L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled pro...L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.展开更多
Purpose:The main objective of this work is to show the potentialities of recently developed approaches for automatic knowledge extraction directly from the universities’websites.The information automatically extracte...Purpose:The main objective of this work is to show the potentialities of recently developed approaches for automatic knowledge extraction directly from the universities’websites.The information automatically extracted can be potentially updated with a frequency higher than once per year,and be safe from manipulations or misinterpretations.Moreover,this approach allows us flexibility in collecting indicators about the efficiency of universities’websites and their effectiveness in disseminating key contents.These new indicators can complement traditional indicators of scientific research(e.g.number of articles and number of citations)and teaching(e.g.number of students and graduates)by introducing further dimensions to allow new insights for“profiling”the analyzed universities.Design/methodology/approach:Webometrics relies on web mining methods and techniques to perform quantitative analyses of the web.This study implements an advanced application of the webometric approach,exploiting all the three categories of web mining:web content mining;web structure mining;web usage mining.The information to compute our indicators has been extracted from the universities’websites by using web scraping and text mining techniques.The scraped information has been stored in a NoSQL DB according to a semistructured form to allow for retrieving information efficiently by text mining techniques.This provides increased flexibility in the design of new indicators,opening the door to new types of analyses.Some data have also been collected by means of batch interrogations of search engines(Bing,www.bing.com)or from a leading provider of Web analytics(SimilarWeb,http://www.similarweb.com).The information extracted from the Web has been combined with the University structural information taken from the European Tertiary Education Register(https://eter.joanneum.at/#/home),a database collecting information on Higher Education Institutions(HEIs)at European level.All the above was used to perform a clusterization of 79 Italian universities based on structural and digital indicators.Findings:The main findings of this study concern the evaluation of the potential in digitalization of universities,in particular by presenting techniques for the automatic extraction of information from the web to build indicators of quality and impact of universities’websites.These indicators can complement traditional indicators and can be used to identify groups of universities with common features using clustering techniques working with the above indicators.Research limitations:The results reported in this study refers to Italian universities only,but the approach could be extended to other university systems abroad.Practical implications:The approach proposed in this study and its illustration on Italian universities show the usefulness of recently introduced automatic data extraction and web scraping approaches and its practical relevance for characterizing and profiling the activities of universities on the basis of their websites.The approach could be applied to other university systems.Originality/value:This work applies for the first time to university websites some recently introduced techniques for automatic knowledge extraction based on web scraping,optical character recognition and nontrivial text mining operations(Bruni&Bianchi,2020).展开更多
A mesh generating system has been developed in orde r to prepare large amounts of input data which are needed for easy implementation of a finite element analysis. This system consists of a Pre-Mesh Generator, an Auto...A mesh generating system has been developed in orde r to prepare large amounts of input data which are needed for easy implementation of a finite element analysis. This system consists of a Pre-Mesh Generator, an Automatic Mesh Generator and a Mesh Modifier. Pre-Mesh Generator produces the shape and sub-block information as input data of Automatic Mesh Generator by c arrying out various image processing with respect to the image information of th e drawing input using scanner. Automatic Mesh Generator generates mesh of trian gular elements in the arbitrarily shaped and multiple connected planar domain by using minimum necessary information. This generator has 3 methods of mesh gene ration for each sub-block, A) Regular Mesh Generation, B) Semi-Regular Mesh Ge neration and C) Irregular Mesh Generation. Any of them can be selected automati cally according to the external form of sub-block or the state of domain. Mesh Modifier projects and modifies the pattern of generated mesh by Automatic Mesh Generator as required. This system simplifies the user’s task while saving manp ower in carrying out the finite element analysis.展开更多
Type WYZ 97 eighteen information noninsulate frequency shift automatic blocking system is the most advanced railroad signaling system in China nowadays.The article introduced its principles,technical targets,features ...Type WYZ 97 eighteen information noninsulate frequency shift automatic blocking system is the most advanced railroad signaling system in China nowadays.The article introduced its principles,technical targets,features and the applications.展开更多
One of the significant health issues affecting women that impacts their fertility and results in serious health concerns is Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).Consequently,timely screening of polycystic ovarian syndrom...One of the significant health issues affecting women that impacts their fertility and results in serious health concerns is Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).Consequently,timely screening of polycystic ovarian syndrome can help in the process of recovery.Finding a method to aid doctors in this procedure was crucial due to the difficulties in detecting this condition.This research aimed to determine whether it is possible to optimize the detection of PCOS utilizing Deep Learning algorithms and methodologies.Additionally,feature selection methods that produce the most important subset of features can speed up calculation and enhance the effectiveness of classifiers.In this research,the tri-stage wrapper method is used because it reduces the computation time.The proposed study for the Automatic diagnosis of PCOS contains preprocessing,data normalization,feature selection,and classification.A dataset with 39 characteristics,including metabolism,neuroimaging,hormones,and biochemical information for 541 subjects,was employed in this scenario.To start,this research pre-processed the information.Next for feature selection,a tri-stage wrapper method such as Mutual Information,ReliefF,Chi-Square,and Xvariance is used.Then,various classification methods are tested and trained.Deep learning techniques including convolutional neural network(CNN),multi-layer perceptron(MLP),Recurrent neural network(RNN),and Bi long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)are utilized for categorization.The experimental finding demonstrates that with effective feature extraction process using tri stage wrapper method+CNN delivers the highest precision(97%),high accuracy(98.67%),and recall(89%)when compared with other machine learning algorithms.展开更多
For the constant distance spacing policy,the existing researches of the string stability focus on the single-predecessor information framework(SPIF) and predecessor-successor information framework(PSIF).The resear...For the constant distance spacing policy,the existing researches of the string stability focus on the single-predecessor information framework(SPIF) and predecessor-successor information framework(PSIF).The research results demonstrated that the string stability could not be guaranteed with the SPIF,and then the PSIF was proposed to resolve this string instability.But the issue,whether the string stability can be guaranteed when applying the PSIF,is still controversial.Meanwhile,most of the previous researches on the string stability were conducted without consideration of the parasitic time delays and lags.In this paper,the practical longitudinal vehicle dynamics model is built with consideration of the parasitic time delays and lags existing in the actuators,sensors or the communication systems.Secondly,the detailed theoretical analysis of string stability in frequency domain is conducted to demonstrate that the classical linear control laws can not ensure the string stability when applying both the symmetrical PSIF(SPSIF) and asymmetrical PSIF(APSIF).Thirdly,a control law,which adds the position and velocity information of the leading vehicle,is proposed to guarantee string stability for small/medium platoon,and the other control law,which adds the acceleration information of the controlled vehicle,is proposed to guarantee string stability for large platoon as well as small/medium platoon.Finally,the comparative simulation is conducted to confirm the conducted analysis and the proposed control laws.The conducted research completes the means to analyze the string stability in frequency domain,provides the parameters' reference for the design and implementation of the practical automatic following controllers,and improves the reliability and stability of the platoon of automatic vehicles.展开更多
Welding arc spectral information is a rising welding information source. In some occasion, it can reflect many physical phenomena of welding process and solve many problems that cannot be done with arc electric inform...Welding arc spectral information is a rising welding information source. In some occasion, it can reflect many physical phenomena of welding process and solve many problems that cannot be done with arc electric information, acoustic information and other arc information. It is of important significance in developing automatic control technique of welding process and other similar process. Many years study work on welding arc spectral information of the anthor are discussed from three aspects of theory, method and application. Basic theory, view and testing methods of welding arc spectral information has been put forward. In application aspects, many applied examples, for example, monitoring of harmful gases in arc (such as hydrogen and nitrogen) with the method of welding arc spectral information; welding arc spectral imaging of the welding pool which is used in automatic seam tracking; controlling of welding droplet transfer with welding arc spectral information and so on, are introduced. Especially, the successful application in real time controlling of welding droplet transfer in pulsed GMAW is introduced too. These application examples show that the welding arc spectral information has great applied significance and development potentialities. These .content will play an important role in applying and spreading welding arc spectral informarion technology.展开更多
The microgrid is a typical cyber-physical microgrid system(CPMS). The physical unconventional distributed generators(DGs) are intermittent and inverter-interfaced which makes them very different to control. The cyber ...The microgrid is a typical cyber-physical microgrid system(CPMS). The physical unconventional distributed generators(DGs) are intermittent and inverter-interfaced which makes them very different to control. The cyber components,such as the embedded computer and communication network,are equipped with DGs, to process and transmit the necessary information for the controllers. In order to ensure system-wide observability, controllability and stabilization for the microgrid,the cyber and physical component need to be integrated. For the physical component of CPMS, the droop-control method is popular as it can be applied in both modes of operation to improve the grid transient performance. Traditional droop control methods have the drawback of the inherent trade-off between power sharing and voltage and frequency regulation. In this paper, the global information(such as the average voltage and the output active power of the microgrid and so on) are acquired distributedly based on multi-agent system(MAS). Based on the global information from cyber components of CPMS, automatic generation control(AGC) and automatic voltage control(AVC)are proposed to deal with the drawback of traditional droop control. Simulation studies in PSCAD demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.展开更多
For reservoirs with complex non-Gaussian geological characteristics,such as carbonate reservoirs or reservoirs with sedimentary facies distribution,it is difficult to implement history matching directly,especially for...For reservoirs with complex non-Gaussian geological characteristics,such as carbonate reservoirs or reservoirs with sedimentary facies distribution,it is difficult to implement history matching directly,especially for the ensemble-based data assimilation methods.In this paper,we propose a multi-source information fused generative adversarial network(MSIGAN)model,which is used for parameterization of the complex geologies.In MSIGAN,various information such as facies distribution,microseismic,and inter-well connectivity,can be integrated to learn the geological features.And two major generative models in deep learning,variational autoencoder(VAE)and generative adversarial network(GAN)are combined in our model.Then the proposed MSIGAN model is integrated into the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation(ESMDA)method to conduct history matching.We tested the proposed method on two reservoir models with fluvial facies.The experimental results show that the proposed MSIGAN model can effectively learn the complex geological features,which can promote the accuracy of history matching.展开更多
Arc spectral information is a rising information source which can solve manyproblems that can not be done with arc electric information and other arc information. It is ofimportant significance to develop automatic co...Arc spectral information is a rising information source which can solve manyproblems that can not be done with arc electric information and other arc information. It is ofimportant significance to develop automatic control technique of welding process. The basic theoryand methods on it play an important role in expounding and applying arc spectral information. Usingconcerned equation in plasma physics and spectrum theory, a system of equations including 12equations which serve as basic theory of arc spectral information is set up. Through analyzing ofthe 12 equations, a basic view that arc spectral information is the reflection of arc state andstate variation, and is the most abundant information resource reflecting welding arc process isdrawn. Furthermore, based on the basic theory, the basic methods of test and control of arc spectralinformation and points out some applications of it are discussesed.展开更多
AIM: To examine the feasibility and validity of electronic generation of quality metrics in the intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS: This minimal risk observational study was performed at an academic tertiary hospital. T...AIM: To examine the feasibility and validity of electronic generation of quality metrics in the intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS: This minimal risk observational study was performed at an academic tertiary hospital. The Critical Care Independent Multidisciplinary Program at Mayo Clinic identified and defined 11 key quality metrics. These metrics were automatically calculated using ICU Data Mart, a near-real time copy of all ICU electronic medical record(EMR) data. The automatic report was compared with data from a comprehensive EMR review by a trained investigator. Data was collected for 93 randomly selected patients admitted to the ICU during April 2012(10% of admitted adult population). This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institution Review Board.RESULTS: All types of variables needed for metric calculations were found to be available for manual and electronic abstraction, except information for availability of free beds for patient-specific time-frames. There was 100% agreement between electronic and manual data abstraction for ICU admission source, admission service, and discharge disposition. The agreement between electronic and manual data abstraction of the time of ICU admission and discharge were 99% and 89%. The time of hospital admission and discharge were similar for both the electronically and manually abstracted datasets. The specificity of the electronically-generated report was 93% and 94% for invasive and non-invasive ventilation use in the ICU. One false-positive result for each type of ventilation was present. The specificity for ICU and in-hospital mortality was 100%. Sensitivity was 100% for all metrics.CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates excellent accuracy of electronically-generated key ICU quality metrics. This validates the feasibility of automatic metric generation.展开更多
文摘L2 reading is not only an important channel for people to obtain information and knowledge,but also the main way for people to learn a foreign language.Reading information processing can be divided into controlled processing and automatic processing.Controlled information processing is a conscious and resource-intensive processing model,while automatic information processing is an unconscious and automatic processing model.This study investigates the characteristics and interactivity of controlled and automatic information processing in L2 reading,and explores the roles of controlled and automatic information processing strategies in improving L2 reading ability.The findings are as follows:(a)controlled and automatic information processing is interactive in L2 reading;and(b)the uses of controlled and automatic information processing strategies are beneficial to the improvement of the reading ability of L2 learners.This study has important theoretical and practical value in improving the efficiency of L2 reading teaching and learning.
基金This work is developed with the support of the H2020 RISIS 2 Project(No.824091)and of the“Sapienza”Research Awards No.RM1161550376E40E of 2016 and RM11916B8853C925 of 2019.This article is a largely extended version of Bianchi et al.(2019)presented at the ISSI 2019 Conference held in Rome,2–5 September 2019.
文摘Purpose:The main objective of this work is to show the potentialities of recently developed approaches for automatic knowledge extraction directly from the universities’websites.The information automatically extracted can be potentially updated with a frequency higher than once per year,and be safe from manipulations or misinterpretations.Moreover,this approach allows us flexibility in collecting indicators about the efficiency of universities’websites and their effectiveness in disseminating key contents.These new indicators can complement traditional indicators of scientific research(e.g.number of articles and number of citations)and teaching(e.g.number of students and graduates)by introducing further dimensions to allow new insights for“profiling”the analyzed universities.Design/methodology/approach:Webometrics relies on web mining methods and techniques to perform quantitative analyses of the web.This study implements an advanced application of the webometric approach,exploiting all the three categories of web mining:web content mining;web structure mining;web usage mining.The information to compute our indicators has been extracted from the universities’websites by using web scraping and text mining techniques.The scraped information has been stored in a NoSQL DB according to a semistructured form to allow for retrieving information efficiently by text mining techniques.This provides increased flexibility in the design of new indicators,opening the door to new types of analyses.Some data have also been collected by means of batch interrogations of search engines(Bing,www.bing.com)or from a leading provider of Web analytics(SimilarWeb,http://www.similarweb.com).The information extracted from the Web has been combined with the University structural information taken from the European Tertiary Education Register(https://eter.joanneum.at/#/home),a database collecting information on Higher Education Institutions(HEIs)at European level.All the above was used to perform a clusterization of 79 Italian universities based on structural and digital indicators.Findings:The main findings of this study concern the evaluation of the potential in digitalization of universities,in particular by presenting techniques for the automatic extraction of information from the web to build indicators of quality and impact of universities’websites.These indicators can complement traditional indicators and can be used to identify groups of universities with common features using clustering techniques working with the above indicators.Research limitations:The results reported in this study refers to Italian universities only,but the approach could be extended to other university systems abroad.Practical implications:The approach proposed in this study and its illustration on Italian universities show the usefulness of recently introduced automatic data extraction and web scraping approaches and its practical relevance for characterizing and profiling the activities of universities on the basis of their websites.The approach could be applied to other university systems.Originality/value:This work applies for the first time to university websites some recently introduced techniques for automatic knowledge extraction based on web scraping,optical character recognition and nontrivial text mining operations(Bruni&Bianchi,2020).
文摘A mesh generating system has been developed in orde r to prepare large amounts of input data which are needed for easy implementation of a finite element analysis. This system consists of a Pre-Mesh Generator, an Automatic Mesh Generator and a Mesh Modifier. Pre-Mesh Generator produces the shape and sub-block information as input data of Automatic Mesh Generator by c arrying out various image processing with respect to the image information of th e drawing input using scanner. Automatic Mesh Generator generates mesh of trian gular elements in the arbitrarily shaped and multiple connected planar domain by using minimum necessary information. This generator has 3 methods of mesh gene ration for each sub-block, A) Regular Mesh Generation, B) Semi-Regular Mesh Ge neration and C) Irregular Mesh Generation. Any of them can be selected automati cally according to the external form of sub-block or the state of domain. Mesh Modifier projects and modifies the pattern of generated mesh by Automatic Mesh Generator as required. This system simplifies the user’s task while saving manp ower in carrying out the finite element analysis.
文摘Type WYZ 97 eighteen information noninsulate frequency shift automatic blocking system is the most advanced railroad signaling system in China nowadays.The article introduced its principles,technical targets,features and the applications.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through Project Number WE-44-0033.
文摘One of the significant health issues affecting women that impacts their fertility and results in serious health concerns is Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).Consequently,timely screening of polycystic ovarian syndrome can help in the process of recovery.Finding a method to aid doctors in this procedure was crucial due to the difficulties in detecting this condition.This research aimed to determine whether it is possible to optimize the detection of PCOS utilizing Deep Learning algorithms and methodologies.Additionally,feature selection methods that produce the most important subset of features can speed up calculation and enhance the effectiveness of classifiers.In this research,the tri-stage wrapper method is used because it reduces the computation time.The proposed study for the Automatic diagnosis of PCOS contains preprocessing,data normalization,feature selection,and classification.A dataset with 39 characteristics,including metabolism,neuroimaging,hormones,and biochemical information for 541 subjects,was employed in this scenario.To start,this research pre-processed the information.Next for feature selection,a tri-stage wrapper method such as Mutual Information,ReliefF,Chi-Square,and Xvariance is used.Then,various classification methods are tested and trained.Deep learning techniques including convolutional neural network(CNN),multi-layer perceptron(MLP),Recurrent neural network(RNN),and Bi long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)are utilized for categorization.The experimental finding demonstrates that with effective feature extraction process using tri stage wrapper method+CNN delivers the highest precision(97%),high accuracy(98.67%),and recall(89%)when compared with other machine learning algorithms.
基金supported by Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20070006011)
文摘For the constant distance spacing policy,the existing researches of the string stability focus on the single-predecessor information framework(SPIF) and predecessor-successor information framework(PSIF).The research results demonstrated that the string stability could not be guaranteed with the SPIF,and then the PSIF was proposed to resolve this string instability.But the issue,whether the string stability can be guaranteed when applying the PSIF,is still controversial.Meanwhile,most of the previous researches on the string stability were conducted without consideration of the parasitic time delays and lags.In this paper,the practical longitudinal vehicle dynamics model is built with consideration of the parasitic time delays and lags existing in the actuators,sensors or the communication systems.Secondly,the detailed theoretical analysis of string stability in frequency domain is conducted to demonstrate that the classical linear control laws can not ensure the string stability when applying both the symmetrical PSIF(SPSIF) and asymmetrical PSIF(APSIF).Thirdly,a control law,which adds the position and velocity information of the leading vehicle,is proposed to guarantee string stability for small/medium platoon,and the other control law,which adds the acceleration information of the controlled vehicle,is proposed to guarantee string stability for large platoon as well as small/medium platoon.Finally,the comparative simulation is conducted to confirm the conducted analysis and the proposed control laws.The conducted research completes the means to analyze the string stability in frequency domain,provides the parameters' reference for the design and implementation of the practical automatic following controllers,and improves the reliability and stability of the platoon of automatic vehicles.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59975068).
文摘Welding arc spectral information is a rising welding information source. In some occasion, it can reflect many physical phenomena of welding process and solve many problems that cannot be done with arc electric information, acoustic information and other arc information. It is of important significance in developing automatic control technique of welding process and other similar process. Many years study work on welding arc spectral information of the anthor are discussed from three aspects of theory, method and application. Basic theory, view and testing methods of welding arc spectral information has been put forward. In application aspects, many applied examples, for example, monitoring of harmful gases in arc (such as hydrogen and nitrogen) with the method of welding arc spectral information; welding arc spectral imaging of the welding pool which is used in automatic seam tracking; controlling of welding droplet transfer with welding arc spectral information and so on, are introduced. Especially, the successful application in real time controlling of welding droplet transfer in pulsed GMAW is introduced too. These application examples show that the welding arc spectral information has great applied significance and development potentialities. These .content will play an important role in applying and spreading welding arc spectral informarion technology.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61100159,61233007,61503371)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2011AA040103)+2 种基金Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KGCX2-EW-104)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA06021100)the Cross-disciplinary Collaborative Teams Program for Science,Technology,and Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Network and System Technologies for Security Monitoring and Information Interaction in Smart Grid,Energy Management System for Micro-smart Grid
文摘The microgrid is a typical cyber-physical microgrid system(CPMS). The physical unconventional distributed generators(DGs) are intermittent and inverter-interfaced which makes them very different to control. The cyber components,such as the embedded computer and communication network,are equipped with DGs, to process and transmit the necessary information for the controllers. In order to ensure system-wide observability, controllability and stabilization for the microgrid,the cyber and physical component need to be integrated. For the physical component of CPMS, the droop-control method is popular as it can be applied in both modes of operation to improve the grid transient performance. Traditional droop control methods have the drawback of the inherent trade-off between power sharing and voltage and frequency regulation. In this paper, the global information(such as the average voltage and the output active power of the microgrid and so on) are acquired distributedly based on multi-agent system(MAS). Based on the global information from cyber components of CPMS, automatic generation control(AGC) and automatic voltage control(AVC)are proposed to deal with the drawback of traditional droop control. Simulation studies in PSCAD demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51722406,52074340,and 51874335the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant JQ201808+5 种基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 18CX02097Athe Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC under Grant ZD2019-183-008the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of University in Shandong Province under Grant 2019KJH002the National Research Council of Science and Technology Major Project of China under Grant 2016ZX05025001-006111 Project under Grant B08028Sinopec Science and Technology Project under Grant P20050-1
文摘For reservoirs with complex non-Gaussian geological characteristics,such as carbonate reservoirs or reservoirs with sedimentary facies distribution,it is difficult to implement history matching directly,especially for the ensemble-based data assimilation methods.In this paper,we propose a multi-source information fused generative adversarial network(MSIGAN)model,which is used for parameterization of the complex geologies.In MSIGAN,various information such as facies distribution,microseismic,and inter-well connectivity,can be integrated to learn the geological features.And two major generative models in deep learning,variational autoencoder(VAE)and generative adversarial network(GAN)are combined in our model.Then the proposed MSIGAN model is integrated into the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation(ESMDA)method to conduct history matching.We tested the proposed method on two reservoir models with fluvial facies.The experimental results show that the proposed MSIGAN model can effectively learn the complex geological features,which can promote the accuracy of history matching.
基金Supported by Gansu Province Natural Science Foundation(3ZS061-A25-045), and the“Qing Lan”Talent Engineering Funds of Lanazhou Jiaotong University(QL-06-19A)
基金Supported by Distributed Multilevel Environmental Automatic Monitoring Information Management SystemResearch on Automatic Monitoring Quality Management of the Water Pollution Source(2009ZX07527-002)
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59975068) and Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal(No.99360291).
文摘Arc spectral information is a rising information source which can solve manyproblems that can not be done with arc electric information and other arc information. It is ofimportant significance to develop automatic control technique of welding process. The basic theoryand methods on it play an important role in expounding and applying arc spectral information. Usingconcerned equation in plasma physics and spectrum theory, a system of equations including 12equations which serve as basic theory of arc spectral information is set up. Through analyzing ofthe 12 equations, a basic view that arc spectral information is the reflection of arc state andstate variation, and is the most abundant information resource reflecting welding arc process isdrawn. Furthermore, based on the basic theory, the basic methods of test and control of arc spectralinformation and points out some applications of it are discussesed.
文摘AIM: To examine the feasibility and validity of electronic generation of quality metrics in the intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS: This minimal risk observational study was performed at an academic tertiary hospital. The Critical Care Independent Multidisciplinary Program at Mayo Clinic identified and defined 11 key quality metrics. These metrics were automatically calculated using ICU Data Mart, a near-real time copy of all ICU electronic medical record(EMR) data. The automatic report was compared with data from a comprehensive EMR review by a trained investigator. Data was collected for 93 randomly selected patients admitted to the ICU during April 2012(10% of admitted adult population). This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institution Review Board.RESULTS: All types of variables needed for metric calculations were found to be available for manual and electronic abstraction, except information for availability of free beds for patient-specific time-frames. There was 100% agreement between electronic and manual data abstraction for ICU admission source, admission service, and discharge disposition. The agreement between electronic and manual data abstraction of the time of ICU admission and discharge were 99% and 89%. The time of hospital admission and discharge were similar for both the electronically and manually abstracted datasets. The specificity of the electronically-generated report was 93% and 94% for invasive and non-invasive ventilation use in the ICU. One false-positive result for each type of ventilation was present. The specificity for ICU and in-hospital mortality was 100%. Sensitivity was 100% for all metrics.CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates excellent accuracy of electronically-generated key ICU quality metrics. This validates the feasibility of automatic metric generation.