Aim Using animals as object of experiment to acquire various patterns of low cerebral blood pressure and reduced blood capacity in cerebral tissues of astronauts due to the load of acceleration. Methods The isotope ...Aim Using animals as object of experiment to acquire various patterns of low cerebral blood pressure and reduced blood capacity in cerebral tissues of astronauts due to the load of acceleration. Methods The isotope tracking technique was applied to mark the blood and record the dynamic curves of cerebral blood flow changes under various accelerations, and the relevant mathematical model was set up using the method of system recognition. Also the method of factor analyzing was used to select two out of the data collected by eight sensors as two factors. Results One of the two factors reflects the various patterns in the astronaut's upper body, the other for the lower body. Parameters of rise time, delay time and steady value reflect the results under different acceleration. Conclusion Whether for the upper body or the lower body, blood flow changes can be considered as a second order system model. This method provides a new technique and method of doing research on astronaut's endurance of acceleration and selecting astronauts.展开更多
Sufficient sleep duration and good sleep quality are crucial to ensure normal physical and mental health, cognition and work performance for the common people, as well as astronauts. On-orbit sleep problem is very com...Sufficient sleep duration and good sleep quality are crucial to ensure normal physical and mental health, cognition and work performance for the common people, as well as astronauts. On-orbit sleep problem is very common among astronauts and has potential detrimental influences on the health of crewmembers and the safety of flight missions. Sleep in space is becoming a new medical research frontier. In this review we summarized on-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and six kinds of causes, and we presented the effects of lack of sleep on performance as well as mental and physical health, then we proposed seven kinds of countermeasures for sleep disturbance in spaceflight, including pharmacologic interventions, light treatment, crew selection and training, Traditional Chinese Medicine and so on. Furthermore, we discussed and oriented the prospect of researches on sleep in space.展开更多
On 30 May 2020,two National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)astronauts,Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley,made history as the first two people to travel to the International Space Station(ISS)aboard a private...On 30 May 2020,two National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)astronauts,Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley,made history as the first two people to travel to the International Space Station(ISS)aboard a private spacecraft(Fig.1).Nine weeks later,on 2 August 2020,the SpaceX(Hawthorne,CA,USA)built and operated Crew Dragon returned Behnken and Hurley back to Earth,safely completing the mission.展开更多
In order to mitigate the effects of space adaptation syndrome(SAS) and improve the training efficiency of the astronauts, a novel astronaut rehabilitative training robot(ART) was proposed. ART can help the astronauts ...In order to mitigate the effects of space adaptation syndrome(SAS) and improve the training efficiency of the astronauts, a novel astronaut rehabilitative training robot(ART) was proposed. ART can help the astronauts to carry out the bench press training in the microgravity environment. Firstly, a dynamic model of cable driven unit(CDU) was established whose accuracy was verified through the model identification. Secondly, to improve the accuracy and the speed of the active loading, an active loading hybrid force controller was proposed on the basis of the dynamic model of the CDU. Finally, the actual effect of the hybrid force controller was tested by simulations and experiments. The results suggest that the hybrid force controller can significantly improve the precision and the dynamic performance of the active loading with the maximum phase lag of the active loading being 9° and the maximum amplitude error being 2% at the frequency range of 10 Hz. The controller can meet the design requirements.展开更多
This commentary addresses the article by Wu et al. entitled 'On-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and countermeasures'. In this article, the authors discussed the sleep problems of astronauts. Despite its cha...This commentary addresses the article by Wu et al. entitled 'On-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and countermeasures'. In this article, the authors discussed the sleep problems of astronauts. Despite its challenging topic, the paper authored by Wu et al. has at least one major shortcoming. This issue is related to the observation that the sleep pattern of astronauts can be disturbed by light flash phenomenon. Since the first report by astronaut E.E. Aldrin in 1969, many astronauts have reported light flashes. These visually perceived flashes of light occurred in different shapes but they apparently moved across the visual field of astronauts and possibly caused, at least to some extent, sleep problems. Moreover, the countermeasures proposed by the authors may improve astronauts’ sleep pattern, but they do not address the root cause of the light flashes(i.e., heavy ion interactions outside the shielding provided by the Earth’s magnetosphere). A possible approach to reducing light flashes is available using the fact that much of the galactic cosmic radiation(GCR) spectrum is composed of ions that can be diverted from the spacecraft using electromagnetic fields. Possible design parameters and the requisite electric and magnetic field strengths to successfully deflect GCR radiation are outlined.展开更多
Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics;(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community.Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific in...Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics;(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community.Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights,TNUAA offers publication of new experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics,astronautics and civil aviation.展开更多
Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics (TNUAA) is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community. Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific ...Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics (TNUAA) is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community. Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights, TNUAA offers publication of new experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics, astronautics and civil aviation.展开更多
Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics (ISSN 1005-1120) is a comprehensive academic publication focusing on the research achievements in aeronautics, civil aviation, astronautics and thei...Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics (ISSN 1005-1120) is a comprehensive academic publication focusing on the research achievements in aeronautics, civil aviation, astronautics and their theoretical basis. It mainly publishes the papers on advancements in science and technology researches, and significant achievements in展开更多
From the XRD pattern （Fig. Sic）, bacterial cellulose （BC） shows a typical profile of cellulose 1 with three typical dif fraction peaks occurring in the region of 10 25°. Besides, BC possesses abundant surface...From the XRD pattern （Fig. Sic）, bacterial cellulose （BC） shows a typical profile of cellulose 1 with three typical dif fraction peaks occurring in the region of 10 25°. Besides, BC possesses abundant surface hydroxyl groups （ OH） along its networks with negatively charged sites.展开更多
Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics (TNUAA, in English) is a comprehensive academic publication which deals mainly with the research achievements in aeronautics, civil aviation, astron...Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics (TNUAA, in English) is a comprehensive academic publication which deals mainly with the research achievements in aeronautics, civil aviation, astronautics and their theoretical basis. It is published by Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, and has started its publication since Oct.展开更多
The Beijing Astronautics Changfeng Medical Equipment Co. Ltd is a large enterprise within the Chinese astronautics system. It is the only key enterprise manufacturing anesthesia machines,monitoring instruments and res...The Beijing Astronautics Changfeng Medical Equipment Co. Ltd is a large enterprise within the Chinese astronautics system. It is the only key enterprise manufacturing anesthesia machines,monitoring instruments and respirators in China that has been in operation for ten years. The products are used in sev-展开更多
The 8th Young Astronauts International Conference took place in Beijing from August 2 to August 5, 1995. Present at the Conference are some 800 delegates from 10 countries and areas, such as Belarus, Russia, Kazakhsta...The 8th Young Astronauts International Conference took place in Beijing from August 2 to August 5, 1995. Present at the Conference are some 800 delegates from 10 countries and areas, such as Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Korea, U. S. A. , Japan, Ukraine, China and Hongkong and Macao areas. The Young Astronauts International is an international organization engaged in popular space science education for展开更多
Compared with other ordinary launch vehicles, the LM-2F launch vehicle has two special systems, the fault detection processing system and launch escape system, because it is used for manned spaceflight missions. Durin...Compared with other ordinary launch vehicles, the LM-2F launch vehicle has two special systems, the fault detection processing system and launch escape system, because it is used for manned spaceflight missions. During the 10 flight missions carried out by LM-2F, only the展开更多
I’d like to take this opportunity,, on behalf of China National Space Administration and the host organization, the Chinese Society of Astronautics, to extend our best wishes to the opening of the Conference and warm...I’d like to take this opportunity,, on behalf of China National Space Administration and the host organization, the Chinese Society of Astronautics, to extend our best wishes to the opening of the Conference and warmly welcome all delegates here both from home and abroad. The Young Astronauts International is an international organization which devotes itself to the space popular science education among young people.展开更多
文摘Aim Using animals as object of experiment to acquire various patterns of low cerebral blood pressure and reduced blood capacity in cerebral tissues of astronauts due to the load of acceleration. Methods The isotope tracking technique was applied to mark the blood and record the dynamic curves of cerebral blood flow changes under various accelerations, and the relevant mathematical model was set up using the method of system recognition. Also the method of factor analyzing was used to select two out of the data collected by eight sensors as two factors. Results One of the two factors reflects the various patterns in the astronaut's upper body, the other for the lower body. Parameters of rise time, delay time and steady value reflect the results under different acceleration. Conclusion Whether for the upper body or the lower body, blood flow changes can be considered as a second order system model. This method provides a new technique and method of doing research on astronaut's endurance of acceleration and selecting astronauts.
基金supported by the Manned Spaceflight Program of China,the Advanced Space Medio-Engineering Research Project of China(2014SY54A0001)
文摘Sufficient sleep duration and good sleep quality are crucial to ensure normal physical and mental health, cognition and work performance for the common people, as well as astronauts. On-orbit sleep problem is very common among astronauts and has potential detrimental influences on the health of crewmembers and the safety of flight missions. Sleep in space is becoming a new medical research frontier. In this review we summarized on-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and six kinds of causes, and we presented the effects of lack of sleep on performance as well as mental and physical health, then we proposed seven kinds of countermeasures for sleep disturbance in spaceflight, including pharmacologic interventions, light treatment, crew selection and training, Traditional Chinese Medicine and so on. Furthermore, we discussed and oriented the prospect of researches on sleep in space.
文摘On 30 May 2020,two National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)astronauts,Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley,made history as the first two people to travel to the International Space Station(ISS)aboard a private spacecraft(Fig.1).Nine weeks later,on 2 August 2020,the SpaceX(Hawthorne,CA,USA)built and operated Crew Dragon returned Behnken and Hurley back to Earth,safely completing the mission.
基金Project(61175128) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2008AA040203) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(QC2010009) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China
文摘In order to mitigate the effects of space adaptation syndrome(SAS) and improve the training efficiency of the astronauts, a novel astronaut rehabilitative training robot(ART) was proposed. ART can help the astronauts to carry out the bench press training in the microgravity environment. Firstly, a dynamic model of cable driven unit(CDU) was established whose accuracy was verified through the model identification. Secondly, to improve the accuracy and the speed of the active loading, an active loading hybrid force controller was proposed on the basis of the dynamic model of the CDU. Finally, the actual effect of the hybrid force controller was tested by simulations and experiments. The results suggest that the hybrid force controller can significantly improve the precision and the dynamic performance of the active loading with the maximum phase lag of the active loading being 9° and the maximum amplitude error being 2% at the frequency range of 10 Hz. The controller can meet the design requirements.
文摘This commentary addresses the article by Wu et al. entitled 'On-orbit sleep problems of astronauts and countermeasures'. In this article, the authors discussed the sleep problems of astronauts. Despite its challenging topic, the paper authored by Wu et al. has at least one major shortcoming. This issue is related to the observation that the sleep pattern of astronauts can be disturbed by light flash phenomenon. Since the first report by astronaut E.E. Aldrin in 1969, many astronauts have reported light flashes. These visually perceived flashes of light occurred in different shapes but they apparently moved across the visual field of astronauts and possibly caused, at least to some extent, sleep problems. Moreover, the countermeasures proposed by the authors may improve astronauts’ sleep pattern, but they do not address the root cause of the light flashes(i.e., heavy ion interactions outside the shielding provided by the Earth’s magnetosphere). A possible approach to reducing light flashes is available using the fact that much of the galactic cosmic radiation(GCR) spectrum is composed of ions that can be diverted from the spacecraft using electromagnetic fields. Possible design parameters and the requisite electric and magnetic field strengths to successfully deflect GCR radiation are outlined.
文摘Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics;(TNUAA)is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community.Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights,TNUAA offers publication of new experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics,astronautics and civil aviation.
文摘Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics (TNUAA) is a bimonthly journal facing international academic community. Emphasizing prompt and effective dissemination of key data and new scientific insights, TNUAA offers publication of new experimental and theoretical papers bearing on applications to all branches of aeronautics, astronautics and civil aviation.
文摘Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics (ISSN 1005-1120) is a comprehensive academic publication focusing on the research achievements in aeronautics, civil aviation, astronautics and their theoretical basis. It mainly publishes the papers on advancements in science and technology researches, and significant achievements in
文摘From the XRD pattern （Fig. Sic）, bacterial cellulose （BC） shows a typical profile of cellulose 1 with three typical dif fraction peaks occurring in the region of 10 25°. Besides, BC possesses abundant surface hydroxyl groups （ OH） along its networks with negatively charged sites.
文摘Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics (TNUAA, in English) is a comprehensive academic publication which deals mainly with the research achievements in aeronautics, civil aviation, astronautics and their theoretical basis. It is published by Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, and has started its publication since Oct.
文摘The Beijing Astronautics Changfeng Medical Equipment Co. Ltd is a large enterprise within the Chinese astronautics system. It is the only key enterprise manufacturing anesthesia machines,monitoring instruments and respirators in China that has been in operation for ten years. The products are used in sev-
文摘The 8th Young Astronauts International Conference took place in Beijing from August 2 to August 5, 1995. Present at the Conference are some 800 delegates from 10 countries and areas, such as Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Korea, U. S. A. , Japan, Ukraine, China and Hongkong and Macao areas. The Young Astronauts International is an international organization engaged in popular space science education for
文摘Compared with other ordinary launch vehicles, the LM-2F launch vehicle has two special systems, the fault detection processing system and launch escape system, because it is used for manned spaceflight missions. During the 10 flight missions carried out by LM-2F, only the
文摘I’d like to take this opportunity,, on behalf of China National Space Administration and the host organization, the Chinese Society of Astronautics, to extend our best wishes to the opening of the Conference and warmly welcome all delegates here both from home and abroad. The Young Astronauts International is an international organization which devotes itself to the space popular science education among young people.
