Reproducibility of Test-Retest Cortical Evoked Responses in Patients with Focal Epilepsy

This exploratory study examined the short-term reliability of cortical auditory evoked responses recorded from patients undergoing whole-head scalp elec-troencephalography (EEG) monitoring to assess their candidacy for surgical treatment of intractable focal seizures. Participants were 26 patients with either left-sided (N = 13) or right-sided focal epilepsy admitted to the hospital for continuous scalp EEG monitoring for possible epilepsy surgery planning. Cortical auditory evoked responses were recorded over multiple days from scalp EEG electrodes using tones presented binaurally in a passive oddball paradigm. Test-retest intervals were 1 - 6 days (mean 2 days). Test-retest reproducibility of the auditory N1 response was assessed by paired t-test (latency) and cross-correlation analysis (amplitude and latency). Within-patient comparisons of test-retest auditory N1 peak latencies revealed no significant differences. The cross-correlation coefficient indicated high test-retest reproducibility of the N1 waveform (rcc = 0.88). Seizure lateralization was not associated with asymmetries in N1 latencies or amplitudes. An N1 amplitude asymmetry (right > left) in patients with focal seizures originating from the left hemisphere was initially observed, but disappeared when patients with prior resections were excluded, suggesting that reduced left hemisphere tissue volume may account for the smaller N1 amplitudes. Test-retest reliability of cortical auditory evoked responses was unexpectedly high in patients with focal epilepsy regardless of seizure lateralization or localization. These findings challenge the view that neural responses are intrinsically unstable (unreliable) in patients with seizures.

The Auditory Brainstem and Middle Latency Responses in Healthy Mice

The auditory brainstern responses(ABR)and middle latency responses(MLR)were recorded in 24 normal mice with a 7S11A processor,and the normalparameters of ABR and MLR obtained.The results showed that the ABR of mice werecomposed of 6 waves,waves Ⅰ to Ⅵ.The mean threshold was 35.12±8.03 dB ,whichwas significantly different from the 22.63 dB of ABR found in guinea pigs.Thelatency of ABR waves Ⅰ to Ⅵizn the mice was found to be 1.30±8.03 ms ;2.02±0.24ms ;2.90±0.27 ms ;3.80±0.24 ms ;4.87±0.42 ms and 5.83±0.40 ms respectively.Nosex or strain differences were found.The MLR waveform of the mice were similar tothose of human and the latency was found to be P0 3.94±1.76 ms;P8.38±1.57ms;Na 14.98±2.54 ms;Pa 24.56±3.15 ms rcspectively.It is suggested that mice can beused for hearing research.Since the Na and Pa waves of MLR were unstable under anes-thesia,testing conditions for determining MLR in mice need further study.

AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSES IN SENILE PRESBYCUSIS PATIENTS OVER 90 YEARS

Objective To analyze the characteristics of auditory brainstem response (ABR) in presbycusis patients el-der than 90 years. Methods Fourteen presbycusis patients elder than 90 years (presbycusis group, 91.1.4 ± 1.3 years, 26 ears) and 9 normal-hearing young adults (control group, 22.7 ± 1.2 years, 18 ears) participated in the study. Alternative click-evoked ABRs were recorded in both groups. The peak latency (PL) of peak I,Ⅲ, and V, and the inter-peak latency (IPI) of I-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-V, and I-V were compared between groups. Results In elder presbycusis patients, the occurrence rate of peak I andⅢwere both 76.9%, and that of peak V was 84.6%. In presbycusis group, the peak latencies of I, Ⅲ, V were significantly longer than that of control group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in the IPI of peak I-IⅢ (P=0.298, peakⅢ-V (P=0.254) and peak I-V (P=0.364). Conclusions Auditory brainstem responses in presbycusis pa-tients elder than 90 years showed worse wave differentiation.

Effects of glutamate on distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses in guinea pigs

Objectives To investigate changes in evoked potentials and structure of the guinea pig cochleae during whole cochlear perfusion with glutamate. Methods CM, CAP, DPOAE, and ABR were recorded as indicators of cochlear functions during whole cochlear perfusion. The morphology of the cochlea was studied via transmission electron microscopy. Results There were no significant changes in DPOAE amplitude before and after glutamate perfusion. CM I/O function remained nonlinear during perfusion. ABR latencies were delayed following glutamate perfusion. The average CAP threshold was elevated 35 dB SPL following glutamate perfusion.. The OHCs appeared normal, but the IHCs and afferent dendrites showed cytoplasmic blebs after glutamate perfusion. Conclusions While being a primary amino acid neurotransmitter at the synapses between hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, excessive glutamate is neurotoxic and can destroy IHCs and spiral ganglion neurons. The technique used in this study can also be used to build an animal model of auditory neuropathy.

The characterization of auditory brainstem response(ABR) waveforms: A study in tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)

To characterize the patterns of ABR waves in tree shrews, we must understand the hearing sensitivity and auditory function of healthy adult tree shrews. Fifteen tree shrews(30 ears) were stimulated with clicks and tone-pips at 11 different frequencies from 1 to 60 kHz. The ABR waves were recorded and analyzed. The ABR consisted of five to seven positive waves in the first 10 ms after a click stimulus, and the average hearing threshold of component III was 27.86 ± 3.78 dB SPL. Wave III was the largest and most clear. The ABR threshold was related to the tone-pip sitmulus by a "U" shaped curve. The sensitive frequency was approximately 8 kHz in tree shrews. The latencies systematically decreased with increasing stimulus frequencies. The ABR amplitudes of wave III increased as the sound pressure level increased. All of these results provide an empirical basis for future studies of hearing diseases in tree shrews.

40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response to Linguistic Features of Stimuli during Auditory Hallucinations

The auditory steady state response （ASSR） may reflect activity from different regions of the brain, depending on the modulation frequency used. In general, responses induced by low rates （_〈40 Hz） emanate mostly from central structures of the brain, and responses from high rates （〉80 Hz） emanate mostly from the peripheral auditory nerve or brainstem structures. Besides, it was reported that the gamma band ASSR （30-90 Hz） played an important role in working memory, speech understanding and recognition. This paper investigated the 40 Hz ASSR evoked by modulated speech and reversed speech. The speech was Chinese phrase voice, and the noise-like reversed speech was obtained by temporally reversing the speech. Both auditory stimuli were modulated with a frequency of 40 Hz. Ten healthy subjects and 5 patients with hallucination symptom participated in the experiment. Results showed re- duction in left auditory cortex response when healthy subjects listened to the reversed speech compared with the speech. In contrast, when the patients who experienced auditory hallucinations listened to the reversed speech, the auditory cortex of left hemispheric responded more actively. The ASSR results were consistent with the behavior results of patients. Therefore, the gamma band ASSR is expected to be helpful for rapid and objective diagnosis of hallucination in clinic.

Analysis of Time and Frequency Domain of Auditory Brainstem Response in Normal Guinea Pigs

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured for 90 cars of norml gui-nea pigs,from which the mean latency,amplitude and recognition of waves were obtain-ded.The waves were classified into six types,with wave Ⅲ as the main wave which ac-counted for 77.1% of all the waves.The frequency domain of each type was analysed bymeans of digital filtering and auto-regressive (AR)estimation.The main frequency com-position of ABR in the guinea pigs was restricted within 1600 Hz,in which there werethree peaks at AR spectrum,the mean value of the peaks being 107.33 Hz,566.67 Hzand 1076 Hz respectively.The AR spectrograms of all types waves were very similar toeach other.

Inflammatory responses to Hydroxyapatite implants in middle ear in rats

Objective To study local inflammatory response after implantation of hydroxyapatite synthetic ossicular prosthesis. Methods Hydroxyapatite granules were implanted in the bulla in 32 rats. Sham surgical procedures were performed in 10 rats as the control. Animals were sacrificed at 1 to 300 days after surgery. Bulla sections, stained with HE and Mallory’s azan, were examined for numbers and percentages of various inflammatory cell types. Results Slightly more inflammatory reaction was seen in animals with the implant than in the controls, mostly during the early stage following the implantation procedure. Few inflammatory cells were observed at later times. There were satisfactory fibrosis in both implanted and control ears. Conclusion The results indicate that hydroxyapatite synthetic prosthesis is a biocompatible implantation material in the middle ear. Nonetheless, the presence of inflammatory reaction immediately following implantation implies that control of infection is important in the early times after the implantation procedure.

Analysis of the variability of auditory brainstem response components through linear regression

The analysis of the Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is of fundamental importance to the investigation of the auditory system behavior, though its interpretation has a subjective nature because of the manual process employed in its study and the clinical experience required for its analysis. When analyzing the ABR, clinicians are often interested in the identification of ABR signal components referred to as Jewett waves. In particular, the detection and study of the time when these waves occur (i.e., the wave latency) is a practical tool for the diagnosis of disorders affecting the auditory system. In this context, the aim of this research is to compare ABR manual/visual analysis provided by different examiners. Methods: The ABR data were collected from 10 normal-hearing subjects (5 men and 5 women, from 20 to 52 years). A total of 160 data samples were analyzed and a pair- wise comparison between four distinct examiners was executed. We carried out a statistical study aiming to identify significant differences between assessments provided by the examiners. For this, we used Linear Regression in conjunction with Bootstrap, as a method for evaluating the relation between the responses given by the examiners. Results: The analysis suggests agreement among examiners however reveals differences between assessments of the variability of the waves. We quantified the magnitude of the obtained wave latency differences and 18% of the investigated waves presented substantial differences (large and moderate) and of these 3.79% were considered not acceptable for the clinical practice. Conclusions: Our results characterize the variability of the manual analysis of ABR data and the necessity of establishing unified standards and protocols for the analysis of these data. These results may also contribute to the validation and development of automatic systems that are employed in the early diagnosis of hearing loss.

Auditory steady-state evoked response in diagnosing and evaluating hearing in infants

BACKGROUND: Auditory steady-state evoked response (ASSR) is one of the new objective electrophysiological methods to test hearing in infants. It can provide a reliable and complete audiogram with specific frequency to help the hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation of hearing and languaging following auditory screening. OBJECTIVE: To compare the response threshold of ASSR with auditory threshold of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) in infants failed in the hearing screening for investigating their hearing loss. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTINGS: Maternal and child health care hospitals of Guangdong province, Shunde city, Nanhai city and Huadu district. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 321 infants of 0-3 years undergoing ASSR test were selected from the Hearing Center of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2002 to December 2004. Informed consents were obtained from their guardians. There were 193 cases (60.2%) of 0-6 months, 31 cases (9.7%) of 7-12 months, 17 cases (5.3%) of 13-18 months, 14 cases (4.4%) of 19-24 months, 33 cases of 25-30 months, and 33 cases (10.2%) of 31-36 months. METHODS: ① The 321 infants failed in the hearing screening were tested under sleeping status, the ranges of response threshold distribution in ASSR of different frequencies were analyzed in each age group. ② The infants above 2 years old were also tested with VRA, and their response thresholds were compared between VRA and ASSR. ③ Evaluative standards: The response threshold was < 30 dB for normal hearing, 31-50 dB for mild hearing loss, 51-70 dB for moderate hearing loss, 71-90 dB for severe hearing loss, and > 91 dB for extremely severe hearing loss. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① ASSR results of the infants failed in the screening; ② Proportion of cases of each response threshold in each age group; ③ Comparison of ASSR response thresholds and VRA auditory thresholds in the infants of 2-3 years old. RESULTS: ①The response threshold was < 30 dB in 47.4% of the 321 infants failed in the initial hearing screening and secondary screening after 42 days. ② Severe to extremely severe hearing loss was detected in only 16 cases (8.3%) of the 193 infants of 0-6 months, in 9 cases (27.3%) of the 33 infants of 25-30 months, and 13 cases (39.4%) of the 33 infants of 31-36 months. Of the 193 infants of 0-6 months old who failed in the initial screening and the second screening after 42 days, the ASSR auditory threshold was < 30 dB in 97 cases (50.26%), 31-50 dB in 63 cases (32.6%), 51-70 dB in 17 cases (8.8%), 71-90 dB in 7 cases (3.6%), and > 91 dB in 9 cases (4.7%). ③ Among the 321 infants failed in the screening, the auditory threshold in the 6 age groups was < 30 dB in 47.4%, 31-50 dB in 27.1%, 51-70 dB in 8.4%, 71-90 dB in 6.2%, and > 91 dB in 10.9%. ④ The difference between ASSR response threshold and VRA auditory thresholds was 6-18 dB in the normal hearing group, mild and moderate hearing loss groups, and there was high correlation between them. The difference of ASSR and VRA thresholds was less than 5 dB between extremely severe and severe hearing loss groups, 5-13 dB between extremely severe and moderate-to-severe hearing loss groups (P < 0.05), and there was no significant differences between severe and moderate-to-severe hearing loss groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: ① The hearing was normal in about half of the infants, although they failed in the primary screening and secondary screening. ② The proportion of the severity of hearing loss was increased along with aging. ③ Mild and moderate hearing losses are dominant in infants. ④ ASSR is reliable to evaluate the hearing of infants.

多种听力学检测方法在未引出听性脑干反应患儿诊断中的价值

目的探讨多种听力学检测方法在听性脑干反应(ABR)最大输出未引出患儿的听力学诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析69例(138耳)ABR最大强度未引出患儿的临床资料,年龄42天到5岁,平均1岁6个月,鼓室导抗图均为A型或正向单峰,声反射均未引出,影像学检查内耳无畸形。69例患儿均进行ABR、耳蜗微音电位(CM)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)和听性稳态反应(ASSR)测试。结果69例138耳中,8例16耳(11.59%)记录到CM,其中10耳(7.25%)记录到DPOAE,0.5、1、2、4 kHz ASSR反应阈值分别为83.2±13.1、82.9±13.0、75.3±12.4、63.1±9.1 dB nHL,结合其他检查结果诊断为听神经病。余61例(122耳)CM和DPOAE均未引出,0.5、1、2、4 kHz的ASSR引出率分别为82.3%、81.9%、76.9%、60.2%,其中20耳ASSR各频率均未引出,102耳至少一个频率引出,0.5、1、2、4 kHz ASSR反应阈分别为93.2±6.1、99.8±7.0、105.4±5.4、108.2±9.8 dB nHL,诊断为极重度感音神经性聋。结论对于ABR最大输出强度未引出的患儿,CM和/或DPOAE引出且ASSR各频率反应阈低于感音神经性聋患儿,有助于听神经病的诊断;CM和DPOAE均未引出有助于极重度感音神经性聋的诊断,ASSR测试有助于评估其残余听力。

成人CE-Chirp ABR反应阈与纯音听阈相关分析与比较

目的 采用听神经同步专利刺激声(CE-Chirp声)对成人听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)进行测试,分析CE-Chirp ABR测试的V波反应阈与纯音听阈的关系,研究CE-Chirp声在法医学鉴定听觉功能障碍评估中的作用。方法 选择常州市德安医院2018年1月—2019年6月进行CE-Chirp ABR测试的受试者(年龄为20~77周岁,共计100耳),获得V波反应阈值,并在0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz分别进行纯音气导听阈测试,获得纯音听阈值,按照不同听力水平及不同年龄对受试者进行分组。比较不同听力水平及不同年龄组平均纯音听阈与V波反应阈之间的差值及统计学差异;对所有受试者各频率两种方法之间的相关性、差值及统计学差异进行分析;建立所有受试者CE-Chirp ABR V波反应阈推断纯音听阈的线性回归方程,并检验其推断纯音听阈的可行性。结果 不同听力水平及不同年龄组各组之间CE-Chirp ABR反应阈与纯音听阈差值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各频率成人CE-Chirp ABR V波反应阈与纯音听阈之间相关性良好,两者之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),线性回归分析显示两者之间有线性相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 运用CE-Chirp ABR Ⅴ波反应阈在一定条件下能够评估受试者的纯音听阈,可以作为一种听力学测试方法用于法医学听觉障碍评估。

正常听力青年人不同刺激声下的听性脑干反应与纯音听阈测定的相关性

目的:对青年人进行纯音听阈(PTA)、短声听性脑干反应(Click-ABR)和CE-Chirp刺激声听性脑干反应(CE-Chirp-ABR)测试,分析在不同声刺激声下的听性脑干反应与PTA均值之间的关系。方法:选择30名(60耳)青年人,记录双耳0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz下PTA、Click-ABR和CE-Chirp-ABR的反应阈,分析Click-ABR和CE-Chirp-ABR反应阈与PTA均值之间的关系。结果:Click-ABR与PTA均值呈正相关(r=0.421,P<0.001);CE-Chirp-ABR的1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz与PTA均值均呈正相关(r值分别为0.312,0.359,0.390,均P<0.05),而在0.5 kHz时相关性无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在低频(1.0 kHz)处,CE-Chirp-ABR比Click-ABR更具临床应用价值,而在更低频(0.5 kHz)的应用效果还需进一步研究。

听力正常孤独症谱系障碍儿童的听性脑干反应波形特征分析

目的 探究听力正常孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)儿童的听性脑干反应(ABR)特征及各波潜伏期和波间期与ASD严重程度分级的关系。方法 (1)将55例(110耳)听力正常ASD儿童和月龄、性别相匹配的55例(110耳)典型发育(typical development,TD)儿童,按月龄分为≤24月龄(22耳)、25~36月龄(40耳)、37~48月龄(28耳)及>48月龄(20耳)四个亚组。比较听力正常ASD儿童与TD儿童的ABR潜伏期和波间期是否存在差异。(2)根据第五版精神障碍诊断与统计手册(DSM-V)将ASD儿童按照严重程度分级,探究听力正常ASD儿童ABR各波潜伏期和波间期与其严重程度分级是否相关。结果 (1)≤24月龄时,ASD与TD儿童ABR各波潜伏期及波间期差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)25~36月龄时,与TD儿童相比,听力正常ASD儿童波Ⅲ潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期显著延长;37~48月龄时波Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期显著延长;>48月龄时波Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期显著延长(P<0.05);(3)ASD严重程度分级越高,ASD儿童波Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期越长(P<0.05)。结论 自25月龄起听力正常ASD儿童与TD儿童的听觉脑干通路发育水平便显现差异,听力正常ASD儿童的听觉脑干发育水平显著落后于同龄TD儿童。听力正常ASD儿童的ABR波潜伏期和波间期与其严重程度分级相关。

平均听阈正常的听神经瘤患者临床及听力学特征分析

目的 分析平均听阈正常(PTA≤25 dB HL)的单侧听神经瘤患者的临床特征及听力学特征,为听神经瘤早期筛查及诊断提供参考。方法 选取平均听阈正常的单侧听神经瘤患者32例(32耳)作为试验组,选取与年龄、性别相匹配的平均听阈正常的耳鸣患者20例(32耳)作为对照组,试验组和对照组均在符合国家标准的隔声室行纯音测听、声导抗、听性脑干反应、畸变产物耳声发射检查,回顾性分析两组临床及听力学特征。结果 单纯耳鸣、耳鸣伴反复发作且可治愈的突发性听力下降为平均听阈正常听神经瘤患者常见的首发症状,占50.00%,多见于30~40岁人群。试验组听性脑干反应异常率为75.00%(24/32),畸变产物耳声反射异常率为78.12%(25/32),患耳的同侧镫骨肌声反射和健耳的交叉声反射异常率分别为28.13%、56.25%,健耳的同侧镫骨肌声反射和患耳的交叉声反射异常率分别为6.25%、62.50%。通过对比分析试验组和对照组听力学特征,两组听性脑干反应的波Ⅲ、波Ⅴ潜伏期、波Ⅰ-波Ⅲ波间期、波Ⅰ-波Ⅴ波间期,患耳的交叉声反射和健耳的交叉声反射(0.5、1、2、4 kHz)、患耳的同侧声反射(2 kHz),均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),两组间畸变产物耳声反射异常率未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 听性脑干反应及镫骨肌声反射检测有助于听神经瘤早期诊断,DPOAE是敏感性高但特异性差的检测指标。对门诊平均听阈正常的单侧耳鸣,或伴有反复发作的、可治愈的突发性听力下降患者,建议联合应用听性脑干反应、镫骨肌声反射、畸变产物耳声发射综合评估,为听神经瘤的早期诊断提供依据。

万古霉素对新生儿细菌性感染疾病的疗效及不良反应相关指标的评价

目的探索万古霉素对不同孕周新生儿细菌性感染的疗效和肾功能、听力损伤情况。方法回顾性收集2020年1月—2023年12月遂宁市中心医院新生儿科使用万古霉素新生儿41例,根据胎龄分为早产儿组(胎龄28~36周,n=23)和足月儿组(胎龄37~42周,n=18),比较2组有效率,治疗前后肾功能和听力损害情况。结果2组新生儿病原学检查送检率100.0%,早产儿组有效率(86.96%)与足月儿组有效率(94.99%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组万古霉素谷浓度[分别为(12.30±6.30)μg·mL^(-1)和(9.88±5.87)μg·mL^(-1)]比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);用药后两组血肌酐(Scr)和血尿素氮(BUN)均升高,早产儿组血Scr浓度[(43.02±18.98)μmol·L^(-1)]高于足月儿组[(32.45±10.64)μmol·L^(-1)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);早产儿组听力损害发生率(13.04%)与足月儿组(16.67%)差异无统计学意义,随访期其余新生儿听力无异常。结论万古霉素治疗早产儿和足月儿的有效率差异无统计学意义,对早产儿Scr影响更大,建议早产儿密切监测肾功能指标。

不同性别听力正常青年短声诱发的同侧及对侧听性脑干反应研究

目的探讨听力正常青年短声诱发同侧及对侧听性脑干反应(ABR)的特征,及性别和记录耳侧别(同侧和对侧)ABR的差异。方法对88例(176耳)18~21岁听力正常青年,在70 dB nHL强度下进行同侧及对侧ABR测试,计录同侧波Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ和Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期,对侧波Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期及Ⅲ-Ⅴ波间期,使用方差分析探究性别间差异和同对侧记录差异。结果男性波Ⅲ、Ⅴ潜伏期和Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波间期长于女性(F=13.13~60.82,P<0.001);同侧耳记录的波Ⅲ潜伏期长于对侧记录,波Ⅴ潜伏期和Ⅲ-Ⅴ波间期短于对侧记录(F=22.43~76.18,P<0.001)。结论本研究建立了不同性别听力正常青年在70 dB nHL刺激强度下的同侧及对侧ABR的正常参考值,不同性别和记录耳侧别(同侧和对侧)的ABR波潜伏期和波间期有差异。

模拟长期微重力对大鼠耳蜗基底膜p120-catenin表达的影响

目的观察模拟长期微重力对大鼠听功能的影响,探讨耳蜗黏附连接蛋白p120-catenin(p120ctn)在耳蜗基底膜表达情况及模拟微重力对其产生的影响。方法选取健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为模拟微重力组和对照组,每组24只;模拟微重力组和对照组又根据暴露时间分别随机分为1 d、1周、8周、12周组,每组6只12耳。在暴露前(B0)、暴露结束后即刻(P0)进行双耳畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emission,DPOAE)和听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)阈值检测,并于P0测听结束后处死每组大鼠并分离双侧耳蜗,进行免疫组化染色。结果各组DPOAE引出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),ABR阈值随暴露时间的增加而升高,模拟微重力1周组、模拟微重力8周组、模拟微重力12周组P0时ABR阈值较B0时升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模拟微重力8周组、模拟微重力12周组基底膜上p120ctn阳性表达较对照组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论模拟微重力会导致大鼠听功能损伤,耳蜗基底膜上p120ctn表达随暴露时间的延长而增加,中长期微重力导致听功能下降可能与基底膜p120ctn的表达增加有关。

职业噪声暴露听力正常人耳蜗突触损伤的研究

目的探究职业噪声暴露下的不同听力学检查方法,对发现常频听力正常人群耳蜗突触损伤的临床意义,为噪声性耳蜗突触病变的研究提供参考。方法选取2021年4月—2022年4月浙江中医药大学健康体检者104例(104耳)为研究对象,按照噪音强度分为接噪组和对照组,每组52例。接噪组接受高强度噪声暴露,对照组接受非噪声暴露,采用纯音测听、噪声下言语测听、畸变产物耳声发射、言语声诱发听性脑干反应4种听力学测试,分析两组各测试结果差异和测试间的相关性。结果对照组在9~16 kHz纯音听阈显著好于接噪组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);接噪组噪声下言语测听信噪比损失显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组畸变产物耳声发射在4~10 kHz比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组言语诱发听性脑干反应V、A、O波潜伏期比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),V/A斜率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组快速傅里叶变换F1幅值显著高于接噪组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PTAEHF和D波潜伏期与DPmean呈负相关,除了E波其余各波潜伏期均与V/A斜率负相关。结论职业噪声暴露导致可能的耳蜗突触损伤表现为PTAEHF升高,畸变产物耳声发射信噪比下降,噪声下言语识别能力的下降和言语诱发听性脑干反应潜伏期的延迟,联合测试可以提高发现的准确性并及时干预。

Universal newborn hearing screening program in Saudi Arabia: Current insight

Newborn hearing screening(NHS) programs are essential to identify hearing loss early in life and to improve outcomes in children. In Saudi Arabia, the national NHS program has been operational since 2016;however, few studies have evaluated its status, and none have covered all provinces across the country. This cross-sectional retrospective study provides an overview of the program's status across all provinces, focusing on screening coverage rates, referral/fail rates, and follow-up procedures. In 2021, 199,034 newborns were screened, with a coverage rate of 92.6% and an overall referral/fail rate of 1.87%. These performance measures provide a foundation for future progress and improvements. This study highlights the importance of ongoing efforts to enhance the program's effectiveness and sustainability.