Analysis of the Causes of Continuous Cropping Obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz in Pingjiang County and Its Control Methods

First at all, it introduced the concept and the damages of continuous cropping obstacle. Then, it analyzed the causes of continuous cropping obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. In the end, in order to provide guidance for pro- moting sustainable development of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz industry in Pingjiang County, it put forward some control methods for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, including breeding varieties with high resistance; applying rotation cropping and intercropping reasonable; rational fertilization and soil disinfection; introducing antagonistic bacterial and eliminating au- tointoxication.

Chemical components and protective effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz.ex Kitam against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats

BACKGROUND Atractylodes japonica Koidz.ex Kitam.(A.japonica,Chinese name:Guan-Cangzhu,Japanese name:Byaku-jutsu),a perennial herb,which is mainly distributed in northeast area of China,it’s often used to treat digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer(GU).However,the mechanism of its potential protective effects against GU remains unclear.AIM To investigate the protective effects of A.japonica on acetic acid-induced GU rats.METHODS The chemical constituents of A.japonica were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis.The rat model of GU was simulated by acetic acid method.The pathological changes of gastric tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin stain,the levels of epidermal growth factor(EGF),EGF receptor(EGFR),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-10,Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase(NKA)in serum and gastric tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the mRNA expressions of EGFR,NF-κBp65,IkappaBalpha(IκBα)and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)in gastric tissues were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and the efficacy was observed.Then,plasma metabolomic analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to screen the specific potential biomarkers,metabolic pathways and to explore the possible mechani-sms.RESULTS 48 chemical constituents were identified.Many of them have strong pharmacological activity,the results also revealed that A.japonica significantly improved the pathological damage of gastric tissues,increased the expression levels of IL-10,IκBαrelated to anti-inflammatory factors,decreased the expression levels of IL-1β,NF-κB,NF-κBp65,related to proinflammatory factors,restored the levels of factors about EGF,EGFR,ZO-1 associated with ulcer healing and the levels of factors about NKA associated with energy metabolism.Metabolomic analysis identified 10 potential differential metabolites and enriched 7 related metabolic pathways.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential mechanism of A.japonica to improve acetic acidinduced GU,and will be of great importance for the development and clinical application of natural drugs related to A.japonica.

Effects of Atractylodes Macrocephala on the Cytomembrane Ca^(2+)-activated K^+ Currents in Cells of Human Pregnant Myometrial Smooth Muscles

The study examined the inhibitory effect of Atractylodes macrocephala （AM） on the uterine contraction during premature delivery and explored its electrophysiological mechanism by studying the effects of AM on the Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells with or without the treatment with intedeukin-6. Single cells were acutely isolated from pregnant human myometrial smooth muscles. Whole-cell Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents were recorded by using an Axopatchl-D amplifier. The cells were divided into three groups： group A in which AM was added into perfusate, group B, in which interleukin-6 was added into perfusate） and group C in which AM was added into perfusate after addition of interleukin-6. IL-6 10 ng/mL inhibited BKca by 36.9%±13.7% as compared with control （P〈0.01）. AM at 2 mg/mL raised BKca by 36.7%±22.6% or 45.2%±13.7% with or without the treatment of IL-6, respectively （P〈0.01）. It is concluded that AM was able to enhance the BKca of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells treated or untreated with interleukin-6 and its effect on the BKca IL-treated cells was stronger that its effect on BKca of untreated cells. Our results suggested that AM can help to maintain the membrane potentials and the resting status of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells.

Advances in research on chemical constituents,pharmacological actions and processing of atractylodes macrocephala

Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.

Control Effect of Validamycin against Seedling Blight of Atractylodes macrocephala

[Objective] The paper was to explore the effective agent against seedling blight of Atractylodes macrocephala. [Method] The control effects of 60% validamycin A SP against seeding blight of A. macrocephala were studied in the field, and compared with that of control agent 20% bismerthiazol WP. [Result] At 14 d post the third spraying, the control effect of 60% validamycin A SP at the dose of 495-540 g/hm;was 76.9%,which was equivalent to that of control agent 20% bismerthiazol WP sprayed at the dose of 270 g/hm;（76.7%）. [Conclusion] 60% Validamycin A SP could be used as the ideal agent against seedling blight of A. macrocephala, with good prospects of application and popularization.

Pharmacodynamic Substance and Mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in Treating PD Based on LC-MS and Network Pharmacology Technology

[Objectives]The paper was to explore the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in treating primary dysmenorrhea(PD).[Methods]The components of A.macrocephala were qualitatively identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)combined with analyst TF 1.7.1 and peakview 2.2 software with reference to internal databases and literatures.The chemical components of A.macrocephala and the target of PD were collected by using network pharmacological data.The common genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)of genes and genomes with the help of String database and Metascape platform,and the affinity between core molecules and key targets was verified.[Results]A total of 23 chemical components of A.macrocephala were identified,and 301 gene targets of chemical components of A.macrocephala,614 targets of PD,and 25 intersection targets were obtained.GO analysis results obtained 505 biological processes,11 cellular components,and 33 molecular functions.KEGG pathway analysis showed that it mainly involved TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism.The top 4 targets of PPI network centrality and the top 5 compounds of A.macrocephala-component-target-disease network centrality were selected for docking.The docking results showed that atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II had strong binding ability.[Conclusions]A.macrocephala may exert a curative effect on PD by targeting atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II on key targets such as TNF,IL6,IL1β,PTGS2 to regulate cellular TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway,and arachidonic acid metabolism.

Quality Evaluation of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz.in Chengde Region Based on Dual Component Analysis

[Objectives]To evaluate the quality of Atractylodes chinensis(DC.)Koidz.in Chengde region.[Methods]35 samples of A.chinensis from different growth years were collected,and a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method was established for the dual components of atractylodin and atractylone,and the quality evaluation was conducted on the cultivated A.chinensis from Chengde region in terms of moisture,ash and volatile oil content.[Results]The moisture content of all samples met the regulations,and the content of volatile oil was relatively high.Among them,seven samples with atractylodin content lower than 0.3%were unqualified products(accounting for 20%),and one sample had excessive ash content(accounting for 3%).[Conclusions]The established method for the determination of the dual components of Atractylodis Rhizoma is stable,simple,fast,precise and reusable.Besides,according to the Pearson correlation analysis among the indicators,it is concluded that the atractylodin and atractylone content are significantly related to the growth period and the volatile oil content.In addition,the quality evaluation indicators of A.chinensis in Chengde region show that there are differences in the quality of Atractylodis Rhizoma,but the overall pass rate is relatively high.It is necessary to further study the reasons for the differences.

白术炮制规格及其化学成分与药理作用研究进展

白术是菊科多年生草本植物,药典收载白术和麸炒白术两种饮片规格,主要有效成分为挥发油、内酯、多糖、黄酮和苷类等。主要作用于胃肠道、免疫与神经系统,发挥调节胃肠道、抗肿瘤、抗炎护肝和保护神经等多种药理作用。本文对白术的古今炮制规格及其化学成分和药理作用进行综述,以期为白术的临床应用提供参考。

白术多糖对动物免疫调节作用研究进展

随着集约化养殖规模的快速发展,畜禽疾病呈现传播快、易流行等特点,并且免疫抑制现象普遍存在,使我国畜禽疫病防控面临较大压力。白术是菊科植物白术的干燥根茎,是一味常用的补益类中药,现代医学研究表明,白术多糖是其主要活性成分之一。文章综述了近年来白术多糖在动物免疫方面的研究进展,为白术深入研究和临床开发应用提供参考。

Populational change of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg cells is responsible for the synergistic effect of the combination of RAMP2 with baicalin in treating recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse models

Background: The absence of a safe and effective therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion due to a maternofetal failure in immunological tolerance remains an intractable clinical obstacle for surgeons. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has become a feasible alternative for certain diseases, including recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, because of the complex composition of the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its action mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We selected two isolated active ingredients (RAMP and baicalin) from the traditional Chinese medicine formula and used an abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 model to simulate human RSA and compared the changes in fetal resorption rate, Treg cell percentage, and relevant cytokines before and after combination therapy. In addition, The mechanisms were preliminarily discussed using in vitro differentiation models. Results: In CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice, the combination therapy resulted in a lower embryo resorption rate compared to that obtained with individual delivery of either RAMP or baicalin, thereby playing an embryo-protective role through the increase in Treg cells for the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In in vitro primary cell differentiation experiments, the concentration of Treg cells significantly increased from 11% to 17.9% after the combination therapy compared to that of the single administration group. Conclusion: the synergistic effects of RAMP and baicalin were responsible for Treg differentiation. The present study provides a solid basis for improving the applicability of traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

饲料中添加白术提取物对日本沼虾生长、健康和抗病力的影响

文章研究了饲料中添加不同水平的白术提取物(Extraction of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,EAMK)对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)生产性能、器官指数、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力、消化系统健康和抗病力的影响。实验以初始体重为(0.21±0.05)g的日本沼虾为研究对象,设置6个饲料处理,白术提取物添加量为0、100、200、400、600和1200 mg/kg(Control、A100、A200、A400、A600和A1200)。每个饲料处理设6个重复,每个养殖缸放入60尾虾,实验周期为75d,每天记录采食量。养殖实验期间监测水体温度为(20±3)℃,pH为7.8—8.2,亚硝酸盐为0.16—0.2 mg/L,氨氮为0.02—0.1 mg/L,溶氧>6.0 mg/L。在实验结束后,分析日本沼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道消化酶和免疫指标及肝胰腺抗氧化能力,观察日本沼虾的组织结构,用嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)进行攻毒并记录存活率。结果表明:饲料中添加200 mg/kg的白术提取物可以显著提高日本沼虾的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR),并显著降低饲料系数(FC;P<0.05)。各处理组间的肝体比、出肉率和体成分均无显著性差异(P>0.05);A100组的血清葡萄糖(Glu)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并能显著降低谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性(P<0.05);各白术提取物处理组的血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇含量(TC)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);A400组的肝胰腺GSH-Px活性显著高于A100组和对照组(P<0.05),A600组的肝胰腺CAT活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),A200和400组的肠道iNOS的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);A400组的日本沼虾肠绒毛显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并且减轻了肝细胞的空泡化,促进了鳃的完整性;A100处理组的嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后存活率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,白术提取物可以提高日本沼虾的生长性能和抗氧化能力,提高抗病力,在日本沼虾饲料中适宜添加量为100—400 mg/kg。

北苍术对持续干旱的生理和转录组响应分析

为了探究北苍术响应干旱胁迫的生理和分子机制,本试验采用穴盘育苗法,分析持续自然干旱3~18 d北苍术响应干旱胁迫的生理特征;利用高通量转录组测序技术,分析干旱胁迫下北苍术的分子响应特征。结果表明,持续干旱6 d起,北苍术植株相对含水量极显著低于对照,可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量、抗氧化酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照;复水15 d时,北苍术过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和植株相对含水量恢复到与对照无显著差异,但其他指标均仍极显著高于对照。主成分分析结果表明,可溶性糖和总蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和CAT活性可较好地反应北苍术的抗旱能力,干旱胁迫下北苍术隶属函数综合评价D值为0.765~0.865。转录组分析共获得14 538个差异表达基因(DEGs),GO功能注释最多的Unigene与细胞组分相关,KEGG分类中注释最多的Unigene是糖代谢;注释到萜类与聚酮类代谢途径的Unigene共71条,其中12条编码倍半萜和三萜类生物合成途径中的7个关键酶。综合分析可知,干旱胁迫影响北苍术相关功能基因表达,进而影响其生理特征。本试验为北苍术的抗旱机理和主要活性成分生物合成途径研究提供了参考。

基于网络药理学及转录组分析的“白术-苍术”药对防治高脂血症作用机制研究

[目的]明确“白术-苍术”药对对高脂血症(hyperlipidemia,HLP)的防治作用,结合网络药理学分析,初步阐释其作用机制。[方法]采用高脂饲料喂养复制HLP大鼠模型,同时给予不同剂量的“白术-苍术”药对进行干预;实验期末比较各组大鼠血脂水平并观察肝组织脂质沉积情况。采用网络药理学预测“白术-苍术”药对治疗HLP的潜在活性成分及作用靶点,并进一步进行实验验证。[结果]“白术-苍术”药对对高脂饮食诱导的HLP具有良好的防治作用。网络药理学分析发现,“白术-苍术”所含3β-醋酸基白术酮、汉黄芩素、3β-乙酰氧基苍术酮等成分为其治疗HLP的潜在活性成分,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors,PPAR)信号通路相关PPARγ、脂肪酸结合蛋白4(fatty acid binding protein 4,FABP4)为其潜在调节通路和作用靶点。动物实验结果表明,“白术-苍术”能显著上调HLP模型大鼠PPARγ表达。[结论]“白术-苍术”药对防治高脂饮食诱导的HLP的作用与激活PPARγ信号通路有关。

白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的网络药理学分析及试验验证

旨在通过网络药理学和动物试验探究白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的效果和机制。通过TCMSP数据库获得白术-肉苁蓉成分及对应的靶点蛋白,借助GeneCards、OMIM等数据库得到便秘相关靶点。将基因整理导入UniProt数据库后利用Venny2.1.0、Cytoscape3.7.2和STRING绘制韦恩图及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并使用CentiScaPe 2.2插件进行分析。再通过DAVID数据库进行生物信息学GO分析及KEGG信号通路富集分析。通过AutodockTools和PyMOL等软件对部分核心靶点与潜在靶点较多的成分进行分子对接验证。将40只小鼠随机分为空白组(6只)和盐酸洛哌丁胺组(34只),分别用蒸馏水和10.0 mg·kg^(-1)盐酸洛哌丁胺灌胃。造模成功后,将30只便秘小鼠均分为模型组、阳性对照组和高、中、低剂量药物组。空白组和模型组蒸馏水灌胃,阳性对照组10.0 mg·kg^(-1)枸橼酸莫沙必利灌胃,高、中、低剂量药物组分别灌胃4.8、2.4、1.2 g·kg^(-1)的白术-肉苁蓉混悬液治疗,每日1次,持续7 d。7 d后进行排便和小肠运动试验。结果发现,PTGS 2为连接度最高的靶点基因,共筛选出AKT1、TNF和IL-6等19个白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的核心靶点,KEGG富集分析表明,脂质和动脉粥样硬化及乙型肝炎等通路较为关键。分子对接结果显示,白术-肉苁蓉潜在靶点较多的成分与便秘核心靶点结合较好。动物试验表明,与模型组比较,中、高剂量药物组首粒黑便时间显著缩短,小肠推进率显著增高。综上,白术-肉苁蓉可改善慢传输型便秘,多种活性成分可能通过PTGS2、AKT1、TNF和IL-6等关键靶点,调节多条信号通路治疗便秘。

白术多糖提取分离工艺研究

目的优选白术多糖的提取分离工艺。方法比较氯仿-正丁醇Sevage法去蛋白与不去蛋白白术多糖含量。以吸附率和解吸率为考察指标,优选AB-8型、D101型、LX-38型3种大孔吸附树脂。通过吸附时间、解吸时间、上样流速、上样浓度、洗脱剂用量、洗脱剂浓度和洗脱流速研究AB-8型大孔树脂纯化白术多糖工艺。结果未去蛋白的多糖含量为(5.582±1.4480)%、(5.407±0.7668)%、(5.155±0.7214)%,Sevage法去蛋白后的多糖含量为(4.658±0.1558)%、(4.247±0.0742)%、(4.610±0.1734)%。AB-8型大孔树脂较其他两种树脂,其吸附率及解吸率可达(18.40±0.0300)%,(91.73±0.0781)%,纯化工艺为吸附时间3 h、解吸时间3 h、上样流速1 BV/h、上样浓度0.75 mg/mL、洗脱剂用量4 BV、洗脱剂浓度15%乙醇、洗脱流速3 BV/h。结论本试验为白术多糖的提取分离提供了试验依据,为白术多糖的工业化生产提供了参考。

白术多糖对脂多糖处理下雏鹅十二指肠肠道屏障功能的调节作用

本试验旨在探索白术多糖(PAMK)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的雏鹅十二指肠肠道屏障损伤的调节作用。将240只1日龄雏鹅随机分为4组(对照组、PAMK组、LPS组、PAMK+LPS组),每组6个重复,每个重复10只雏鹅。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,PAMK组和PAMK+LPS组饲喂含有400 mg/kg PAMK的基础饲粮。对照组和PAMK组于21日龄时腹腔注射0.5 mL生理盐水,LPS组和PAMK+LPS组腹腔注射5 mg/kg BW的LPS注射液。腹腔注射后12 h采集雏鹅的血清、十二指肠样品。通过检测肠绒毛形态、血清D-乳酸含量、血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、十二指肠紧密连接和黏附连接相关指标来评估肠道机械屏障功能;通过检测十二指肠杯状细胞数量和黏蛋白相关指标评估肠道化学屏障功能;通过检测十二指肠炎症通路和炎性细胞因子相关指标评估肠道免疫屏障功能。结果显示:与对照组相比,PAMK组十二指肠的绒毛高度、绒隐比、隐窝深度均无显著变化(P>0.05);血清中D-乳酸含量和DAO活性无显著变化(P>0.05);十二指肠组织中闭合蛋白(Occludin)、闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)、闭锁小带蛋白-2(ZO-2)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、α-连环蛋白(α-catenin)、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、连接黏附分子(JAM)、肌球蛋白轻链激酶(MLCK)的基因相对表达量无显著变化(P>0.05);十二指肠的杯状细胞数量无显著变化(P>0.05);十二指肠组织中黏蛋白-1(MUC-1)和黏蛋白-2(MUC-2)的基因相对表达量无显著变化(P>0.05);十二指肠组织中Toll样受体4(TLR4)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)、半胱天冬酶-1(Caspase-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)基因相对表达量和TLR4、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、NLRP3、Caspase-1的蛋白表达水平无显著变化(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,LPS显著降低了十二指肠的绒毛高度和绒隐比(P<0.05),并显著增加了隐窝深度(P<0.05);显著增加了血清中DAO活性(P<0.05);显著降低了十二指肠组织中β-catenin、JAM的基因相对表达量(P<0.05);显著减少了十二指肠的杯状细胞数量(P<0.05);显著降低了十二指肠组织中MUC-2基因相对表达量(P<0.05);显著提高了十二指肠组织中TLR4、NLRP3、Caspase-1、TNF-α、IL-6的基因相对表达量和MyD88、Caspase-1的蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,PAMK显著增加了LPS处理下十二指肠的绒毛高度(P<0.05),显著减少了隐窝深度(P<0.05),显著增加了绒隐比(P<0.05);显著减少血清中D-乳酸含量(P<0.05);显著增加十二指肠组织中Occludin、β-catenin、JAM基因相对表达量(P<0.05);显著增加了LPS处理下十二指肠中的杯状细胞数量(P<0.05);显著增加了十二指肠组织中MUC-2的基因相对表达量(P<0.05);显著降低了LPS处理下十二指肠组织中TLR4、NLRP3、Caspase-1、TNF-α、IL-6基因相对表达量和MyD88、Caspase-1的蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,LPS可以破坏雏鹅十二指肠肠道的屏障功能,PAMK具有缓解LPS造成的十二指肠肠道屏障损伤的作用。

白术根腐病病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性及植物源农药筛选

【目的】明确河南信阳地区白术根腐病病原菌种属,研究其生物学特性并筛选可用于防控其病原菌的植物源农药。【方法】从种植区采集病株,室内分离病原菌并纯化,利用形态学和多基因联合分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并对病原菌的生物学特性进行研究,利用菌丝生长速率法评价3种植物源杀菌剂对其菌落的抑制作用。【结果】该病原菌菌丝白色,孢子呈卵圆形,两端稍尖,大型分生孢子3~5隔,大小为(7~10)μm×(3~4)μm,小型分生孢子2隔或无格,大小为(3~5)μm×(1~2)μm,多基因联合分析表明该病原菌与藤仓镰刀菌(Fusarium fujikuroi)同源性高,结合形态学特征与分子生物学分析,将信阳白术根腐病病原菌鉴定为藤仓镰刀菌(Fusarium fujikuroi),这是藤仓镰刀菌引起白术根腐病的首次报道。生物学特性研究显示,该病原菌最适培养条件为温度28℃、pH为7,最适生长碳源为蔗糖,最适生长氮源为硝酸钾。3种植物源杀菌剂中,0.3%丁子香酚可溶液剂的EC50为6.906 mg·L^(-1),高于其他供试药剂,对病原菌的毒力最强。【结论】河南信阳地区白术根腐病病原菌为藤仓镰刀菌,该研究结果为信阳地区白术根腐病科学防控提供了依据。

基于液质联用-模式识别方法的不同产地白术和於术的成分分析

目的对不同产地白术和於术的化学成分进行比较分析,鉴定差异成分,为白术和於术药材的质量评价和道地性研究提供依据。方法以ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C_(18) Analytica(l 4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以乙腈为流动相B,水为流动相C,洗脱梯度;柱温35℃;流速为1 ml/min;并采用UPLC-Triple-TOF 6600+飞行时间液质联用仪,正负离子扫描模式。结合化学模式识别聚类分析、主成分分析和偏最小二乘判别分析寻找不同产地白术和於术的差异性成分。结果不同产地白术和於术的化学成分存在明显差异,共鉴定出5个差异成分,分别为白术内酯Ⅰ、Atractylmacrol D、Isoasterolide A、白术内酯Ⅱ和白术内酯Ⅲ。浙白术的5个差异成分含量显著高于其他产地白术;於术中的Atractylmacrol D、Isoasterolide A、白术内酯Ⅱ和白术内酯Ⅲ成分含量高于各产地白术。结论不同产地白术和於术的化学成分有所差异,具有较明显的产地特异性,於术的有效成分含量优于白术,浙白术的有效成分含量优于其他产地白术。本研究为评价白术和於术的质量和道地性提供了科学参考。

白术多糖通过花生四烯酸代谢通路缓解环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠肾损伤

本研究旨在探讨白术多糖(PAMK)对环磷酰胺(CTX)诱导的小鼠肾脏损伤的影响及潜在的作用机制。选用100只42~43日龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为四组,白术多糖(PAMK)组和白术多糖+环磷酰胺(PAMK+CTX)组灌胃200 mg/kg PAMK,1次/d;对照(Control)组和环磷酰胺(CTX)组给予等量的生理盐水。实验第25~27 d,CTX组和PAMK+CTX组腹腔注射100 mg/kg CTX,1次/d;Control组和PAMK组注射等量生理盐水。实验第35 d采集肾脏进行组织学观察,氧化应激检测和转录组测序。结果显示,与CTX组相比,PAMK+CTX组肾脏损伤有所缓解;肾脏中丙二醛量显著下降(P<0.05)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和总抗氧化能力显著升高(P<0.05)。为了进一步探究PAMK缓解CTX诱导肾损伤的调控机制,本实验进行了肾脏转录组测序。结果显示,在Control组vs CTX组和CTX组vs PAMK+CTX组分别鉴定到493个和333个差异表达基因(DEGs)。两组DEGs功能富集分析结果发现DEGs富集在花生四烯酸代谢等信号通路。花生四烯酸通路相关基因检测结果显示,与Control组相比,CTX组Cyp2b9、PTGS1、NF-κB和Mfsd2a mRNA表达量显著升高(P<0.05);与CTX组相比,PAMK+CTX组Cyp2c65、BCL6 mRNA表达量显著升高(P<0.05),Cyp2b9、PTGS1和Mfsd2a mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,PAMK可能通过花生四烯酸代谢通路缓解小鼠肾脏氧化应激,从而降低CTX诱导的小鼠肾脏损伤。

炒制加工对白术籽蛋白氨基酸营养价值及挥发性成分的影响

通过对白术籽蛋白质氨基酸营养价值和挥发性成分及其炒制前后的变化研究,为白术药材资源综合利用提供理论支持。利用全自动氨基酸分析仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分别对炒制前后白术籽的可溶性蛋白、氨基酸、挥发性成分进行测定,通过NIST谱库检索对目标化合物进行解析。白术籽中氨基酸种类齐全,生品和炒制品均含有17种氨基酸,总量分别为5.29%和5.90%;甜味和鲜味氨基酸总量与苦味氨基酸总量的比值为1.98和1.95。蛋白质营养价值高,其中必需氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值、必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量比值都与理想蛋白标准相接近,必需氨基酸比值系数分别为80.41和77.76,必需氨基酸指数均接近于1。挥发性香气成分丰富,40个挥发性成分包括共有成分12个,生品和炒制品的特有成分各为15个和37个;以萜类化合物为主,以D-柠檬烯为代表的单萜类化合物占比较大。炒制可增加白术籽中药效氨基酸、必需氨基酸以及具有呈味能力的鲜味氨基酸含量,进而提高蛋白质营养价值,促使挥发性成分的类别和数量更加丰富。作为白术药材非药用部位,白术籽生品和炒制品均具有较高的食用价值,炒制加工可进一步改善口感和提升风味;本文研究可为白术非药用部位的资源化利用及高附加值产品创造提供理论依据。