为预测及综合防治豆科植物的害虫长额负蝗(Atractomorpha lata Motschoulsky),研究温度对长额负蝗生长发育、存活和繁殖的影响,在室内人工气候箱16、20、24、28和32℃共5个恒温条件下,以大豆豆叶为寄主进行饲养,研究温度对长额负蝗的各...为预测及综合防治豆科植物的害虫长额负蝗(Atractomorpha lata Motschoulsky),研究温度对长额负蝗生长发育、存活和繁殖的影响,在室内人工气候箱16、20、24、28和32℃共5个恒温条件下,以大豆豆叶为寄主进行饲养,研究温度对长额负蝗的各虫态发育历期、发育速率及存活率的影响。结果表明:在16℃条件下长额负蝗无法完成世代发育。在试验温度范围内,卵、若虫和全世代平均发育历期随温度升高而缩短,成虫寿命为先升高再降低,通过拟合方程得出发育速率与温度呈正相关。采用直线回归法计算出长额负蝗卵期、若虫期、成虫期和全世代发育起点温度分别为10.81、14.50、18.98、15.17℃,有效积温分别为464.91、453.43、148.41和1078.41 d·℃。长额负蝗成虫产卵量在24℃时最高,为80.37粒/雌,20℃最低,为26.47粒/雌,在20~32℃条件下,种群趋势指数I均大于1,24℃时I值最大,为11.31。温度对长额负蝗存活率影响显著。研究结果可为长额负蝗发生期预测及综合防治提供理论依据。展开更多
The dynamic distribution of three different glycoconjugates in oocytes and follicle cells during the oogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis were detected using biotin-labeled Peanut Agglutinin （PNA）, Soy Bean Agglutin...The dynamic distribution of three different glycoconjugates in oocytes and follicle cells during the oogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis were detected using biotin-labeled Peanut Agglutinin （PNA）, Soy Bean Agglutinin （SBA） and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I （UEA-I） lectins. The results showed that during oogenesis there was no distribution of the UEA-I receptor. The receptors of PNA and SBA were found to be dependent on developmental stage and present different distribution patterns accordingly. The binding sites of the two lectins indicated the presence of different sugars （PNA for Galβ1,3GalNAc and SBA for GalNAc） and showed considerable variation during oogenesis. PNA and SBA receptors first appeared at the oocyte growth phase, the PNA receptors then disappeared gradually and the SBA receptors exhibited the greatest expression. At the early phase of yolk formation, PNA and SBA receptors were located just at the brim of ooplasm, which was the region of vitellin formation. However at the later phase of yolk formation, neither of the two receptors was detected. In the mature egg, PNA and SBA receptors were distributed again on the vitellin membrane and the eggshell. The two receptors were also widely distributed in the follicular cells, showing similar distribution variation to the oocytes. The results indicate that the change and modification of the two receptors may be greatly related to the growth of oocytes, the preparation for yolk formation, the differentiation of follicular cells and the maturation of oocytes. The glycoconjugates on the vitellin membrane probably play important roles in sperm and egg recognition. The two lectins bound moderately or strongly to the eggshell, which indicates that the eggshell of A. sinensis contains the GalNAc and GalβGalNAc glycoproteins.展开更多
Ten enzymes(AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizon-tal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper sp...Ten enzymes(AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizon-tal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper species Atractomorpha sinensis and A.peregrina from Shanxi,China.The collecting sites were geographically distant from each other from south to north:Quwo district,Linfen city;Xiangyuan county,Changzhi;Jinyuan district,Taiyuan city;Yuanping county,Xinzhou city and Fanshi county of Xinzhou.A.sinensis showed 43 alleles at 16 loci but A.peregrine showed 39 alleles at 15 loci(Idh-1 was defi-cient).The zymograms showed that some common alleles were shared at several loci in these two species(Aat-1-b,Aat-2-b,G3pdh-a,Ck-1-b and Ldh-b).However,Hex-1-a,Hex-2-a,Hex-3-a,Idh-2-b,Mdh-2-b,Mdh-1-f,Pgi-b,Pgm-b had common alleles in A.sinensis and Hex-1-b,Hex-2-b,Hex-3-b,Idh-2-a,Mdh-2-a,Mdh-1-d,Pgi-a,Pgm-c were of high frequency in A.peregrine instead.Most of the observed genotype frequencies were found to significantly deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both species.A tendency of clinal distribution of allele frequency was observed at three loci.The frequency of the moderately migrating allele Me-c(0.318−0.740)in A.peregrina,Hex-1-a(0.800−1.000)and Ldh-b(0.487−0.750)in A.sinensis demonstrated increased frequency from north to south.Such tendency sug-gests that the allele frequency in these three loci may be correlated with the species’geographic distributions.A.sinensis showed higher genetic diversity than A.peregrina as indi-cated by higher mean number of alleles per locus(A=1.9−2.3 in A.sinensis and 1.7−2.2 in A.peregrina),percentage of polymorphic loci(56.3%−68.8%in A.sinensis and 43.8%−56.3%in A.peregrina),and the observed heterozy-gosities(Ho=0.072−0.096 in A.sinensis and 0.070−0.107 in A.peregrina).The observed heterozygosities of the six populations were all noticeably lower than the Hardy-Weinberg expectations,mostly due to heterozygote deficiency in the populations of both species.The overall mean FST were small(F_(ST)=0.045,P>0.05 in A.sinensis populations and 0.087,P>0.05 in A.peregrina populations).Nei’s genetic identity(I)estimates indicate low intraspecific(>0.95)but higher interspecific(0.377−0.447)genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on modified Roger’s genetic distance(D)showed that the two species were divided into two branches.Both species are of limited dispersal capacity and a moderate geographical barrier might significantly restrict the gene exchange among populations,resulting in accumulation of local genetic differentiations.The A.sinensis populations used in this study were separated from each other by 155.2 to 271.4 km and the A.peregrina populations were separated from each other by 78.8 to 174.9 km with observable physical barriers.The allozyme data showed only minimal genetic differentiation at population level,most likely as a result of gene exchange.It is reasoned that natural factors and human agricultural activities might have facilitated migration and dispersal for the two species.展开更多
利用凝集素细胞化学方法对短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar配子发生过程中蓖麻凝集素(Ricinus communis agglutininⅠ,RCA-Ⅰ)受体分布进行了定位研究,旨在认识昆虫配子发生过程中β-半乳糖复合物的分布规律及意义。结果表明:...利用凝集素细胞化学方法对短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar配子发生过程中蓖麻凝集素(Ricinus communis agglutininⅠ,RCA-Ⅰ)受体分布进行了定位研究,旨在认识昆虫配子发生过程中β-半乳糖复合物的分布规律及意义。结果表明:在短额负蝗精子发生过程中,RCA-Ⅰ在各期生精细胞膜上均有明显的阳性反应,变形期及成熟期精子头部为中强度阳性反应。卵子发生中,各阶段卵母细胞均为阳性反应,在卵母细胞生长期阳性反应达峰值,随着卵黄颗粒的逐渐形成,阳性反应逐渐减弱,成熟卵子中卵黄膜上重新出现中强度阳性反应。结果提示短额负蝗配子发生过程中β-半乳糖复合物的高度表达和修饰变化与其配子发生密切相关。展开更多
文摘为预测及综合防治豆科植物的害虫长额负蝗(Atractomorpha lata Motschoulsky),研究温度对长额负蝗生长发育、存活和繁殖的影响,在室内人工气候箱16、20、24、28和32℃共5个恒温条件下,以大豆豆叶为寄主进行饲养,研究温度对长额负蝗的各虫态发育历期、发育速率及存活率的影响。结果表明:在16℃条件下长额负蝗无法完成世代发育。在试验温度范围内,卵、若虫和全世代平均发育历期随温度升高而缩短,成虫寿命为先升高再降低,通过拟合方程得出发育速率与温度呈正相关。采用直线回归法计算出长额负蝗卵期、若虫期、成虫期和全世代发育起点温度分别为10.81、14.50、18.98、15.17℃,有效积温分别为464.91、453.43、148.41和1078.41 d·℃。长额负蝗成虫产卵量在24℃时最高,为80.37粒/雌,20℃最低,为26.47粒/雌,在20~32℃条件下,种群趋势指数I均大于1,24℃时I值最大,为11.31。温度对长额负蝗存活率影响显著。研究结果可为长额负蝗发生期预测及综合防治提供理论依据。
文摘The dynamic distribution of three different glycoconjugates in oocytes and follicle cells during the oogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis were detected using biotin-labeled Peanut Agglutinin （PNA）, Soy Bean Agglutinin （SBA） and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I （UEA-I） lectins. The results showed that during oogenesis there was no distribution of the UEA-I receptor. The receptors of PNA and SBA were found to be dependent on developmental stage and present different distribution patterns accordingly. The binding sites of the two lectins indicated the presence of different sugars （PNA for Galβ1,3GalNAc and SBA for GalNAc） and showed considerable variation during oogenesis. PNA and SBA receptors first appeared at the oocyte growth phase, the PNA receptors then disappeared gradually and the SBA receptors exhibited the greatest expression. At the early phase of yolk formation, PNA and SBA receptors were located just at the brim of ooplasm, which was the region of vitellin formation. However at the later phase of yolk formation, neither of the two receptors was detected. In the mature egg, PNA and SBA receptors were distributed again on the vitellin membrane and the eggshell. The two receptors were also widely distributed in the follicular cells, showing similar distribution variation to the oocytes. The results indicate that the change and modification of the two receptors may be greatly related to the growth of oocytes, the preparation for yolk formation, the differentiation of follicular cells and the maturation of oocytes. The glycoconjugates on the vitellin membrane probably play important roles in sperm and egg recognition. The two lectins bound moderately or strongly to the eggshell, which indicates that the eggshell of A. sinensis contains the GalNAc and GalβGalNAc glycoproteins.
文摘Ten enzymes(AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizon-tal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper species Atractomorpha sinensis and A.peregrina from Shanxi,China.The collecting sites were geographically distant from each other from south to north:Quwo district,Linfen city;Xiangyuan county,Changzhi;Jinyuan district,Taiyuan city;Yuanping county,Xinzhou city and Fanshi county of Xinzhou.A.sinensis showed 43 alleles at 16 loci but A.peregrine showed 39 alleles at 15 loci(Idh-1 was defi-cient).The zymograms showed that some common alleles were shared at several loci in these two species(Aat-1-b,Aat-2-b,G3pdh-a,Ck-1-b and Ldh-b).However,Hex-1-a,Hex-2-a,Hex-3-a,Idh-2-b,Mdh-2-b,Mdh-1-f,Pgi-b,Pgm-b had common alleles in A.sinensis and Hex-1-b,Hex-2-b,Hex-3-b,Idh-2-a,Mdh-2-a,Mdh-1-d,Pgi-a,Pgm-c were of high frequency in A.peregrine instead.Most of the observed genotype frequencies were found to significantly deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both species.A tendency of clinal distribution of allele frequency was observed at three loci.The frequency of the moderately migrating allele Me-c(0.318−0.740)in A.peregrina,Hex-1-a(0.800−1.000)and Ldh-b(0.487−0.750)in A.sinensis demonstrated increased frequency from north to south.Such tendency sug-gests that the allele frequency in these three loci may be correlated with the species’geographic distributions.A.sinensis showed higher genetic diversity than A.peregrina as indi-cated by higher mean number of alleles per locus(A=1.9−2.3 in A.sinensis and 1.7−2.2 in A.peregrina),percentage of polymorphic loci(56.3%−68.8%in A.sinensis and 43.8%−56.3%in A.peregrina),and the observed heterozy-gosities(Ho=0.072−0.096 in A.sinensis and 0.070−0.107 in A.peregrina).The observed heterozygosities of the six populations were all noticeably lower than the Hardy-Weinberg expectations,mostly due to heterozygote deficiency in the populations of both species.The overall mean FST were small(F_(ST)=0.045,P>0.05 in A.sinensis populations and 0.087,P>0.05 in A.peregrina populations).Nei’s genetic identity(I)estimates indicate low intraspecific(>0.95)but higher interspecific(0.377−0.447)genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on modified Roger’s genetic distance(D)showed that the two species were divided into two branches.Both species are of limited dispersal capacity and a moderate geographical barrier might significantly restrict the gene exchange among populations,resulting in accumulation of local genetic differentiations.The A.sinensis populations used in this study were separated from each other by 155.2 to 271.4 km and the A.peregrina populations were separated from each other by 78.8 to 174.9 km with observable physical barriers.The allozyme data showed only minimal genetic differentiation at population level,most likely as a result of gene exchange.It is reasoned that natural factors and human agricultural activities might have facilitated migration and dispersal for the two species.
文摘利用凝集素细胞化学方法对短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar配子发生过程中蓖麻凝集素(Ricinus communis agglutininⅠ,RCA-Ⅰ)受体分布进行了定位研究,旨在认识昆虫配子发生过程中β-半乳糖复合物的分布规律及意义。结果表明:在短额负蝗精子发生过程中,RCA-Ⅰ在各期生精细胞膜上均有明显的阳性反应,变形期及成熟期精子头部为中强度阳性反应。卵子发生中,各阶段卵母细胞均为阳性反应,在卵母细胞生长期阳性反应达峰值,随着卵黄颗粒的逐渐形成,阳性反应逐渐减弱,成熟卵子中卵黄膜上重新出现中强度阳性反应。结果提示短额负蝗配子发生过程中β-半乳糖复合物的高度表达和修饰变化与其配子发生密切相关。
