An Arbitrarily High Order and Asymptotic Preserving Kinetic Scheme in Compressible Fluid Dynamic

We present a class of arbitrarily high order fully explicit kinetic numerical methods in compressible fluid dynamics,both in time and space,which include the relaxation schemes by Jin and Xin.These methods can use the CFL number larger or equal to unity on regular Cartesian meshes for the multi-dimensional case.These kinetic models depend on a small parameter that can be seen as a"Knudsen"number.The method is asymptotic preserving in this Knudsen number.Also,the computational costs of the method are of the same order of a fully explicit scheme.This work is the extension of Abgrall et al.(2022)[3]to multidimensional systems.We have assessed our method on several problems for two-dimensional scalar problems and Euler equations and the scheme has proven to be robust and to achieve the theoretically predicted high order of accuracy on smooth solutions.

THE ASYMPTOTIC PRESERVING UNIFIED GAS KINETIC SCHEME FOR GRAY RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATIONS ON DISTORTED QUADRILATERAL MESHES

In this paper,we consider the multi-dimensional asymptotic preserving unified gas kinetic scheme for gray radiative transfer equations on distorted quadrilateral meshes.Different from the former scheme [J.Comput.Phys.285（2015）,265-279] on uniform meshes,in this paper,in order to obtain the boundary fluxes based on the framework of unified gas kinetic scheme（UGKS）,we use the real multi-dimensional reconstruction for the initial data and the macro-terms in the equation of the gray transfer equations.We can prove that the scheme is asymptotic preserving,and especially for the distorted quadrilateral meshes,a nine-point scheme [SIAM J.SCI.COMPUT.30（2008）,1341-1361] for the diffusion limit equations is obtained,which is naturally reduced to standard five-point scheme for the orthogonal meshes.The numerical examples on distorted meshes are included to validate the current approach.

Implicit Asymptotic Preserving Method for Linear Transport Equations

The computation of the radiative transfer equation is expensive mainly due to two stiff terms:the transport term and the collision operator.The stiffness in the former comes from the fact that particles(such as photons)travel at the speed of light,while that in the latter is due to the strong scattering in the optically thick region.We study the fully implicit scheme for this equation to account for the stiffness.The main challenge in the implicit treatment is the coupling between the spacial and angular coordinates that requires the large size of the to-be-inverted matrix,which is also ill-conditioned and not necessarily symmetric.Our main idea is to utilize the spectral structure of the ill-conditioned matrix to construct a pre-conditioner,which,along with an exquisite split of the spatial and angular dependence,significantly improve the condition number and allows a matrix-free treatment.We also design a fast solver to compute this pre-conditioner explicitly in advance.Our method is shown to be efficient in both diffusive and free streaming limit,and the computational cost is comparable to the state-of-the-art method.Various examples including anisotropic scattering and two-dimensional problems are provided to validate the effectiveness of our method.

An All-Speed Asymptotic-Preserving Method for the Isentropic Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations

The computation of compressible flows becomesmore challengingwhen the Mach number has different orders of magnitude.When the Mach number is of order one,modern shock capturing methods are able to capture shocks and other complex structures with high numerical resolutions.However,if theMach number is small,the acoustic waves lead to stiffness in time and excessively large numerical viscosity,thus demanding much smaller time step and mesh size than normally needed for incompressible flow simulation.In this paper,we develop an all-speed asymptotic preserving(AP)numerical scheme for the compressible isentropic Euler and Navier-Stokes equations that is uniformly stable and accurate for all Mach numbers.Our idea is to split the system into two parts:one involves a slow,nonlinear and conservative hyperbolic system adequate for the use of modern shock capturing methods and the other a linear hyperbolic system which contains the stiff acoustic dynamics,to be solved implicitly.This implicit part is reformulated into a standard pressure Poisson projection system and thus possesses sufficient structure for efficient fast Fourier transform solution techniques.In the zero Mach number limit,the scheme automatically becomes a projection method-like incompressible solver.We present numerical results in one and two dimensions in both compressible and incompressible regimes.

A Free Streaming Contact Preserving Scheme for the M_(1) Model

The present work concerns the numerical approximation of the M_(1) model for radiative transfer.The main purpose is to introduce an accurate finite volume method according to the nonlinear system of conservation laws that governs this model.We propose to derive an HLLC method which preserves the stationary contact waves.To supplement this essential property,the method is proved to be robust and to preserve the physical admissible states.Next,a relevant asymptotic preserving correction is proposed in order to obtain a method which is able to deal with all the physical regimes.The relevance of the numerical procedure is exhibited thanks to numerical simulations of physical interest.

Derivation of a Non-Local Model for Diffusion Asymptotics--Application to Radiative Transfer Problems

In this paper,we introduce a moment closure which is intended to provide a macroscopic approximation of the evolution of a particle distribution function,solution of a kinetic equation.This closure is of non local type in the sense that it involves convolution or pseudo-differential operators.We show it is consistent with the diffusion limit and we propose numerical approximations to treat the non local terms.We illustrate how this approach can be incorporated in complex models involving a coupling with hydrodynamic equations,by treating examples arising in radiative transfer.We pay a specific attention to the conservation of the total energy by the numerical scheme.

All Speed Scheme for the Low Mach Number Limit of the Isentropic Euler Equations

An all speed scheme for the Isentropic Euler equations is presented in thispaper. When the Mach number tends to zero, the compressible Euler equations converge to their incompressible counterpart, in which the density becomes a constant. Increasing approximation errors and severe stability constraints are the main difficultyin the low Mach regime. The key idea of our all speed scheme is the special semiimplicit time discretization, in which the low Mach number stiff term is divided intotwo parts, one being treated explicitly and the other one implicitly. Moreover, the fluxof the density equation is also treated implicitly and an elliptic type equation is derivedto obtain the density. In this way, the correct limit can be captured without requesting the mesh size and time step to be smaller than the Mach number. Compared withprevious semi-implicit methods [11,13,29], firstly, nonphysical oscillations can be suppressed by choosing proper parameter, besides, only a linear elliptic equation needs tobe solved implicitly which reduces much computational cost. We develop this semiimplicit time discretization in the framework of a first order Local Lax-Friedrichs (orRusanov) scheme and numerical tests are displayed to demonstrate its performances.

IMEX Large Time Step Finite Volume Methods for Low Froude Number Shallow Water Flows

We present new large time step methods for the shallow water flows in the lowFroude number limit.In order to take into accountmultiscale phenomena that typically appear in geophysical flows nonlinear fluxes are split into a linear part governing the gravitational waves and the nonlinear advection.We propose to approximate fast linear waves implicitly in time and in space bymeans of a genuinely multidimensional evolution operator.On the other hand,we approximate nonlinear advection part explicitly in time and in space bymeans of themethod of characteristics or some standard numerical flux function.Time integration is realized by the implicit-explicit(IMEX)method.We apply the IMEX Euler scheme,two step Runge Kutta Cranck Nicolson scheme,as well as the semi-implicit BDF scheme and prove their asymptotic preserving property in the low Froude number limit.Numerical experiments demonstrate stability,accuracy and robustness of these new large time step finite volume schemes with respect to small Froude number.

Exponential Runge-Kutta Methods for the Multispecies Boltzmann Equation

This paper generalizes the exponential Runge-Kutta asymptotic preserving(AP)method developed in[G.Dimarco and L.Pareschi,SIAM Numer.Anal.,49(2011),pp.2057–2077]to compute the multi-species Boltzmann equation.Compared to the single species Boltzmann equation that the method was originally applied on,this set of equation presents a new difficulty that comes from the lack of local conservation laws due to the interaction between different species.Hence extra stiff nonlinear source terms need to be treated properly to maintain the accuracy and the AP property.The method we propose does not contain any nonlinear nonlocal implicit solver,and can capture the hydrodynamic limit with time step and mesh size independent of the Knudsen number.We prove the positivity and strong AP properties of the scheme,which are verified by two numerical examples.

A UNIFORM FIRST-ORDER METHOD FOR THE DISCRETE ORDINATE TRANSPORT EQUATION WITH INTERFACES IN X,Y-GEOMETRY

A uniformly first-order convergent numerical method for the discrete-ordinate transport equation in the rectangle geometry is proposed in this paper. Firstly we approximate the scattering coefficients and source terms by piecewise constants determined by their cell averages. Then for each cell, following the work of De Barros and Larsen [1, 19], the solution at the cell edge is approximated by its average along the edge. As a result, the solution of the system of equations for the cell edge averages in each cell can be obtained analytically. Finally, we piece together the numerical solution with the neighboring cells using the interface conditions. When there is no interface or boundary layer, this method is asymptotic-preserving, which implies that coarse meshes （meshes that do not resolve the mean free path） can be used to obtain good numerical approximations. Moreover, the uniform first-order convergence with respect to the mean free path is shown numerically and the rigorous proof is provided.

A Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Collisional Vlasov-Poisson Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates

Many configurations in plasma physics are axisymmetric,it will be more convenient to depict them in cylindrical coordinates compared with Cartesian coordinates.In this paper,a gas-kinetic scheme for collisional Vlasov-Poisson equations in cylindrical coordinates is proposed,our algorithm is based on Strang splitting.The equation is divided into two parts,one is the kinetic transport-collision part solved by multiscale gas-kinetic scheme,and the other is the acceleration part solved by a Runge-Kutta solver.The asymptotic preserving property of whole algorithm is proved and it’s applied on the study of charge separation problem in plasma edge and 1D Z-pinch configuration.Numerical results show it can capture the process fromnon-equilibrium to equilibrium state by Coulomb collisions,and numerical accuracy is obtained.

Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta Schemes for the Boltzmann-Poisson System for Semiconductors

In this paper we develop a class of Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta schemes for solving the multi-scale semiconductor Boltzmann equation.The relevant scale which characterizes this kind of problems is the diffusive scaling.This means that,in the limit of zero mean free path,the system is governed by a drift-diffusion equation.Our aim is to develop a method which accurately works for the different regimes encountered in general semiconductor simulations:the kinetic,the intermediate and the diffusive one.Moreover,we want to overcome the restrictive time step conditions of standard time integration techniques when applied to the solution of this kind of phenomena without any deterioration in the accuracy.As a result,we obtain high order time and space discretization schemes which do not suffer from the usual parabolic stiffness in the diffusive limit.We show different numerical results which permit to appreciate the performances of the proposed schemes.

General Synthetic Iterative Scheme for Unsteady Rarefied Gas Flows

In rarefied gas flows,the spatial grid size could vary by several orders of magnitude in a single flow configuration(e.g.,inside the Knudsen layer it is at the order of mean free path of gas molecules,while in the bulk region it is at a much larger hydrodynamic scale).Therefore,efficient implicit numerical method is urgently needed for time-dependent problems.However,the integro-differential nature of gas kinetic equations poses a grand challenge,as the gain part of the collision operator is non-invertible.Hence an iterative solver is required in each time step,which usually takes a lot of iterations in the(near)continuum flow regime where the Knudsen number is small;worse still,the solution does not asymptotically preserve the fluid dynamic limit when the spatial cell size is not refined enough.Based on the general synthetic iteration scheme for steady-state solution of the Boltzmann equation,we propose two numerical schemes to push the multiscale simulation of unsteady rarefied gas flows to a new boundary,that is,the numerical solution not only converges within dozens of iterations in each time step,but also asymptotically preserves the Navier-Stokes-Fourier limit in the continuum flow regime,when the spatial grid is coarse,and the time step is large(e.g.,in simulating the extreme slow decay of two-dimensional Taylor vortex,the time step is even at the order of vortex decay time).The properties of fast convergence and asymptotic preserving of the proposed schemes are not only rigorously proven by the Fourier stability analysis for simplified gas kinetic models,but also demonstrated by several numerical examples for the gas kinetic models and the Boltzmann equation.