Background: Extrinsic aging results from environmental stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their combination remain poorly scrutinized. Objective...Background: Extrinsic aging results from environmental stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their combination remain poorly scrutinized. Objective: Building on a study showing downregulation of several processes upon co-exposure to B[a]P and UVA, we investigated changes induced by epigenetic marks. Materials and Methods: Human primary fibroblasts and HaCaT cells were exposed to B[a]P and UVA. After 24 hours, exposed and unexposed cells were compared to assess DNA methylation. Focusing on HaCaT, multiplex assays enabled quantifying histone H3 modifications and evaluating four splicing factors (SRSF1, SRSF3, SFPQ, and SF3B1) by immunohistochemical labeling. The expression of keratinocyte-/fibroblast-relevant genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. Finally, the impact of an Arundo donax L. extract added 24 hours before B[a]P-UVA co-exposure was analyzed. Results: Exposure to B[a]P-UVA raised DNA methylation (HaCaT: ×3.6, fibroblasts: ×1.9), an increase prevented by the extract. In HaCaT cells, B[a]P-UVA increases the frequency of S10P (+38%). When exposure was preceded by extract treatment, the frequency of several methylations was impacted. B[a]P-UVA only induced the expression of SRSF1 and SFPQ in HaCaT (+46% and +34%). Treatment with the extract abolished this effect. Co-exposure increases the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β) in HaCaT cells and decreases those of AQP3, KRT15, and SOD2. The extract has little effect on these changes. In primary fibroblasts, exposure to B[a]P-UVA lowered the expression of LOXL2, LUM, and TGFBR2 (−38%, −59%, and −51%, respectively), and the extract did not affect these modifications. Conclusion: Within 24 hours, a single B[a]P-UVA co-exposure changes epigenetic marks of skin cells but has only mild effects on gene expression. An Arundo donax L. extract can prevent part of the epigenetic marks’ changes and could stimulate the expression of some genes in primary fibroblasts.展开更多
芦竹Arundo donax L.由于其生长快速、抗逆性强、蛋白含量高等优点,正以重要能源植物的定位受到越来越多的重视。本研究针对本单位收集的源自我国山东省烟台市及福建省福州市永泰县的2种芦竹进行叶片形态、生物量及营养物质含量等生物...芦竹Arundo donax L.由于其生长快速、抗逆性强、蛋白含量高等优点,正以重要能源植物的定位受到越来越多的重视。本研究针对本单位收集的源自我国山东省烟台市及福建省福州市永泰县的2种芦竹进行叶片形态、生物量及营养物质含量等生物学特性分析,发现2个芦竹品种在干物质产量、水分含量、纤维含量、粗灰分含量等指标上存在一定差异性。基于上述差异性,对2个芦竹品种的叶片进行Illumina高通量测序分析,构建芦竹转录组数据库。通过de novo的方法对获得的转录组数据进行组装,并预测各组装获得Unigene的开放阅读框,从而获得可能的蛋白氨基酸序列。通过基因表达量差异性分析,筛选2个芦竹品种中表达量差异显著的基因,并将上述基因与Gene Ontology(GO)、Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups of proteins(KOG)及Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)等数据库比对分析,预测差异表达基因的功能及参与的代谢信号通道。针对与生物量及生物乙醇产量相关的代谢途径的分析发现,2个芦竹品种在碳固定光合作用、淀粉/糖代谢及木质素合成相关的信号通道中关键酶基因的表达量上具有显著差异。上述结论从生物学及生物信息学角度分别分析了源自我国不同地域的芦竹品种在生物产量及生物质能源相关指标上的差异性。研究结论为筛选芦竹品种作为优质生物质能源草种提供了依据。展开更多
The US Department of Energy is currently building strategies for the expansion of clean and renewable energy sources, and tall, rapidly-growing grasses such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and giant ...The US Department of Energy is currently building strategies for the expansion of clean and renewable energy sources, and tall, rapidly-growing grasses such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and giant reed (Arundo donax) are two of the many of species that could fill this renewable energy niche. The objective was to compare stalk growth components of giant miscanthus and giant reed, in a low-input system (no irrigation and no fertilizer use) in Arkansas, USA. Due to the potential invasiveness of giant reed, our study was conducted on an upland site to minimize escape. Plant height and dry weight per stalk were measured every week for two consecutive growing seasons in 2012 and 2013. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured every two weeks from May to September in 2012. A significant species × day interaction occurred for plant height and dry weight per stalk, due to the relatively greater height and weight of giant reed compared to giant miscanthus after May. Stalk elongation rate was greater for giant reed than giant miscanthus (1.85 and 1.11 cm day-1, respectively). Leaf area index differed between species, giant reed (10.4 m2 m-2) > giant miscanthus (4.4 m2 m-2). We showed that giant reed produced taller, heavier stalks, and had a greater stalk elongation rate, compared to giant miscanthus. For sustainable bioenergy production from giant reed in Arkansas, further studies should be performed to determine ideal number of harvests per year and associated production cost.展开更多
文摘Background: Extrinsic aging results from environmental stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their combination remain poorly scrutinized. Objective: Building on a study showing downregulation of several processes upon co-exposure to B[a]P and UVA, we investigated changes induced by epigenetic marks. Materials and Methods: Human primary fibroblasts and HaCaT cells were exposed to B[a]P and UVA. After 24 hours, exposed and unexposed cells were compared to assess DNA methylation. Focusing on HaCaT, multiplex assays enabled quantifying histone H3 modifications and evaluating four splicing factors (SRSF1, SRSF3, SFPQ, and SF3B1) by immunohistochemical labeling. The expression of keratinocyte-/fibroblast-relevant genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. Finally, the impact of an Arundo donax L. extract added 24 hours before B[a]P-UVA co-exposure was analyzed. Results: Exposure to B[a]P-UVA raised DNA methylation (HaCaT: ×3.6, fibroblasts: ×1.9), an increase prevented by the extract. In HaCaT cells, B[a]P-UVA increases the frequency of S10P (+38%). When exposure was preceded by extract treatment, the frequency of several methylations was impacted. B[a]P-UVA only induced the expression of SRSF1 and SFPQ in HaCaT (+46% and +34%). Treatment with the extract abolished this effect. Co-exposure increases the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β) in HaCaT cells and decreases those of AQP3, KRT15, and SOD2. The extract has little effect on these changes. In primary fibroblasts, exposure to B[a]P-UVA lowered the expression of LOXL2, LUM, and TGFBR2 (−38%, −59%, and −51%, respectively), and the extract did not affect these modifications. Conclusion: Within 24 hours, a single B[a]P-UVA co-exposure changes epigenetic marks of skin cells but has only mild effects on gene expression. An Arundo donax L. extract can prevent part of the epigenetic marks’ changes and could stimulate the expression of some genes in primary fibroblasts.
文摘芦竹Arundo donax L.由于其生长快速、抗逆性强、蛋白含量高等优点,正以重要能源植物的定位受到越来越多的重视。本研究针对本单位收集的源自我国山东省烟台市及福建省福州市永泰县的2种芦竹进行叶片形态、生物量及营养物质含量等生物学特性分析,发现2个芦竹品种在干物质产量、水分含量、纤维含量、粗灰分含量等指标上存在一定差异性。基于上述差异性,对2个芦竹品种的叶片进行Illumina高通量测序分析,构建芦竹转录组数据库。通过de novo的方法对获得的转录组数据进行组装,并预测各组装获得Unigene的开放阅读框,从而获得可能的蛋白氨基酸序列。通过基因表达量差异性分析,筛选2个芦竹品种中表达量差异显著的基因,并将上述基因与Gene Ontology(GO)、Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups of proteins(KOG)及Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)等数据库比对分析,预测差异表达基因的功能及参与的代谢信号通道。针对与生物量及生物乙醇产量相关的代谢途径的分析发现,2个芦竹品种在碳固定光合作用、淀粉/糖代谢及木质素合成相关的信号通道中关键酶基因的表达量上具有显著差异。上述结论从生物学及生物信息学角度分别分析了源自我国不同地域的芦竹品种在生物产量及生物质能源相关指标上的差异性。研究结论为筛选芦竹品种作为优质生物质能源草种提供了依据。
文摘The US Department of Energy is currently building strategies for the expansion of clean and renewable energy sources, and tall, rapidly-growing grasses such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and giant reed (Arundo donax) are two of the many of species that could fill this renewable energy niche. The objective was to compare stalk growth components of giant miscanthus and giant reed, in a low-input system (no irrigation and no fertilizer use) in Arkansas, USA. Due to the potential invasiveness of giant reed, our study was conducted on an upland site to minimize escape. Plant height and dry weight per stalk were measured every week for two consecutive growing seasons in 2012 and 2013. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured every two weeks from May to September in 2012. A significant species × day interaction occurred for plant height and dry weight per stalk, due to the relatively greater height and weight of giant reed compared to giant miscanthus after May. Stalk elongation rate was greater for giant reed than giant miscanthus (1.85 and 1.11 cm day-1, respectively). Leaf area index differed between species, giant reed (10.4 m2 m-2) > giant miscanthus (4.4 m2 m-2). We showed that giant reed produced taller, heavier stalks, and had a greater stalk elongation rate, compared to giant miscanthus. For sustainable bioenergy production from giant reed in Arkansas, further studies should be performed to determine ideal number of harvests per year and associated production cost.
