulate the trophoblast apoptosis activity and negatively regulate its invasion activity.展开更多
文摘The rhetorical structure of abstracts has been a widely discussed topic, as it can greatly enhance the abstract writing skills of second-language writers. This study aims to provide guidance on the syntactic features that L2 learners can employ, as well as suggest which features they should focus on in English academic writing. To achieve this, all samples were analyzed for rhetorical moves using Hyland’s five-rhetorical move model. Additionally, all sentences were evaluated for syntactic complexity, considering measures such as global, clausal and phrasal complexity. The findings reveal that expert writers exhibit a more balanced use of syntactic complexity across moves, effectively fulfilling the rhetorical objectives of abstracts. On the other hand, MA students tend to rely excessively on embedded structures and dependent clauses in an attempt to increase complexity. The implications of these findings for academic writing research, pedagogy, and assessment are thoroughly discussed.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51178055)Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research(1094801)
文摘As the transport sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, the effect of urbanization on transport CO2 emissions in developing cities has become a key issue under global climate change. Examining the case of Xi＇an, this paper aims to explore the spatial distribution of commuting CO2 emissions and influencing factors in the new, urban industry zones and city centers considering Xi＇an＇s transition from a monocentric to a polycentric city in the process of urbanization. Based on household survey data from 1501 respondents, there are obvious differences in commuting CO2 emissions between new industry zones and city centers： City centers feature lower household emissions of 2.86 kg CO2 per week, whereas new industry zones generally have higher household emissions of 3.20 kg CO2 per week. Contrary to previous research results, not all new industry zones have high levels of CO2 emissions; with the rapid development of various types of industries, even a minimum level of household emissions of 2.53 kg CO2 per week is possible. The uneven distribution of commuting CO2 emissions is not uniformly affected by spatial parameters such as job-housing balance, residential density, employment density, and land use diversity. Optimum combination of the spatial parameters and travel pattern along with corresponding transport infrastructure construction may be an appropriate path to reduction and control of emissions from commuting.
文摘Objective: To investigate the correlation of AP-2 with trophoblast apoptosis and invasion in placental tissues of preeclampsia. Methods: A total of 68 puerperae with preeclampsia who gave birth in our hospital between November 2015 and October 2017 were selected as preeclampsia group, and 60 healthy puerperae who gave birth in our hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The differences in expression of AP-2 gene, apoptosis-related genes and invasion-related genes in placenta tissue were compared between the two groups, and the inner link of AP-2 gene expression with trophoblast apoptosis and invasion activity in placental tissues of preeclampsia was further analyzed. Results: AP-2 mRNA expression in placental tissue of preeclampsia group was higher than that of control group;apoptosis-related genes Bcl and Cx43 mRNA expression were lower than those of control group whereas Bax, Caspase7 and metastin mRNA expression were higher than those of control group;invasion-related genes HIF-1α, GPR30, MEST and Snail mRNA expression were lower than those of control group whereas PEDF and RECK mRNA expression were higher than those of control group. Pearson test showed that the AP-2 gene expression in the placental tissues of preeclampsia was directly correlated with the expression of trophoblast apoptosis-related genes and invasion-related genes. Conclusion: AP-2 gene expression significantly increases in the placental tissue of puerperae with preeclampsia, and it can positively regulate the trophoblast apoptosis activity and negatively regulate its invasion activity.
