Constraint Force Analysis of Metamorphic Joints Based on the Augmented Assur Groups

In order to obtain a simple way for the force analysis of metamorphic mechanisms, the systematic method to unify the force analysis approach of metamorphic mechanisms as that of conventional planar mechanisms is proposed. A force analysis method of metamorphic mechanisms is developed by transforming the augmented Assur groups into Assur groups, so that the force analysis problem of metamorphic mechanisms is converted into the force analysis problems of conventional planar mechanisms. The constraint force change rules and values of metamorphic joints are obtained by the proposed method, and the constraint force analysis equations of revolute metamorphic joints in augmented Assur group RRRR and prismatic metamorphic joints in augmented Assur group RRPR are deduced. The constraint force analysis is illustrated by the constrained spring force design of paper folding metamorphic mechanism, and its metamorphic working process is controlled by the spring force and geometric constraints of metamorphic joints. The results of spring force show that developped design method and approach are feasible and practical. By transforming augmented Assur groups into Assur groups, a new method for the constraint force analysis of metamorphic joints is proposed firstly to provide the basis for dynamic analysis of metamorphic mechanism.

N杆Assur杆组构型综合图谱库研究

简要论述了杆组型综合研究现状,分析并归纳了杆组结构特征参数表达式,基于此提出杆组的特征值;并提出一种新的杆组拓扑图绘制原则。针对不同的杆组特征值,基于杆组拓扑图绘制方法,使用排列组合可快速、准确地进行N杆组构型综合分析。列表给出了杆组环数小于2、10杆组以内的所有全铰链杆组的特征值、构型拓扑图、结构图图谱库,通过一个实例说明特征值和图谱库对于机构级别分析的鉴别意义。拓展了基于杆组的机构型综合理论研究,为基于杆组法的机构研究与应用提供了一个详实的、可供参考的杆组构型图谱库。

基于Assur杆组元素的平面机构的拓扑描述

通常邻接矩阵仅描述机构中构件间连接关系,不能直接对基于Assur结构组成理论的杆组及其连接关系进行描述及变换。基于此,将杆组作为基本元素,替代邻接矩阵中的单一构件元素,构造一种基于Assur杆组元素的机构结构拓扑矩阵——杆组邻接矩阵。该矩阵对角线元素由代表主动件、机架和Asuur杆组和/或扩展Assur杆组三种基本元素组成,非对角线元素代表各基本元素间的连接关系及运动副的类型,清晰地描述了基于Assur结构理论的平面机构的结构组成。Assur杆组元素用于普通平面机构的拓扑描述,扩展Assur杆组元素用于变胞机构的拓扑描述。该矩阵为应用Assur结构组成理论系统的进行结构综合,特别是计算机辅助结构综合和分析提供了新的途径。实例验证了该矩阵的有效性和实用性。

基于扩展Assur杆组的变胞机构组成原理

提出一种模块化构造变胞机构的新方法,系统研究变胞机构结构组成问题。该方法即基于Assur杆组构造自由度为1的扩展的Assur杆组,应用Assur杆组法构造平面单自由度机构的规则,构造多自由度平面变胞机构。基于Assur杆组构建自由度为1的扩展Assur杆组,给出基于扩展Assur杆组的变胞机构组成原理、自由度的计算、具有确定运动的构型等基本问题。根据变胞后的蜕化的等效Assur杆组,研究扩展Assur杆组的运动变换特征,为变胞机构的结构综合提供依据。基于扩展杆组的概念,构造几种典型的空间1自由度变胞杆组,并对空间变胞机构的结构组成原理进行探索。实例表明,就像用Assur杆组构造普通机构一样,平面和空间变胞机构都能用所给出的自由度为1的模块构造而成,实现了系统的设计变胞机构。

含复铰和环路的6杆Assur杆组型综合

为综合得到含复铰的6杆Assur杆组构型综合,提出了一种含复铰杆组特征值的构型方法。分析此杆组特征值,得到了杆组中构件数、复铰数、环路数以及外接运动副之间的关系,在上述分析基础上运用C语言编程得到含复铰6杆Assur组的数综合。进一步的给出了含复铰杆组拓扑图的绘图原则和方法。结合含复铰杆组特征值和拓扑图绘制规则、方法,可快速、准确地进行含复铰6杆Assur杆组构型综合分析。列表给出了含复铰的6杆Assur杆组的型综合,丰富了含复铰杆组的构型综合。同时为实现计算机的自动绘制奠定了基础。

On s＊-Completions of Maximal Subgroups of Finite Groups

Given a maximal subgroup M of a group G, a θ*-completion C of M is called an s*-completion if either C = G or there exists a subgroup D of G which is not a θ*-completion of M such that D contains C as a maximal subgroup. In this paper, we obtain several results on s*-completions which imply G to be solvable or supersolvable.

Influence of group B streptococcus and vaginal cleanliness on the vaginal microbiome of pregnant women

BACKGROUND The vaginal microbiome plays a critical role in the health of pregnant women and their newborns.Group B Streptococcus(GBS)and vaginal cleanliness significantly affect the vaginal microecosystem and are closely associated with vaginal diseases.AIM To explore the effects of GBS status and vaginal cleanliness on vaginal microecosystems.METHODS We collected 160 vaginal swabs from pregnant women and divided them into the following four groups based on GBS status and vaginal cleanliness:GBS-positive+vaginal cleanliness I–II degree,GBS-negative+vaginal cleanliness I–II degree,GBS-positive+vaginal cleanliness III–IV degree,and GBS-negative+vaginal cleanliness III–IV degree.Samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.RESULTS Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Shannon index did not significantly differ between the four groups.We identified significant variation in taxa abundance between the GBS-positive and GBS-negative groups and between the vaginal cleanliness I–II degree and III–IV degree groups.Principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis further confirmed the microbial diversity of the four groups.Moreover,the linear discriminant analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillus jensenii and Actinobacteria were strongly associated with GBS-positive status,and Lactobacillus iners,Lactobacillaceae,Lactobacillus,Lactobacillales,Bacilli and Firmicutes were closely correlated with GBS-negative status.CONCLUSION GBS status and vaginal cleanliness significantly affect vaginal microbiome differences in pregnant women.Our findings provide instructional information for clinical antibiotic treatment in pregnant women with different GBS statuses and vaginal cleanliness degrees.

ON CRITICAL CASES OF SOBOLEV'S INEQUALITIES FOR HEISENBERG GROUPS

We prove some Trudinger-type inequalities and Brezis-Gallouet-Wainger inequality on the Heisenberg group, extending to this context the Euclidean results by T. Ozawa.

Symmetry Groups and New Exact Solutions to （2＋1）-Dimensional Variable Coefficient Canonical Generalized KP Equation

In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of fluorinated Schiff's base liquid crystals containing vinyl end groups

Three kinds of fluorinated Schiff＇s base esters, 4-allyloxy-2-X-6-X-benzoic acid 4-[（2, 3, 4-trifluorophenylimino）methyl]phenyl ester, where X=H or F, were synthesized and characterized. Their chemical structures were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （^1H NMR）. Their mesomorphic properties were studied by polarized optical microscopy （POM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. It was found that all the three compounds exhibited enantiotropic nematic phases only. And their cleating point temperature and thermal range of mesophase decreased with the number of fluorine atoms on the rigid core of the compounds; while their melting point temperature showed no distinct regularity.

Entanglement of E8E8 Exceptional Lie Symmetry Group Dark Energy, Einstein’s Maximal Total Energy and the Hartle-Hawking No Boundary Proposal as the Explanation for Dark Energy

The present note is concerned with two connected and highly important fundamental questions of physics and cosmology, namely if E8E8 Lie symmetry group describes the universe and where cosmic dark energy comes from. Furthermore, we reason following Wheeler, Hartle and Hawking that since the boundary of a boundary is an empty set which models the quantum wave of the cosmos, then it follows that dark energy is a fundamental physical phenomenon associated with the boundary of the holographic boundary. This leads directly to a clopen universe which is its own Penrose tiling-like multiverse with energy density in full agreement with COBE, WMAP and Type 1a supernova cosmic measurements.

Lie Symmetry Groups of(2+1)-Dimensional BKP Equation and Its New Solutions

A modified direct method is developed to find finite symmetry groups of nonlinear mathematical physicssystems.Applying the modified direct method to the well-known (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation we get its symmetry.Furthermore,the exact solutions of (2+1)-dimensional BKP equation are obtained through symmetry analysis.

Synthesis and properties of soluble poly（aryl ether sulfone ether ketone）s copolymers containing pendant methyl groups

A series of Poly（arly ether sulfone ether ketone）s containing pendant methyl groups were synthesized by the reaction of 4,4＇-[sulfonylbis （1,4-phenylene）dioxy] dibenzoyl chloride （SODBC） with 4,4＇- diphenoxy diphenylsulfone （DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di（2-methylphenoxy） diphenylsulfone （o-Me-DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di（3-methylphenoxy） diphenylsulfone （m-Me-DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di （2,6-bimethylphenoxy） biphenylsulfone（o-Me2-DPODPS） respectively, in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane （DCE） and N-methylpyrrolidone （NMP）. These reactions were catalyzed by anhydrous aluminum chloride （AlCl）. The characteristic of copolymers were studied by means of advanced analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H-NMR, DSC, TGA and WAXD. The results show glass transition temperature （Tg） in the range of 193-206℃, thermally stable in excess of 434℃ and excellent solubility in polar solvents. Methyl-substituted Poly（aryl ether sulfone ketone）s had higher glass transition temperatures, lower initial decomposition temperatures than the unsubstituted ones.

含复铰和环路的Assur杆组拓扑描述

为综合得到含复铰的Assur杆组构型综合,提出了一种含复铰杆组特征值的构型方法。分析此杆组特征值,得到了杆组中构件数、复铰数、环路数以及外接运动副之间的关系。进一步的通过含复铰杆组特征值组合以环路数为依据得出了拓扑胚图的生成方法。在拓扑胚图的基础上总结出了二元构件的分配原则以及归纳了二元构件的约束条件,由此确定二元构件的分配,得到杆组拓扑图。避免了拓扑图的同构判别,丰富了含复铰杆组的构型综合,同时为实现计算机的自动绘制奠定了基础。

A Framework for Exploring the Dynamics of Autonomous Work Groups in Manufacturing Organizations

Nowadays, new paradigm of enterprise organization i s constantly changing due to the emergence of the global marketplace, the rise of information technology, and the emphasis of the social developments. This re quires a more flexible form of organization that are more adaptable to rapid cha nges in business environment such as autonomous work groups (AWGs) in order to achieve higher productivity and effectiveness. AWGs are work units responsib le for the production of goods and the provision of services. They involve team members in making decisions that are traditionally the responsibility of the sup ervisors and managers (Cohen & Bailey, 1997). Team members of AWGs are allowed t o self-regulate their behavior on jobs such as task assignments, methods for ca rrying out the work, and scheduling of activities etc. (Cohen & Ledford, 1994). For example, Motorola achieved a high organizational performance due to the succ essful implementation of AWGs in quality management (Piczak & Hauser, 1996). Xer ox also reported their operational successes based on the team-oriented work gr oups (Wageman, 1997). In recent years many organizations have replaced the traditional layers of manag ement with autonomous team-based work arrangements. Surveys indicated that the adoption of AWGs has soared in responding to the competitive business challenges . Many enterprises are making a deliberate effort to use AWGs to carry out work and operational processes as an alternative for hierarchical approaches (Lawler et al., 1995). There is a growing body of evidence that AWGs are more effective than traditionally managed groups and they contributes to organizational perform ance, such as improvement in operational performance, productivity, quality, cos t savings, employee attitude and behavior, and employee satisfaction (e.g. Pears on, 1992; Cohen & Ledford, 1994; Seers et al. 1995). Given the complexity and cognitive nature of team-based organizations, the mech anisms that the enterprises use in the development of the increasingly sophistic ated models, which can contribute to the effective functioning of AWGs, are extr emely important. The process of developing effective AWGs enables enterprises to inherent built-in intelligence of the organizations so that they will be more able to accommodate to external pressures and changes. The context of this paper is the construction of a dynamics framework and a stra tegic path for autonomous work groups in the technology-oriented manufacturing organization re-design. The framework is a conceptual one drawn from the litera ture survey. The importance of studying autonomous work groups for today’s manuf acturing organizations is claimed. Based on the General System Theory (GST), the characterization of AWGs is addressed. Three-dimensional domains such as t echnical content, service content, and relationship content are identified. A st rategic path is proposed to guide the organizations how the development of AWGs progresses at different levels of maturity that are associated with organization al effectiveness and performance. The utility of the model for AWGs is expected to provide technology-oriented organizations with a strategic path to achieve h igher organizational performance.

Future Development Strategies for S Group Based on SWOT Analysis

In recent years,the real estate development enterprises are facing the gradually increased government's macro-control,and the increasingly fierce market competition,so it is very imperative to timely adjust and change the enterprises' development strategies to adapt to the new development situation.With S Group as the study object,we use SWOT analysis to analyze the company's internal and external environment,study the current situation of the company and the existing problems,and clearly point out the opportunities and challenges facing the company.Finally we put forth some targeted strategic recommendations,in order to provide a reference for the development of S Group.

Synthesis and characterization functionalized poly(ether ether ketone)s with carboxylic groups

A novel type of aromatic poly（ ether ether ketone） s with carboxyl groups were prepared by polycondensation of 4,4-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）pentanoic acid with difluoro-monomers. Their mo- lecular structures were determined by ^1H-NMR and IR, respectively. Their molecular weights were measured by gel permeation chromatography （ GPC ）, which showed that all the polymers had high molecule weights （ 〉 42 000）. Due to the long side chains of polymers, all the polymers had good solubility （soluble in NMP, DMAc, THF, etc. ）. The differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） detected their excellent glass transition temperatures （ Tg ） up to 195 ℃. The Tg increased with the content of carboxylic units in the polymer chains, because the interactions of H bonds increased with increasing content of carboxylic. The polymers could form transparent and flexible films, which make them a candidate for membrane materials.

Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) in the U.S.: Development and Reform

Objective To study the characteristics, specific functions and policy improvement process of the Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) in the U.S. and to provide references for drug group purchasing practices in China. Methods Domestic and foreign relevant literatures, websites were reviewed or searched to analyze the functions and policy improvement process of the GPOs in the U.S. so as to provide references for drug group purchasing practices in China. Results and Conclusion As a third party in the U.S. GPOs has formed a relatively integrated business process and projects service system after long-term development. Supported by corresponding policies and industrial regulations, GPOs have made a great contribution to control the growth of medical and healthcare expenses and improve the efficiency of medical institutions, and its development experience can enlighten the practices in China.

Kantorovich’s theorem for Newton’s method on Lie groups

The convergence criterion of Newton’s method to find the zeros of a map f from a Lie group to its corresponding Lie algebra is established under the assumption that f satisfies the classical Lipschitz condition, and that the radius of convergence ball is also obtained. Furthermore, the radii of the uniqueness balls of the zeros of f are estimated. Owren and Welfert (2000) stated that if the initial point is close sufficiently to a zero of f, then Newton’s method on Lie group converges to the zero; while this paper provides a Kantorovich’s criterion for the convergence of Newton’s method, not requiring the existence of a zero as a priori.

HEAT KERNELS AND HARDY'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE ON H-TYPE GROUPS

This article obtains an explicit expression of the heat kernels on H-type groups and then follow the estimate of heat kernels to deduce the Hardy＇s uncertainty principle on the nilpotent Lie groups.