Optimal Location and Sizing ofMulti-Resource Distributed Generator Based onMulti-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Distribution generation(DG)technology based on a variety of renewable energy technologies has developed rapidly.A large number of multi-type DG are connected to the distribution network(DN),resulting in a decline in the stability of DN operation.It is urgent to find a method that can effectively connect multi-energy DG to DN.photovoltaic(PV),wind power generation(WPG),fuel cell(FC),and micro gas turbine(MGT)are considered in this paper.A multi-objective optimization model was established based on the life cycle cost(LCC)of DG,voltage quality,voltage fluctuation,system network loss,power deviation of the tie-line,DG pollution emission index,and meteorological index weight of DN.Multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm(MOABC)was used to determine the optimal location and capacity of the four kinds of DG access DN,and compared with the other three heuristic algorithms.Simulation tests based on IEEE 33 test node and IEEE 69 test node show that in IEEE 33 test node,the total voltage deviation,voltage fluctuation,and system network loss of DN decreased by 49.67%,7.47%and 48.12%,respectively,compared with that without DG configuration.In the IEEE 69 test node,the total voltage deviation,voltage fluctuation and system network loss of DN in the MOABC configuration scheme decreased by 54.98%,35.93%and 75.17%,respectively,compared with that without DG configuration,indicating that MOABC can reasonably plan the capacity and location of DG.Achieve the maximum trade-off between DG economy and DN operation stability.

Cooling High Power Dissipating Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chips Using Refrigerant

High power dissipating artificial intelligence (AI) chips require significant cooling to operate at maximum performance. Current trends regarding the integration of AI, as well as the power/cooling demands of high-performing server systems pose an immense thermal challenge for cooling. The use of refrigerants as a direct-to-chip cooling method is investigated as a potential cooling solution for cooling AI chips. Using a vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS), the coolant temperature will be sub-ambient thereby increasing the total cooling capacity. Coupled with the implementation of a direct-to-chip boiler, using refrigerants to cool AI server systems can materialize as a potential solution for current AI server cooling demands. In this study, a comparison of 8 different refrigerants: R-134a, R-153a, R-717, R-508B, R-22, R-12, R-410a, and R-1234yf is analyzed for optimal performance. A control theoretical VCRS model is created to assess variable refrigerants under the same operational conditions. From this model, the coefficient of performance (COP), required mass flow rate of refrigerant, work required by the compressor, and overall heat transfer coefficient is determined for all 8 refrigerants. Lastly, a comprehensive analysis is provided to determine the most optimal refrigerants for cooling applications. R-717, commonly known as Ammonia, was found to have the highest COP value thus proving to be the optimal refrigerant for cooling AI chips and high-performing server applications.

Leveraging Robust Artificial Intelligence for Mechatronic Product Development—A Literature Review

Mechatronic product development is a complex and multidisciplinary field that encompasses various domains, including, among others, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, control theory and software engineering. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies is revolutionizing this domain, offering opportunities to enhance design processes, optimize performance, and leverage vast amounts of knowledge. However, human expertise remains essential in contextualizing information, considering trade-offs, and ensuring ethical and societal implications are taken into account. This paper therefore explores the existing literature regarding the application of artificial intelligence as a comprehensive database, decision support system, and modeling tool in mechatronic product development. It analyzes the benefits of artificial intelligence in enabling domain linking, replacing human expert knowledge, improving prediction quality, and enhancing intelligent control systems. For this purpose, a consideration of the V-cycle takes place, a standard in mechatronic product development. Along this, an initial assessment of the AI potential is shown and important categories of AI support are formed. This is followed by an examination of the literature with regard to these aspects. As a result, the integration of artificial intelligence in mechatronic product development opens new possibilities and transforms the way innovative mechatronic systems are conceived, designed, and deployed. However, the approaches are only taking place selectively, and a holistic view of the development processes and the potential for robust and context-sensitive artificial intelligence along them is still needed.

Serum β-hCG level on day 7 of frozen-thawed embryo transfer: association with the clinical pregnancy outcomes in artificial cycles

Objective:The relationship between serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG)levels of patients(7 days after the transplantation of frozen-thawed embryos)and the pregnancy outcomes was investigated.Methods:This study was designed as a retrospective clinical trial of 366 women who underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfers(FETs)in artificial cycles.Patients were divided into three groups:clinical pregnancy group,biochemical pregnancy group,and non-pregnant group according to their pregnancy outcomes.Serumβ-hCG levels were tested on day 4,7,9,11 and 14 after FET.Results:In the clinical pregnancy group,the serumβ-hCG levels after 7-day post-transplantation were significantly elevated(16.20 IU/L vs.3.07 vs.0.1 IU/L;P<0.05)compared with the other two groups.Furthermore,it was found that Area Under Curve(AUC=0.96)was significant with cut-off value higher than 4.26 IU/L(sensitivity=92.3%,specificity=90.2%)to predict the clinical pregnancy outcomes in the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis ofβ-hCG concentrations on day 7 of post-transplantation.Conclusion:Our results suggested that the elevated serumβ-hCG levels on day 7 of post-transplantation could predict the positive clinical pregnancy outcomes in artificial FET cycles.

Effect of Different Blood Cycle Modeson Mass Transfer of Artificial Kidney

Based on the one-dimensional and unsteady-state Krogh model, this paper investigates mass transfer of artificial kidney under three blood cycle modes during the course of hemodialysis. The variations of the permeable solute clearance with increasing time and the dialysis time with increasing blood flux are simulated in detail,and then one optimal blood cycle mode is acquired. The results are very important to improve the clinical dialysis efficiency of artificial kidney.

Proposed Wave Momentum Source for Generating the 22-Year Solar Cycle

For the 22-year solar cycle oscillation there is no external time dependent source. A nonlinear oscillation, the solar cycle must be generated internally, and Babcock-Leighton models apply an artificial nonlinear source term that can simulate the observations—which leaves open the question of the actual source mechanism for the solar cycle. Addressing this question, we propose to take guidance from the wave mechanism that generates the 2-year Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) in the Earth atmosphere. Upward propagating gravity waves, eastward and westward, deposit momentum to generate the observed zonal wind oscillation. On the Sun, helioseismology has provided a thorough understanding of the acoustic p-waves, which propagate down into the convective envelope guided by the increasing temperature and related propagation velocity. Near the tachocline with low turbulent viscosity, the waves propagating eastward and westward can produce an axisymmetric 22-year oscillation of the zonal flow velocities that can generate the magnetic solar dynamo. Following the Earth model, waves in opposite directions can generate in the Sun wind and magnetic field oscillations in opposite directions, the proposition of a potential solar cycle mechanism.

Buildings and civil engineering works-Sealants-Determination of changes in cohesion and appearance of elastic weatherproofing sealants after exposure of statically cured specimens to artificial weathering and mechanical cycling

Foreword ISO(the International Organization for Standardization)is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies).The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees.Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.

Enabling high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries with high ionic conductive sulfide-based composite solid electrolyte and ex-situ artificial SEI film

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) employing sulfide electrolyte and lithium(Li) anode have received increasing attention due to the intrinsic safety and high energy density.However,the thick electrolyte layer and lithium dendrites formed at the electrolyte/Li anode interface hinder the realization of high-performance ASSLBs.Herein,a novel membrane consisting of Li_(6)PS_(5) Cl(LPSCl),poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) and Li-salt(LiTFSI) was prepared as sulfide-based composite solid electrolyte(LPSCl-PEO3-LiTFSI)(LPSCl:PEO=97:3 wt/wt;EO:Li=8:1 mol/mol),which delivers high ionic conductivity(1.1 × 10^(-3) S cm^(-1)) and wide electrochemical window(4.9 V vs.Li^(+)/Li) at 25 ℃.In addition,an ex-situ artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) film enriched with LiF and Li3 N was designed as a protective layer on Li anode(Li(SEI)) to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites.Benefiting from the synergy of sulfide-based composite solid electrolyte and ex-situ artificial SEI,cells of S-CNTs/LPSCI-PEO3-LiTFSI/Li(SEI) and Al_(2)O_(3)@LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.3)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)/LPSCl-PEO3-LiTFSI/Li(SEI) are assembled and both exhibit high initial discharge capacity of 1221.1 mAh g^(-1)(135.8 mAh g^(-1)) and enhanced cycling stability with 81.6% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 0.05 C(89.2% over 100 cycles at 0.1 C).This work provides a new insight into the synergy of composite solid electrolyte and artificial SEI for achieving high-performance ASSLBs.

An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Solving Stochastic Transportation Problems

Recent years witness a great deal of interest in artificial intelligence(AI)tools in the area of optimization.AI has developed a large number of tools to solve themost difficult search-and-optimization problems in computer science and operations research.Indeed,metaheuristic-based algorithms are a sub-field of AI.This study presents the use of themetaheuristic algorithm,that is,water cycle algorithm(WCA),in the transportation problem.A stochastic transportation problem is considered in which the parameters supply and demand are considered as random variables that follow the Weibull distribution.Since the parameters are stochastic,the corresponding constraints are probabilistic.They are converted into deterministic constraints using the stochastic programming approach.In this study,we propose evolutionary algorithms to handle the difficulties of the complex high-dimensional optimization problems.WCA is influenced by the water cycle process of how streams and rivers flow toward the sea(optimal solution).WCA is applied to the stochastic transportation problem,and obtained results are compared with that of the new metaheuristic optimization algorithm,namely the neural network algorithm which is inspired by the biological nervous system.It is concluded that WCA presents better results when compared with the neural network algorithm.

构建GPT大模型的经济循环体系:理论框架与发展路径

数字技术的爆发式增长及其与实体经济的深度融合,为推动中国经济高质量发展提供了强大动能,成为促进生产方式变革和经济结构变迁的主要力量。GPT大模型作为新一代人工智能技术,具有强大的自然语言处理能力,将持续对经济增长、生产效率、要素分配等各方面产生深刻影响。文本试图通过构建GPT大模型的经济循环体系、GPT大模型在国内外经济循环中发挥作用的理论框架以及GPT大模型的经济循环体系的发展路径,揭示GPT大模型经济循环体系的作用机制,为实体产业应用GPT大模型实现提质增效、助力经济高质量发展提供现实启示和参考依据。

EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL WEATHERING AND TEMPERATURE CYCLING ON THE ADHESION STRENGTH OF WATERBORNE ACRYLATE COATING SYSTEMS USED FOR WOODEN WINDOWS

The adhesion of coatings to wood is important for their long-term performance.In this study,the adhesion strength of water-based acrylate coatings used for wooden windows after exposure to artificial weathering(AW)and temperature cycling(TC)was investigated.The analysis of the adhesion quality of coatings was performed via a pull-off test and failure characteristics.The 3-layered and 4-layered white and brown acrylate dispersions from six different producers were compared and the effect of coating thickness on adhesion strength was investigated.The adhesion strength values proved to be very variable.After AW,the adhesion strength and its variability increased for all the samples.TC had no statistically significant effect on the adhesion strength values.White coating systems were initially characterized by lower adhesion strength,but after AW and TC,they reached higher adhesion strength values than brown ones.The overall highest adhesion after AW and TC was recorded for the coatings based on alkyd-acrylate hybrid basis(Producer 3),while the lowest adhesion variability after AW was measured for one type of tested acrylate coating(Producer 4).The effect of different layering on adhesion strength was not demonstrated in this study.

Acupuncture and moxibustion for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle:a controlled trial

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle.Method One hundred and twelve eligible patients with functional amenorrhea were divided into an acupuncture-moxibustion group（64 cases） and a western medication group（48 cases） by adopting random method.According to the pattern differentiation of amenorrhea of traditional Chinese medicine,the patients in the acupuncture-moxibustion group were classified into two types：amenorrhea due to blood depletion and amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood.For patients with amenorrhea due to blood depletion,Guanyuan（关元 CV4）,Zhongji（中极CV 3）,GuiTlai（归来ST 29）,Geshu（膈俞 BL 17）,Ganshu（肝俞BL 18）,Pishu（脾俞 BL 20） and Shenshu（肾俞 BL 23） were selected.At first,BL 17,BL 18,BL 20 and BL 23 were needled;after deqi,reinforcing method was applied,and the needles were not retained.Then,warmingneedle moxibustion was applied at CV 4,CV 3 and ST 29,and the needles were retained for 30 min.For patients with amenorrhea due to stagnation of blood,CV 3,Qihai（气海CV 6）,Xuehai（血海 SP 10）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6）and Xingjian（行间 LR 2） were selected,reducing method was applied,and the needles were retained for 30 min.The treatment was performed once a day,and treatment for 15 consecutive days were the 1st cycle.The 2nd and3 rd cycles started from the 5th day of menstruation（for the patients still not menstruating,the 2nd and 3rd cycles started from the 29 th and 57 th days since the 1st day of treatment）,and the treatment lasted for 15 days.Three cycles were needed.In the western medicine group,estrogen-progestogen was taken orally for 21 days（one cycle） to establish a artificial cycle.The levels of FSH and LH were tested and compared on the 3rd day of menstruation before treatment and after the 3rd cycle of treatment,and the adverse effects were analyzed statistically.Follow-up visit was conducted for the patients after treatment for three cycles,and the recurrence rate was calculated.Result The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea were enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.There was no significant difference between the acupuncture-moxibustion group and the western medication group in effective rate（P〉0.05）;but the adverse effect rate（1.49%） and recurrence rate（25.0%） of the acupuncture-moxibustion group were lower than that of the western medication group（with the adverse effect rate of 4.14%,and recurrence rate of 69.8%）（both P〈0.05）.Conclusion The levels of FSH and LH of patients with functional amenorrhea can be enhanced significantly through establishing artificial cycle by acupuncture and moxibustion.The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle is equivalent to that of oral administration of estrogen-progestogen in treatment of functional amenorrhea by establishing artificial cycle,but the adverse effect rate and recurrence rate of acupuncture and moxibustion group are lower.

GnRH-a降调节方案用于冻融胚胎移植内膜准备的适宜人群

影响冻融周期成功率的关键因素有胚胎质量、内膜容受性及胚胎与内膜同步性三方面,其中,胚胎因素占三分之一,而内膜因素占三分之二。因此,在冻融胚胎移植(FET)周期中,内膜准备方案的选择对于妊娠结局至关重要。目前冻融周期准备内膜的方案主要有:自然周期、人工周期、促排卵周期以及降调节人工周期等,需针对不同人群的特点进行选择。本文综述了降调节人工周期作为一种相对较新的冻融周期内膜准备方案,其适宜的人群及相关机制。

GnRH-a降调节后内膜准备方案对PCOS患者冻融胚胎移植结局的影响

目的比较应用长效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)降调节后人工周期和单纯人工周期这两种方法准备子宫内膜对PCOS患者冻融胚胎移植(FET)妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2015年6月在吉林大学第二医院生殖中心就诊的PCOS患者的临床资料,根据在子宫内膜准备过程中是否应用长效GnRH-a降调节将152个周期分成两组:降调节后人工周期(A组,76周期),单纯人工周期(B组,76周期)。比较两组患者的临床指标和结局。结果两组患者的年龄、不孕年限、体重指数(BMI)、基础LH、E_2以及睾酮(T)水平、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、总胆固醇、甘油三脂等均无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组患者的移植周期数、移植日子宫内膜厚度、黄体酮转化日平均孕酮水平及移植胚胎数均无统计学差异(P>0.05),但A组黄体酮转化日的LH[(5.34±4.50)U/L]、E_2[(145.26±57.50)pmol/L]及T[(2.15±0.45)nmol/L]水平均显著低于B组[分别为LH(10.14±0.88)U/L、E_2(179.71±89.89)pmol/L、T(2.53±0.28)nmol/L](P<0.05);A组的胚胎着床率和临床妊娠率均显著高于B组[分别为45.06%vs.32.20%和61.54%vs.42.11%)](P<0.05)。结论应用长效GnRH-a降调节后人工周期建内膜方案可能改善PCOS患者FET结局。

人工智能产品的“艺术灵韵”研究

手工技艺到机械复制是“灵韵”消减而非消逝,人工智能为艺术“灵韵”的复活或重拾提供了新的契机。艺术产品的“灵韵”有其生命周期,人工智能艺术的“灵韵”同样是在自身的生命周期内完成起承转合的。人工智能的技术特性与人类现代性的统合,使“灵韵”的发生机制出现了转向,变现为“距离对空间的置换”和“速度对时间的置换”。在工具性理解中寻求新的共生关系,在互动性理解中构建新的“灵韵”,是对人工智能艺术定位的重要视角。

防粘养膜方联合人工周期疗法干预宫腔粘连术后薄型子宫内膜临床观察

[目的]观察防粘养膜方联合人工周期疗法干预宫腔粘连术后薄型子宫内膜的效果。[方法]选取符合纳入标准的宫腔粘连术后薄型子宫内膜患者60例,随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组实施人工周期治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予防粘养膜方口服治疗。对比两组患者的中医证候积分、子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜形态类型、月经量及宫腔粘连评分。[结果]治疗后两组中医证候积分均下降,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组子宫内膜厚度大于对照组(P<0.05),子宫内膜类型优于对照组(P<0.05);月经量改善疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),宫腔粘连评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]采用防粘养膜方联合人工周期疗法能缓解宫腔粘连术后薄型子宫内膜患者的中医证候,改善其子宫内膜厚度、形态类型,增加月经量,预防宫腔再粘连。

重度宫腔粘连术后综合辅助治疗效果的相关因素研究

目的探讨重度宫腔粘连分离术后联合口服芬吗通及放置宫内节育器治疗效果的相关因素。方法选取2018年11月至2022年5月广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院收治的78例重度宫腔粘连术后给予口服芬吗通药物治疗并放置宫内节育器的患者,观察2个人工周期后进行二次宫腔镜探查,根据二次宫腔镜探查术中情况分为研究组(59例)和对照组(19例),记录两组患者年龄、病程、病因、宫腔操作次数、术前月经情况、术前内膜厚度、宫腔粘连形态、宫腔重建情况、术后月经、治疗后内膜厚度,对与治疗效果可能相关的因素进行分析。结果单因素分析显示病程、宫腔操作次数、术前月经情况、术前内膜厚度、宫腔重建情况、治疗后内膜厚度与治疗效果有关(P<0.05)。进行多因素logistic回归分析显示术前月经闭经、宫腔重建不满意为治疗效果的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论宫腔镜下重度宫腔粘连分离术后综合辅助治疗效果显著,术前月经闭经、宫腔重建不满意为综合辅助治疗效果的独立危险因素。

The photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis

Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical reaction on Earth. It has co-evolved and developed with the Earth, driving the biogeochemical cycle of all elements on the planet and serving as the only chemical process in nature that can convert light energy into chemical energy. Some heavy oxygen isotopic(^(18)O) labeling experiments have"conclusively" demonstrated that the oxygen released by photosynthesis comes only from water and are written into textbooks. However, it is not difficult to find that bicarbonate has never been excluded from the direct substrate of photosynthesis from beginning to end during the history of photosynthesis research. No convincing mechanism can be used to explain photosynthetic oxygen evolution solely from water photolysis. The bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the thermodynamic convenience of bicarbonate photolysis, the crystal structure characteristics of photosystem Ⅱ, and the reinterpretation of heavy oxygen isotopic labeling(^(18)O)experiments all indicate that the photosynthetic oxygen evolution does not exclude the important role and contribution of bicarbonate photolysis. The recently proposed view that bicarbonate photolysis is the premise of water photolysis, bicarbonate photolysis and water photolysis work together with a 1:1(mol/mol) stoichiometric relationship, and the stoichiometric relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide released during photosynthetic oxygen evolution is also 1:1, has excellent applicability and objectivity, which can logically and reasonably explain the precise coordination between light and dark reactions during photosynthesis, the bicarbonate effect, the Dole effect, the Kok cycle and the neutrality of water and carbon in nature.This is of great significance for constructing the bionic artificial photosynthetic reactors and scientifically answering the question of the source of elemental stoichiometric relationships in nature.

GnRH激动剂在人工周期冻融胚胎移植黄体支持中作用的荟萃分析

目的:评价GnRH激动剂(GnRH-a)在人工周期冻融胚胎移植(AC-FET)黄体期支持(LPS)中的作用。方法:纳入PubMed、EMBASE和Cochrane数据库中符合纳入标准的研究。检索期限为建库至2023年10月31日。观察指标为种植率、HCG阳性率、临床妊娠率、持续妊娠率、活产率、流产率、宫外妊娠率、多胎妊娠率。采用RevMan5.4软件分析。结果:纳入9项随机对照试验(RCT),共2451例患者,其中GnRH-a LPS组1252例,常规LPS组1199例。黄体期给予GnRH-a可提高种植率(OR=1.29,95%CI为1.12~1.49,P=0.0005)、临床妊娠率(OR=1.32,95%CI为1.12~1.57,P=0.001)和多胎妊娠率(OR=1.82,95%CI为1.29~2.58,P=0.0007),同时降低流产率(OR=0.57,95%CI为0.41~0.79,P=0.0008)。两组的HCG阳性率、持续妊娠率、活产率、宫外妊娠率比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论:AC-FET黄体期添加GnRH-a可提高患者的种植率和临床妊娠率,提示GnRH-a可能是AC-FET黄体支持的新选择。然而,需开展多中心、大样本的RCT,以获得GnRH-a有效黄体支持的统一标准,进一步明确其LPS的安全性和有效性。