Respiratory diseases such as asthma and rhinitis are multifaceted disorders which are exacerbated by various factors including: gender, age, diet, genetic background, biological materials, allergens (pollen and spores...Respiratory diseases such as asthma and rhinitis are multifaceted disorders which are exacerbated by various factors including: gender, age, diet, genetic background, biological materials, allergens (pollen and spores), pollutants, meteorological conditions and dust particles. It is hypothesized that, the number of valid physician diagnosed cases of paediatric asthma, which has resulted in emergency room visits in Trinidad can be expressed as a function of the magnitude of pollen counts, particulate matter (PM10), and selected meteorological parameters. These parameters were used to develop a 7-day predictive model for paediatric asthma admittance. The data showed no obvious, strong correlations between paediatric asthma admissions and dust concentrations, and paediatric asthma admissions and pollen concentrations, when considered in isolation or in a linear fashion. However, using polynomial regression analysis, which looked at combinations of interactions, a strong 7-day predictive model for paediatric asthma admissions, was developed. The model was tested against actual data collated during the study period and showed a strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.85) between the regression model and the actual admissions data.展开更多
Objective: To establish and evaluate a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Methods: The mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome was established by the treatment with inje...Objective: To establish and evaluate a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Methods: The mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome was established by the treatment with injecting ovalbumin(OVA) two times to sensitize, inhaling OVA 14 times to stimulate, and using thyroxin through lavage during late stimulation. This model was evaluated through body weight, asthmatic behaviors, respiratory function, autonomous activity, lung pathology, and pulmonary fluid clearance. Results: OVA combined with thyroxin was an appropriate method to induce the mouse model with increased food and water intake, autonomous activity, asthmatic behaviors score, and respiratory rate, decreased body weight, tidal volume, and wet/dry ratio of lung, and changed with pathology of lung tissue. The changes of the above mentioned parameters indicated that the model was the bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Conclusion: The OVA combined with thyroxin is a good pattern to establish a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome successfully, which can highly simulate the clinical symptoms of this disease.展开更多
Background: Daily paediatric asthma readmissions within 28 days are a good example of a low count time series and not easily amenable to common time series methods used in studies of asthma seasonality and time trends...Background: Daily paediatric asthma readmissions within 28 days are a good example of a low count time series and not easily amenable to common time series methods used in studies of asthma seasonality and time trends. We sought to model and predict daily trends of childhood asthma readmissions over time inVictoria,Australia. Methods: We used a database of 75,000 childhood asthma admissions from the Department ofHealth,Victoria,Australiain 1997-2009. Daily admissions over time were modeled using a semi parametric Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and by sex and age group. Predictions were also estimated by using these models. Results: N = 2401 asthma readmissions within 28 days occurred during study period. Of these, n = 1358 (57%) were boys. Overall, seasonal peaks occurred in winter (30.5%) followed by autumn (28.6%) and then spring (24.6%) (p展开更多
The goals of asthma management are to prevent or minimize symptoms, avert or reduce risk of asthma attacks and to ensure that asthma does not limit the patient’s activities since it is not curable. Thus in this study...The goals of asthma management are to prevent or minimize symptoms, avert or reduce risk of asthma attacks and to ensure that asthma does not limit the patient’s activities since it is not curable. Thus in this study, the degrees of success following treatments given to patients over time were assessed based on the patient’s length of stay on admission and factors responsible for patients’ response to treatment were equally examined using survival analysis models of parametric and semi-parametric distributions. The study was conducted on 464 asthmatic patients from four different hospitals in Ogun State. The data were extracted from patients’ records and prognostic factors such as age, sex, smoking, hereditary, obesity, respiratory illness and environmental pollution were considered for survival analysis. It was observed that there was drastic reduction in survival rate from 7 days upward at a cut-off probability value of 0.485, based on Kaplan-Meier (KM) results. Log-normal regression model, a parametric model with the least AIC value (2969.74) and least negative Log likelihood value (1475.87) shows best performance in handling asthma data with prognostic factors of Smoking (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.93 - 1.88), Obesity (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.80 - 1.93), Environmental pollution (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.52 - 1.18) and Respiratory illness (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.33 - 2.79) were found to have significantly affected the length of stay of asthmatic patients in hospital.展开更多
Extensive research of respiratory physiology and diseases of the airways and lungs provides better understanding of mechanisms of diseases and it is a source of new data with potential clinical application. The majori...Extensive research of respiratory physiology and diseases of the airways and lungs provides better understanding of mechanisms of diseases and it is a source of new data with potential clinical application. The majority of the data in the field of airway defensive reflexes were obtained from guinea pig model, as the most convenient one. Neurophysiology and neuropharma-cology of the cough reflex—which is exclusively mediated by the vagus nerve, share close similarities between guinea pigs and humans. The models used to study pathological processes and their influence on airway-defensive reflexes use sensitization with ovalbumin—the protein from chicken egg, which does not mimic allergies within human respiratory system. House dust mites (HDM) (Dermatophagoides pteronyssius and Dermatophagoides farinae) represent frequent human aeroallergens, however the HDM models are used considerably less than ovalbumin models. The primary objective of this review is to focus on already validated models of HDM-induced airway diseases to see, whether some of them are suitable to study mechanisms of peripheral cough plasticity in a condition of HDM-induced pathological processes. The main purpose of future use and validation of HDM model is to produce higher ability to translate the results obtained in animal models to human cough research.展开更多
Asthma is the most common noncommunicable disease among children. It leads to substantial problems both in health and economic terms to individuals and families. This paper introduces a technological solution, Easy Br...Asthma is the most common noncommunicable disease among children. It leads to substantial problems both in health and economic terms to individuals and families. This paper introduces a technological solution, Easy Breathing, that supports the man-agement of childhood asthma, providing tools for both doctors and patients. Through the establishment of an asthma chronic care model, it combines doctors’ professional guidance and a gamification system to improve the compliance of patients with their treatments and to provide them with tools for the self-management of their disease. The system is in the testing phase, the first mockup has been developed and validated with 270 medical experts and patients, and it will be tested with 540 end-users over the next months.展开更多
The goal of asthma management is to control symptoms, reduce the need for short acting beta agonist, and maintain optimal pulmonary function, and normal physical activities. Uncontrolled asthma can lead to obesity, su...The goal of asthma management is to control symptoms, reduce the need for short acting beta agonist, and maintain optimal pulmonary function, and normal physical activities. Uncontrolled asthma can lead to obesity, suboptimal pulmonary function, poor quality of life and mortality. Children with bronchial asthma in River State University Teaching Hospital were just receiving acute care in the emergency room with no concrete plan for a follow up care for their chronic asthma;as a result most of the patients had uncontrolled asthma. In the hospital, the situation led to increased emergency hospitalization, resulting in decreased bed availability, increased burden on manpower and health resource utilization thereby putting more pressure on the limited health resources. Using the Kotter’s model for change management, transformational and situational leadership style, the change in the desired quality and scope of health service rendered to asthmatic patients was successfully implemented;as a result there was a decrease in emergency room visit for acute asthma by 57.5% and an increase in the uptake of scheduled clinic visits for asthma control services. The effect of these changes was an improvement in the control of asthma and quality of life of our patient cohort. Implementation of change in health service delivery is a delicate process that needs a stepwise approach in order to successfully implement and sustain the desired change.展开更多
旨在构建尘螨诱导的特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD)小鼠模型和哮喘小鼠模型。本研究利用3种主要尘螨螨种(屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带无爪螨)的主要变应原Der p 1、Der f 1、Blo t 5等比混合,分别诱导AD小鼠模型和哮喘小鼠模型,并通过皮...旨在构建尘螨诱导的特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD)小鼠模型和哮喘小鼠模型。本研究利用3种主要尘螨螨种(屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带无爪螨)的主要变应原Der p 1、Der f 1、Blo t 5等比混合,分别诱导AD小鼠模型和哮喘小鼠模型,并通过皮肤及肺组织的相关炎症细胞因子水平(IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17A)、血清总IgE水平等指标对AD小鼠的过敏程度进行评估;通过IgE水平、耳朵点刺试验、肺部组织苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE)等指标评估哮喘小鼠模型。结果表明,AD模型中致敏区域皮肤出现破损后结痂现象,皮肤及肺组织中细胞因子水平的变化表明小鼠体内反应偏向Th2反应,IgE水平较正常组显著升高;哮喘模型组小鼠血清总IgE水平显著升高,变应原激发后模型小鼠体温下降明显,且90 min后仍未恢复初始温度,耳朵点刺试验中,抗原的攻击使模型组小鼠耳朵染料渗漏增加,肺组织HE染色显示模型组小鼠炎症细胞浸润增加。本研究成功诱导尘螨AD小鼠模型和尘螨哮喘小鼠模型。展开更多
为构建可靠、稳定的过敏性哮喘小鼠模型,选取12只5周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为模型组和对照组,每组6只。模型组每只小鼠腹腔注射100μL的1 g·L^(-1)猫、犬融合变应原Fel d 1-Can f 1/氢氧化铝复合物致敏,并经气管注入100μL的1 g&...为构建可靠、稳定的过敏性哮喘小鼠模型,选取12只5周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为模型组和对照组,每组6只。模型组每只小鼠腹腔注射100μL的1 g·L^(-1)猫、犬融合变应原Fel d 1-Can f 1/氢氧化铝复合物致敏,并经气管注入100μL的1 g·L^(-1)猫、犬融合变应原Fel d 1-Can f 1激发,对照组给予等体积PBS(pH=7.4)。检测血清特异性IgE水平、气道反应性水平、变应原诱发应激性过敏反应、耳朵点刺试验、肺部组织炎症浸润程度、肺部组织多黏液杯状细胞数和胶原纤维沉积程度等多个指标,以判断过敏性哮喘模型是否构建成功。结果表明,与对照组相比,经Fel d 1-Can f 1诱导的小鼠血清特异性IgE水平显著上升,气道反应性显著增高,变应原诱发体温下降明显,耳朵染料渗漏面积增大,渗漏净强度显著增强,肺部炎症浸润显著增加,多黏液杯状细胞数增加,胶原纤维沉积程度加重。综上所述,本研究成功构建过敏性哮喘小鼠模型,可为猫、犬过敏防治型疫苗的开发及评价提供模型条件。展开更多
目的构建过敏性哮喘患儿接受螨皮下注射免疫治疗(SCIT)出现不良反应的诺莫图预测模型,并加以评估和验证。方法回顾性分析2016年8月至2023年12月于天津医科大学第二医院儿科接受螨SCIT的过敏性哮喘患儿的病历资料。根据SCIT初始治疗阶段...目的构建过敏性哮喘患儿接受螨皮下注射免疫治疗(SCIT)出现不良反应的诺莫图预测模型,并加以评估和验证。方法回顾性分析2016年8月至2023年12月于天津医科大学第二医院儿科接受螨SCIT的过敏性哮喘患儿的病历资料。根据SCIT初始治疗阶段出现不良反应情况将其分为不良反应组和无不良反应组,2组共同组成建模组。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选独立危险因素,构建预测模型,绘制诺莫图,并对模型进行评估和验证。结果共纳入350例患儿,不良反应组176例,无不良反应组174例。对患儿的基线资料进行单因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,性别、年龄、近1年哮喘急性发作次数、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、总IgE(tIgE)、屋尘螨(Der p)特异性IgE(sIgE)、粉尘螨(Der f)sIgE、其他吸入性过敏原种类数是SCIT不良反应发生的危险因素(均P<0.1)。将其纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄、近1年哮喘急性发作次数、tIgE、Der p sIgE、Der f sIgE、其他吸入性过敏原种类数是独立危险因素(P均<0.05),基于此结果绘制诺莫图。绘制受试者操作特征曲线进行模型评价,曲线下面积为0.877(灵敏度73.9%,特异度90.8%),且预测概率与实际发生概率一致性较好,内部验证表明该模型具有较好的预测效能。结论年龄、近1年哮喘急性发作次数、tIgE、Der p sIgE、Der f sIgE、其他吸入性过敏原种类数为儿童螨SCIT不良反应的独立危险因素,基于此绘制的诺莫图具有较好的预测价值。展开更多
文摘Respiratory diseases such as asthma and rhinitis are multifaceted disorders which are exacerbated by various factors including: gender, age, diet, genetic background, biological materials, allergens (pollen and spores), pollutants, meteorological conditions and dust particles. It is hypothesized that, the number of valid physician diagnosed cases of paediatric asthma, which has resulted in emergency room visits in Trinidad can be expressed as a function of the magnitude of pollen counts, particulate matter (PM10), and selected meteorological parameters. These parameters were used to develop a 7-day predictive model for paediatric asthma admittance. The data showed no obvious, strong correlations between paediatric asthma admissions and dust concentrations, and paediatric asthma admissions and pollen concentrations, when considered in isolation or in a linear fashion. However, using polynomial regression analysis, which looked at combinations of interactions, a strong 7-day predictive model for paediatric asthma admissions, was developed. The model was tested against actual data collated during the study period and showed a strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.85) between the regression model and the actual admissions data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund(the regional project81460668)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(1310RJZ A086)the open fund project of Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu Province(ZDSYS-KJ-2013-008)
文摘Objective: To establish and evaluate a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Methods: The mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome was established by the treatment with injecting ovalbumin(OVA) two times to sensitize, inhaling OVA 14 times to stimulate, and using thyroxin through lavage during late stimulation. This model was evaluated through body weight, asthmatic behaviors, respiratory function, autonomous activity, lung pathology, and pulmonary fluid clearance. Results: OVA combined with thyroxin was an appropriate method to induce the mouse model with increased food and water intake, autonomous activity, asthmatic behaviors score, and respiratory rate, decreased body weight, tidal volume, and wet/dry ratio of lung, and changed with pathology of lung tissue. The changes of the above mentioned parameters indicated that the model was the bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome. Conclusion: The OVA combined with thyroxin is a good pattern to establish a mouse model of bronchial asthma with Yin deficiency syndrome successfully, which can highly simulate the clinical symptoms of this disease.
文摘Background: Daily paediatric asthma readmissions within 28 days are a good example of a low count time series and not easily amenable to common time series methods used in studies of asthma seasonality and time trends. We sought to model and predict daily trends of childhood asthma readmissions over time inVictoria,Australia. Methods: We used a database of 75,000 childhood asthma admissions from the Department ofHealth,Victoria,Australiain 1997-2009. Daily admissions over time were modeled using a semi parametric Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and by sex and age group. Predictions were also estimated by using these models. Results: N = 2401 asthma readmissions within 28 days occurred during study period. Of these, n = 1358 (57%) were boys. Overall, seasonal peaks occurred in winter (30.5%) followed by autumn (28.6%) and then spring (24.6%) (p
文摘The goals of asthma management are to prevent or minimize symptoms, avert or reduce risk of asthma attacks and to ensure that asthma does not limit the patient’s activities since it is not curable. Thus in this study, the degrees of success following treatments given to patients over time were assessed based on the patient’s length of stay on admission and factors responsible for patients’ response to treatment were equally examined using survival analysis models of parametric and semi-parametric distributions. The study was conducted on 464 asthmatic patients from four different hospitals in Ogun State. The data were extracted from patients’ records and prognostic factors such as age, sex, smoking, hereditary, obesity, respiratory illness and environmental pollution were considered for survival analysis. It was observed that there was drastic reduction in survival rate from 7 days upward at a cut-off probability value of 0.485, based on Kaplan-Meier (KM) results. Log-normal regression model, a parametric model with the least AIC value (2969.74) and least negative Log likelihood value (1475.87) shows best performance in handling asthma data with prognostic factors of Smoking (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.93 - 1.88), Obesity (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.80 - 1.93), Environmental pollution (HR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.52 - 1.18) and Respiratory illness (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.33 - 2.79) were found to have significantly affected the length of stay of asthmatic patients in hospital.
文摘Extensive research of respiratory physiology and diseases of the airways and lungs provides better understanding of mechanisms of diseases and it is a source of new data with potential clinical application. The majority of the data in the field of airway defensive reflexes were obtained from guinea pig model, as the most convenient one. Neurophysiology and neuropharma-cology of the cough reflex—which is exclusively mediated by the vagus nerve, share close similarities between guinea pigs and humans. The models used to study pathological processes and their influence on airway-defensive reflexes use sensitization with ovalbumin—the protein from chicken egg, which does not mimic allergies within human respiratory system. House dust mites (HDM) (Dermatophagoides pteronyssius and Dermatophagoides farinae) represent frequent human aeroallergens, however the HDM models are used considerably less than ovalbumin models. The primary objective of this review is to focus on already validated models of HDM-induced airway diseases to see, whether some of them are suitable to study mechanisms of peripheral cough plasticity in a condition of HDM-induced pathological processes. The main purpose of future use and validation of HDM model is to produce higher ability to translate the results obtained in animal models to human cough research.
文摘Asthma is the most common noncommunicable disease among children. It leads to substantial problems both in health and economic terms to individuals and families. This paper introduces a technological solution, Easy Breathing, that supports the man-agement of childhood asthma, providing tools for both doctors and patients. Through the establishment of an asthma chronic care model, it combines doctors’ professional guidance and a gamification system to improve the compliance of patients with their treatments and to provide them with tools for the self-management of their disease. The system is in the testing phase, the first mockup has been developed and validated with 270 medical experts and patients, and it will be tested with 540 end-users over the next months.
文摘The goal of asthma management is to control symptoms, reduce the need for short acting beta agonist, and maintain optimal pulmonary function, and normal physical activities. Uncontrolled asthma can lead to obesity, suboptimal pulmonary function, poor quality of life and mortality. Children with bronchial asthma in River State University Teaching Hospital were just receiving acute care in the emergency room with no concrete plan for a follow up care for their chronic asthma;as a result most of the patients had uncontrolled asthma. In the hospital, the situation led to increased emergency hospitalization, resulting in decreased bed availability, increased burden on manpower and health resource utilization thereby putting more pressure on the limited health resources. Using the Kotter’s model for change management, transformational and situational leadership style, the change in the desired quality and scope of health service rendered to asthmatic patients was successfully implemented;as a result there was a decrease in emergency room visit for acute asthma by 57.5% and an increase in the uptake of scheduled clinic visits for asthma control services. The effect of these changes was an improvement in the control of asthma and quality of life of our patient cohort. Implementation of change in health service delivery is a delicate process that needs a stepwise approach in order to successfully implement and sustain the desired change.
文摘旨在构建尘螨诱导的特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD)小鼠模型和哮喘小鼠模型。本研究利用3种主要尘螨螨种(屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带无爪螨)的主要变应原Der p 1、Der f 1、Blo t 5等比混合,分别诱导AD小鼠模型和哮喘小鼠模型,并通过皮肤及肺组织的相关炎症细胞因子水平(IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17A)、血清总IgE水平等指标对AD小鼠的过敏程度进行评估;通过IgE水平、耳朵点刺试验、肺部组织苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE)等指标评估哮喘小鼠模型。结果表明,AD模型中致敏区域皮肤出现破损后结痂现象,皮肤及肺组织中细胞因子水平的变化表明小鼠体内反应偏向Th2反应,IgE水平较正常组显著升高;哮喘模型组小鼠血清总IgE水平显著升高,变应原激发后模型小鼠体温下降明显,且90 min后仍未恢复初始温度,耳朵点刺试验中,抗原的攻击使模型组小鼠耳朵染料渗漏增加,肺组织HE染色显示模型组小鼠炎症细胞浸润增加。本研究成功诱导尘螨AD小鼠模型和尘螨哮喘小鼠模型。
文摘为构建可靠、稳定的过敏性哮喘小鼠模型,选取12只5周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为模型组和对照组,每组6只。模型组每只小鼠腹腔注射100μL的1 g·L^(-1)猫、犬融合变应原Fel d 1-Can f 1/氢氧化铝复合物致敏,并经气管注入100μL的1 g·L^(-1)猫、犬融合变应原Fel d 1-Can f 1激发,对照组给予等体积PBS(pH=7.4)。检测血清特异性IgE水平、气道反应性水平、变应原诱发应激性过敏反应、耳朵点刺试验、肺部组织炎症浸润程度、肺部组织多黏液杯状细胞数和胶原纤维沉积程度等多个指标,以判断过敏性哮喘模型是否构建成功。结果表明,与对照组相比,经Fel d 1-Can f 1诱导的小鼠血清特异性IgE水平显著上升,气道反应性显著增高,变应原诱发体温下降明显,耳朵染料渗漏面积增大,渗漏净强度显著增强,肺部炎症浸润显著增加,多黏液杯状细胞数增加,胶原纤维沉积程度加重。综上所述,本研究成功构建过敏性哮喘小鼠模型,可为猫、犬过敏防治型疫苗的开发及评价提供模型条件。
文摘目的构建过敏性哮喘患儿接受螨皮下注射免疫治疗(SCIT)出现不良反应的诺莫图预测模型,并加以评估和验证。方法回顾性分析2016年8月至2023年12月于天津医科大学第二医院儿科接受螨SCIT的过敏性哮喘患儿的病历资料。根据SCIT初始治疗阶段出现不良反应情况将其分为不良反应组和无不良反应组,2组共同组成建模组。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选独立危险因素,构建预测模型,绘制诺莫图,并对模型进行评估和验证。结果共纳入350例患儿,不良反应组176例,无不良反应组174例。对患儿的基线资料进行单因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,性别、年龄、近1年哮喘急性发作次数、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(EOS%)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%pred)、总IgE(tIgE)、屋尘螨(Der p)特异性IgE(sIgE)、粉尘螨(Der f)sIgE、其他吸入性过敏原种类数是SCIT不良反应发生的危险因素(均P<0.1)。将其纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄、近1年哮喘急性发作次数、tIgE、Der p sIgE、Der f sIgE、其他吸入性过敏原种类数是独立危险因素(P均<0.05),基于此结果绘制诺莫图。绘制受试者操作特征曲线进行模型评价,曲线下面积为0.877(灵敏度73.9%,特异度90.8%),且预测概率与实际发生概率一致性较好,内部验证表明该模型具有较好的预测效能。结论年龄、近1年哮喘急性发作次数、tIgE、Der p sIgE、Der f sIgE、其他吸入性过敏原种类数为儿童螨SCIT不良反应的独立危险因素,基于此绘制的诺莫图具有较好的预测价值。
